Oliver Nugent

Sir Oliver Stewart Wood Nugent KCB DSO
Born	(1860-11-09)9 November 1860 Aldershot, Hampshire, England[1]
Died	31 May 1926(1926-05-31) (aged 65)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service / branch	British Army
Years of service	1882−1920
Rank	Major-General
Unit	Royal Munster Fusiliers King's Royal Rifle Corps
Commands	41st Brigade 36th (Ulster) Division Meerut Division
Battles / wars	Chitral Expedition Hazara Expedition of 1888 Second Boer War First World War * Battle of the Somme
Awards	Knight Commander of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath Distinguished Service Order Mentioned in dispatches

Major-General Sir Oliver Stewart Wood Nugent, KCB, DSO (9 November 1860^[2] – 31 May 1926) was a British Army officer known for his command of the 36th (Ulster) Division during the First World War and particularly at the Battle of the Somme.

Military career

He was the son of Major General St George Nugent and Emily, daughter of the Right Honourable Edward Litton, who was a senior Irish judge and MP for Coleraine at Westminster.^[2]

Nugent was educated at Harrow and Sandhurst before joining the British Army when he was commissioned into the Royal Munster Fusiliers as a lieutenant on 29 July 1882.^[3][4] Transferring in April 1883 to the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC),^[5] he was promoted to captain on 15 October 1890^[6] and served in the Hazara, Miranzai (where he was mentioned in dispatches) and Chitral expeditions, being mentioned in dispatches again and later being awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in January 1896.^[7][8][9]

He attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1897 to 1898.^[10] Promoted to major on 21 October 1899,^[11][12] he then served in the Second Boer War^[13] where he was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Talana Hill.^[14][15]

After his return to the United Kingdom he was, in October 1902, appointed deputy assistant quartermaster general to the 3rd Army Corps,^[16] stationed in Ireland.^[17] In October 1906, after being promoted to lieutenant colonel,^[18] he became commanding officer (CO) of the 4th Battalion, KRRC, at the time stationed at Colchester.^[19]

He commanded the battalion for the next four years, during which time, in June 1909, he was promoted to brevet colonel and appointed as a personal aide-de-camp to King George VII, taking over from Major General Hubert Hamilton.^[20] In mid-October 1910 he relinquished command of the battalion and was placed on half-pay and promoted to colonel.^[21] He remained on half-pay until January 1911 when he was placed in command of the Hampshire Brigade, a Territorial Force (TF) formation.^[22] He commanded the brigade until February 1911 when he once again went on half-pay.^[23]

The Ulster Division's deployment on 1 July 1916. Schwaben Redoubt is at centre right

.

The First World War saw Nugent, promoted to temporary brigadier general in August 1914,^[24] serving in England until May 1915^[25] when he was appointed to command the 41st Infantry Brigade.^[26] The brigade was part of the 14th (Light) Division and was at the time serving in Aldershot before being sent to the Western Front shortly afterwards.^[27]

In September 1915, after promotion to temporary major general,^[28] he was appointed to command the 36th (Ulster) Division, "one of the most distinctive New Army formations", in the words of his biographer,^[29] with which he served until May 1918, when Major General Clifford Coffin replaced him.^[30] He was promoted to the permanent rank of major general 1 January 1916.^[31][32]

In common with several other divisions, Nugent deployed his leading battalions into no man's land fifteen minutes before Zero Hour on the first day of the Battle of the Somme in July 1916. This allowed his soldiers to gain an advantage and capture their first objective, the Schwaben Redoubt. However, the failure of the divisions either side to get forward caused the attack to falter, and eventually the 36th Division withdrew in some disorder.^[33] He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the New Year Honours 1917.^[34]

He commanded the Meerut Division in India from August 1918^[31][35] to 1920, and, after giving up his assignment at the time,^[36] retired from the army in 1920 to the family estate in Farren Connell, County Cavan,^[2] where he died from pneumonia on 31 May 1926.^[37][38] He was knighted in the New Year Honours 1922.^[39] Nugent's portrait by William Conor is in Belfast City Hall.

References

1. Perry 2020, p. 3.
2. "Major General Sir Oliver Nugent, by Dr Ian Adamson OBE". Impala Publishers Blog Page. 8 August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
3. Perry 2020, pp. 3–5.
4. "No. 25132". The London Gazette. 29 July 1882. p. 3516.
5. Perry 2020, p. 7.
6. "No. 26126". The London Gazette. 20 January 1891. p. 361.
7. Quarterly Army List for quarter ending 31 December 1917 – part 2 War Services
8. "No. 26701". The London Gazette. 21 January 1896. p. 358.
9. Perry 2020, pp. 22–23.
10. Perry 2020, pp. 25–26.
11. "No. 27129". The London Gazette. 24 October 1899. p. 6386.
12. Nugent 2007, p. 34.
13. Perry 2020, pp. 26–29.
14. Hart′s Army list, 1903
15. Perry 2020, pp. 30–32.
16. "No. 27487". The London Gazette. 24 October 1902. p. 6738.
17. Nugent 2007, pp. 34–35.
18. "No. 27958". The London Gazette. 16 October 1906. p. 6942.
19. Perry 2020, p. 37.
20. "No. 28264". The London Gazette. 25 June 1909. p. 4864.
21. "No. 28424". The London Gazette. 14 October 1910. p. 7254.
22. "No. 28458". The London Gazette. 20 January 1911. p. 504.
23. "No. 28818". The London Gazette. 3 April 1914. p. 2881.
24. "No. 28875". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 August 1914. p. 6581.
25. Perry 2020, pp. 49–54.
26. "No. 29160". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 May 1915. p. 4621.
27. Perry 2020, pp. 55–80.
28. "No. 29330". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 October 1915. p. 10234.
29. Perry 2020, p. 81.
30. Perry 2020, pp. 256–257.
31. January 1919 Indian Army List
32. "No. 29438". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 January 1916. p. 568.
33. Edmonds, James E. (1932). Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1916. London: HMSO. pp. 403–406. ISBN 0-89839-185-7.
34. "No. 29886". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1916. p. 2.
35. Perry 2020, p. 258.
36. "No. 32254". The London Gazette. 11 March 1921. p. 2002.
37. "Major-General Sir Oliver Nugent". The Times. No. 44287. 2 June 1926. p. 16.
38. Perry 2020, p. 279.
39. "No. 32563". The London Gazette. 30 December 1921. p. 10712.

Bibliography

• Nugent, Oliver (2007). Major-General Oliver Nugent and the Ulster Division 1915−1918. Sutton Pub. ISBN 978-0-7509-4880-7.
• Perry, Nicholas (2020). Major-General Oliver Nugent: The Irishman who led the Ulster Division in the Great War. Ulster Historical Foundation. ISBN 978-1-909556-82-9.

External links

• Somme hero's 'lost' medals go on display, The Newsletter
• Somme hero's 'lost' medals go on display, Ulster Gazette
• Art UK Nugent's portrait in Belfast City Hall
• "Nugent, Maj.-Gen. Sir Oliver Stewart Wood" . Thom's Irish Who's Who . Dublin: Alexander Thom and Son Ltd. 1923. p. 179  – via Wikisource.

Military offices
Preceded by Charles Herbert Powell	GOC 36th (Ulster) Division 1915–1918	Succeeded by Clifford Coffin