The formation consists of the Esmeraldas Member, which is a unit comprising highly foraminiferaltuffaceouscalcareous shale. They were deposited by shallow water gravity flows, which brought the Esmeraldas fauna into the deep water (1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) from shallow water, on the order of 75 metres (246 ft).[3]
The Esmeraldas Member is covered by the Súa Member comprising burrowed, bioturbated, siltysandstones deposited in a coastal environment.
G. Carnevale, W. Landini, L. Radgaini, C. Celma, G. and Cantalamessa. 2011. Taphonomic and paleoecological analyses (mollusks and fishes) of the Súa Member condensed shelled, upper Onzole Formation (Early Pliocene, Ecuador). Palaios 26(3):160-172
A. E. Longbottom. 1979. Miocene Sharks' teeth from Ecuador. Bulletin of The British Museum (Natural History) Geology 32:57-70
W. D. Pitt and L.J. Pitt. 1997. Nassarius (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) from the Neogene of northwestern Ecuador. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 29:135-150
E. H. Vokes and H. E. Vokes. 2000. Catalogue of Tulane University fossil localities
E. H. Vokes. 1988. Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Esmeraldas Beds, northwestern Ecuador. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 21(1):1-50
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