Olympic and Paralympic deaths

At the modern Olympic Games, as of the conclusion of the 2024 Summer Paralympics^[update], eight Olympic or Paralympic athletes and six horses have died as a result of competing in or practicing their sport at Games venues; three other deaths were potentially a result of competition. In addition, another 16 participants have died at the Olympics from other causes; 11 of these deaths were from the Munich massacre.

Several incidents related to the Olympics have caused the death of non-participants. Large numbers were killed during the Lima football riot of 1964 and the Tlatelolco massacre in Mexico City in 1968. The Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Atlanta Games caused two deaths.

In competition during the Olympics

Name	Age	Country	Sport	Olympics	Cause of death	Ref.
Francisco Lázaro	24	Portugal	Runner	1912, Stockholm	Electrolyte imbalance/overheating	[1]
Knud Enemark Jensen	23	Denmark	Cyclist	1960, Rome	Heat stroke	[2]

Horses

• Legény (11) (ridden by István Visy), HUN 1936, Berlin – euthanised after breaking a leg at fence four^[3]
• Slippery Slim (8) (ridden by John Willems), USA 1936, Berlin – euthanised after breaking a leg at fence four^[4][5]
• Iller (12) (ridden by Johan Asker), SWE 1956, Stockholm – euthanised after breaking a leg on the cross country course^[6]
• Mures II (ridden by Andrei Cadar), ROU 1960, Rome – collapsed and died after finishing the cross country course^[7]
• Over and Over (ridden by Joris Vanspringel), BEL 2004, Athens – suffered a fracture of the left femur during the cross-country portion of the event. The horse was euthanized when veterinarians concluded that the injury could not be repaired.^[8]
• Jet Set (14) (ridden by Robin Godel), SUI 2020, Tokyo – euthanised after pulling up extremely lame on the Sea Forest cross-country course^[9][10]

In competition during the Paralympics

• Bahman Golbarnezhad (48), Iran – Cyclist – 2016, Rio de Janeiro – cardiac arrest following crash^[11]

During Olympic practice or potentially from competing

• David Bratton (35) and George Van Cleaf (25), United States – Water polo and swimming – 1904, St. Louis. The artificial lake created in the middle of the World’s Fair for the lifesaving exhibition was also used for livestock exhibits. Cattle at these exhibits grazed around and stood in the lake, and the water polo and swimming evens were held at the other end of the lake. Within four months of the water polo and swimming events, Bratton and Van Cleaf died from typhoid fever. Each competed in water polo and the 4 x 50 yards freestyle relay.^[12][13][14]
• Nicolae Berechet (20), Romania – Boxing – 1936, Berlin. Berechet died three days after losing his bout against Evald Seeberg. His death was officially recorded as being due to blood poisoning, but it has been suggested that damage caused in the fight may have been a factor in his death.^[15][16]
• Ignaz Stiefsohn (25), Austria – Gliding (demonstration event) – 1936, Berlin. Stiefsohn was killed on 3 August when his glider broke a wing and crashed during practice.^[17]
• Ross Milne (19), Australia – Downhill skiing – 1964, Innsbruck. Milne died in a ski collision with a tree in practice at Innsbruck four days before the opening of the Games.^[18]
• Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki (58), Britain – Luge – 1964, Innsbruck. Kay-Skrzypecki died one day after a luge crash during practice at Innsbruck, which occurred eight days before the opening of the Games.^[19]
• Nicolas Bochatay (27), Switzerland – Speed skiing (demonstration sport) – 1992, Albertville. Bochatay collided with a snow machine in practice.^[20]
• Nodar Kumaritashvili (21), Georgia – Luge – 2010, Vancouver. Kumaritashvili died in a luge crash in practice on the day of the opening ceremony.^[21]

Other deaths of Olympic participants

Paris 1900

Edmond Brassart [it], (30), France – Fencing – 1900, Paris – Brassard was killed alongside three others in the collapse of the Passerelle des Invalides, a temporary bridge built for the Exposition Universelle of 1900. This occurred two months after he participated in the Olympic Games but also two months before the Games concluded.^[22][23]

London 1948

During the London Olympics, Eliška Misáková, one of nine members of the Czechoslovak women's team in gymnastics, became ill on arrival in the host city. Diagnosed with polio, she died on the last day of the Olympics, the same day her remaining teammates won the competition.^[24]

Melbourne 1956

Arrigo Menicocci, Italian rower who competed in eights, was killed as a passenger in a car crash about 90 km northwest of Melbourne during the Olympics on 1 December 1956, four days after the end of the rowing competition.^[25]

Munich 1972

Main article: Munich massacre

In 1972, during the Munich Olympics, the Palestinian terrorist organisation Black September killed 11 members of the Israeli team.

The 11 Israeli Olympic Team members who were murdered in the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich are:

• Mark Slavin, 18, wrestler
• Eliezer Halfin, 24, wrestler
• David Mark Berger, 28, weightlifter
• Ze'ev Friedman, 28, weightlifter
• Yossef Romano, 32, weightlifter
• Andre Spitzer, 27, fencing coach
• Moshe Weinberg, 33, wrestling coach
• Yossef Gutfreund, 40, wrestling referee
• Amitzur Shapira, 40, track and field coach
• Yakov Springer, 51, weightlifting judge
• Kehat Shorr, 53, shooting coach

Calgary 1988

Between the morning and afternoon runs of the men's giant slalom, Jörg Oberhammer, 47, the Austrian team doctor, was skiing on a recreational slope when he collided with another skier (a CTV technician) and was knocked under a snow-grooming machine, which crushed him instantly.^[26][27]

Rio de Janeiro 2016

German Olympic canoe slalom coach and Olympic silver-medalist Stefan Henze, 35, died on 15 August 2016 after his taxi was hit in a high-speed head-on collision in Rio three days earlier.^[28]

Tokyo 2020

The Chinese coach of the Vietnamese Olympic swim team, Huang Guohui, 57, was suspected to have died by suicide whilst being held under COVID-19 quarantine in Hanoi following the return from Tokyo.^[29]

Paris 2024

The coach of the Samoan boxing team, Lionel Elika Fatupaito, died on 26 July 2024 in the Olympic Village due to cardiac arrest just prior to the opening ceremony. ^[30]

Deaths of non-participants at Olympic-related events

Lima 1964

Main article: Estadio Nacional disaster

In a qualifying match for the Olympic football tournament, home fans began rioting after a late Peru goal was disallowed. Police fired tear gas into the crowd, exacerbating the situation, which ended with at least 328 deaths.^[31]

Mexico 1968

Main article: Tlatelolco massacre

The Mexico 68 protests were part of a worldwide series of leftwing student-led protests. While the protesting National Strike Council claimed not to link its demands to the Olympics, some students protested at the perceived extravagance of hosting the games, and some sought to exploit the increased foreign media presence in the city for publicity. The authoritarian government had a secret "Olympia Battalion" to ensure security during the Games. Ten days before the games, the unit swept through a mass meeting in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas making arrests. Estimates of the number killed in the operation range from thirty to several hundred.

Munich 1972

Main Article: Munich Massacre

In addition to the 11 Israeli Olympic Team members who died, West German police officer Anton Fliegerbauer and five Palestinian terrorists were killed during a shootout. Carmel Eliash, cousin of Moshe Weinberg, had a heart attack during the public memorial service the following day.^[32]

Atlanta 1996 (Olympic Park Bombing)

Main article: Centennial Olympic Park bombing

On 27 July 1996 (the eighth day of the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games), a bomb exploded at the Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, Georgia, killing two and wounding over 100 people.

Sydney 2000

Hyginus Anugo, 22, of Nigeria, a 4 × 400 metres relay reserve, was killed after being struck by a car while crossing a street in Sydney eight days before the Games opened.^[33] He did not have Olympic accreditation and was not staying at the Olympic athletes' village. Anugo was with the team training in Adelaide, where final selections for relay squads were made, and was not selected. He had been due to return to Nigeria but had voluntarily proceeded to Sydney.

Athens 2004 Paralympics

Seven teenagers from Farkadona were killed in a crash while travelling to Athens for the Games, when their bus collided with a truck near the town of Kamena Vourla. Out of respect for their deaths, the cultural portion of the closing ceremonies of these Paralympics was cancelled.^[34][35]

Beijing 2008

A Hong Kong Police motorcyclist was on a VIP escort to Sheung Yue River for 2008 Olympic Equestrian events and was killed en route in a traffic collision.^[36]

London 2012

On 1 August 2012, a special bus carrying media from the London Olympic Park was involved in a collision in which a cyclist was killed.^[37]

References

1. "Forum Olimpico de Portugal" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
2. "Danish Cyclist Died of Heat Stroke, Not Drug". New York Times. 26 March 1961. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
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4. "Dastardly Doings at the 1936 Olympic Cross Country Event". 6 May 2012.
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6. "Iller". Häststam.
7. "Individual, Men". Olympedia.
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10. Roome, Pippa (1 August 2021). "Horse put down after injury on Tokyo Olympics cross-country course". Horse & Hound. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
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16. Kas Eesti poksija löök põhjustas vastase surma? [Did hit from the Estonian boxer caused opponents death?] Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian)
17. Connolly, Paul (31 July 2016). "The Joy of Six: Olympic demonstration sports". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
18. John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle, Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement, Greenwood Press, 2004, ISBN 0-313-32278-3, p. 347.
19. Judd, Ron C. (2009). The Winter Olympics: An Insider's Guide to the Legends, Lore and The Games. The Mountaineers Books. pp. 29. ISBN 978-1-59485-063-9.
20. Eskenaz, Gerald (23 February 1992). "Albertville; Swiss speed skier killed during a practice run". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
21. Zinser, Lynn (12 February 2010). "Luge Athlete's Death Casts Pall Over Games". New York Times. New York City. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
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27. Wurm, H. (March 1988). "In Memoriam Dr. Jörg Oberhammer" (PDF). Buko-Info (in German) (2). Bundeskonferenz des wissenschaftlichen und künstlerischen Personals der österreichischen Universitäten und Kunsthochschulen: 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
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29. Huy Nhat. "National swimming coach passes away in quarantine". VnExpress International. VnExpress. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
30. Breen, Kerry (27 July 2024). "Samoa boxing coach dies at Olympic Village, officials say - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
31. "Lima 1964: The world's worst stadium disaster". BBC News. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
32. Gallagher, Brendan (6 August 2002). "Athletics: Memories stirred of Olympic hostage horror". The Telegraph (UK). London, UK. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
33. "Nigerian Runner Is Killed When Hit by Car in Sydney." Los Angeles Times. 8 September 2000. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
34. Jones, Sam (28 September 2004). "Seven children die in Paralympics bus crash". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
35. "Games finale cut after bus deaths". BBC News. 27 September 2004. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
36. "香港交警护送马术赛要员车祸殉职 众人致祭(图)-搜狐新闻". news.sohu.com. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
37. "Cyclist dies in Olympic media bus crash". BBC Online. 1 August 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.