In the United States, other than in the military departments, the first Office of Inspector General was established by act of Congress in 1976[1] under the Department of Health and Human Services to eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse in Medicare, Medicaid, and more than 100 other departmental programs.[2] With approximately 1,600 employees, the HHS-OIG performs audits, investigations, and evaluations to recommend policy for decision-makers and the public.[3]
Ronald Reagan terminated 16 inspectors general when he entered into office in 1981. His administration explained that Reagan intended to hire his own selections. After Congress objected, Reagan rehired five of those terminated.[4]
George H. W. Bush also attempted to dismiss all the inspectors general when he became president in 1989, but relented after the inspectors general and Congress objected.[4]
Barack Obama dismissed Corporation for National and Community Service inspector general Gerald Walpin citing a lack of confidence in him.[4] After Congress objected to his lack of explanation, the Obama administration cited that Walpin had shown "troubling and inappropriate conduct", and pointed to an incident that year when Walpin was "disoriented" during a board meeting of the corporation, because of which the board requested Walpin's dismissal.[4] Walpin sued for reinstatement, but the courts ruled against him.[4]
In 2020, Donald Trumpdismissed or replaced five inspectors general within six weeks. Two permanent inspectors general were dismissed and three acting inspectors general were replaced.[5] Just after firing intelligence inspector general Michael Atkinson, Trump criticized Atkinson as having done a "terrible job" and that he "took a fake report and he brought it to Congress", in reference to the whistleblower complaint of the Trump–Ukraine scandal, which other testimony and evidence largely verified. Trump also described Atkinson as "not a big Trump fan".[6][7] Around one month before Trump replaced Christi Grimm as acting health inspector general, he had called her report of shortages of medical supplies in American hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States as "wrong", "fake", and "her opinion", despite the report being based on a survey of 323 hospitals. Trump also questioned Grimm's motives for the report.[8][9]
The offices employ special agents (criminal investigators, often armed) and auditors. In addition, federal offices of inspectors general employ forensic auditors, or "audigators", evaluators, inspectors, administrative investigators, and a variety of other specialists. Their activities include the detection and prevention of fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement of the government programs and operations within their parent organizations. Office investigations may be internal, targeting government employees, or external, targeting grant recipients, contractors, or recipients of the various loans and subsidies offered through the thousands of federal domestic and foreign assistance programs.[12] The Inspector General Reform Act of 2008[13] (IGRA) amended the 1978 act[10] by increasing pay and various powers and creating the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE).[14][15]
Some inspectors general, the heads of the offices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.[18] For example, both the inspector general of the U.S. Department of Labor and the inspector general of the U.S. Agency for International Development are presidentially appointed. The remaining inspectors general are designated by their respective agency heads,[19] such as the U.S. Postal Service inspector general.[20] Presidentially appointed IGs can only be removed, or terminated, from their positions by the President of the United States, whereas designated inspectors general can be terminated by the agency head.[21] However, in both cases Congress must be notified of the termination, removal, or reassignment.
While the IG Act of 1978[10] requires that inspectors general be selected based upon their qualifications and not political affiliation, presidentially appointed inspectors general are considered political appointees and are often selected, if only in part and in addition to their qualifications, because of their political relationships and party affiliation. An example of the role political affiliation plays in the selection of an inspector general, and the resulting pitfalls, can be seen in the 2001 Republican appointment (and resignation under fire) of Janet Rehnquist[22] (daughter of former Chief Justice of the United States, William Rehnquist) to the post of inspector general for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[23]
While all of the federal offices of inspectors general operate separately from one another, they share information and some coordination through the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.[24] As of 2010[update], the CIGIE comprised 68 offices.[25] In addition to their inspector general members, the CIGIE includes non-inspector general representatives from the federal executive branch, such as executives from the Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Government Ethics, the Office of Special Counsel, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The CIGIE also provides specialized training to the inspector general community.
Further evidence of coordination between federal offices of inspectors general can be seen by the public through the offices' shared website,[26] and the use of shared training facilities and resources, such as the Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy (IGCIA),[27] and their Inspector General Community Auditor Training Team (IGCATS),[28] which are hosted by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).
Evidence of the offices' return on investment to taxpayers can be seen through their semi-annual reports to Congress, most of which are available on each office's website.[29]
Since the post-9/11 enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,[30] resulting in the amendment of the IG Act of 1978, Section 6e, most presidentially appointed IG special agents have had full law enforcement authority to carry firearms, make arrests, and execute search warrants. Prior to this time, most presidentially appointed IG and some designated IG special agents had the equivalent law enforcement authorities as a result of other statutes or annually required deputation by the U.S. Marshals Service. The 2002 amendment to the IG Act of 1978 made most deputation of presidentially appointed IG special agents unnecessary. Some designated IG special agents, however, still have full law enforcement authority today by virtue of this continued deputation. Some OIGs employ no criminal investigators and rely solely on administrative investigators, auditors, and inspectors.
Lists of inspectors general
Presidentially-appointed, Senate-confirmed (PAS) inspectors general
Within the United States Armed Forces, the position of inspector general is normally part of the personal staff serving a general or flag officer in a command position. The inspector general's office functions in two ways. To a certain degree they are ombudsmen for their branch of service. However, their primary function is to ensure the combat readiness of subordinate units in their command.
An armed services inspector general also investigates noncriminal allegations and some specific criminal allegations, to include determining if the matter should be referred for criminal investigation by the service's criminal investigative agency.
The Air Force Inspector General Complaints Program was established to address the concerns of Air Force active duty, reserve, and Guard members, civilian employees, family members, and retirees, as well as the interest of the Air Force. One of the first responsibilities of the Air Force inspector general is to operate a credible complaints program that investigates personnel complaints: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse (FWA) allegations; congressional inquiries; and issues involving the Air Force mission. Personnel complaints and FWA disclosures to the IG help commanders correct problems that affect the productivity, mission accomplishment, and morale of assigned personnel, which are areas of high concern to Air Force leaders at all levels.[83]
HHS-OIG develops and distributes resources to assist the health care industry in its efforts to comply with the nation's fraud and abuse laws and to educate the public about fraudulent schemes so that it can protect itself and report suspicious activities.[2]
As of 2015, HHS-OIG had targeted hospitals and healthcare systems for Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations pertaining to the management of physician compensation arrangements.[84] In 2015, a fraud alert was issued to publicize the OIG's intent to further regulate such non-compliance.[85] In light of such efforts and consequent record-breaking settlements, healthcare experts have begun to call for the transition from paper-based physician time logging and contract management to automated solutions.[86]
Reception
Support
Glenn Fine argues that Inspector Generals save taxpayers billions of dollars a year and have the potential to save much more if given more resources and independence, as well as more independent oversight of the Inspector Generals.[87][88] He also argues that the Supreme Court of the United States, along with every institution, needs an independent and nonpartisan inspector generals.[88]
Criticism
Inspectors general have also been criticized for being ineffective and persecuting whistleblowers rather than protecting them. In a 2011 article by Matt Taibbi, SEC whistleblowers said that complaining to the SEC OIG was "well-known to be a career-killer".[89][better source needed]
Hilliard, Nadia (2017). The Accountability State: US Federal Inspectors General and the Pursuit of Democratic Integrity. Studies in Government and Public Policy. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN9780700623976. JSTORj.ctt1p6qpbk. OCLC1005678179.
Jesslyn EllyLahirJesslyn Elly Septiani13 September 2001 (umur 22)Jakarta, IndonesiaKebangsaanIndonesiaNama lainLynPekerjaanPenyanyiPenariTahun aktif2021 - sekarangKarier musikGenreJ-pop, PopLabelIndonesia Musik NusantaraArtis terkaitJKT48AnggotaJKT48 (2021 - sekarang)Situs webhttp://www.jkt48.com/ Jesslyn Elly Septiani (lahir 13 September 2001)[1] atau yang lebih akrab dipanggil Lyn JKT48, adalah salah seorang anggota member JKT48 generasi sepuluh. Ia debut dan diperken...
Tepi Laut adalah sebuah waterfront city di Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau. Tepi Laut memberikan pemandangan perairan Selat Riau, Pulau Penyengat, Pulau Paku, Pulau Terkulai, Pulau Los, Senggarang, dan Kampung Bungis. Tepi Laut membentang dari Jalan H.Agus Salim menuju Jalan Hang Tuah hingga ke Jalan SM.Amin atau Jalan Samudera. Sepanjang Tepi Laut, terdapat beberapa bangunan dan tempat terkenal diantaranya: Anjung Cahaya (foodcourt) Bright & Shine (carwash) Gedung Daerah (gedung peninggala...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Race – The Official WTCC Game – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2006 video gameRace - The Official WTCC GameDeveloper(s)SimBin StudiosPublisher(s)SimBin StudiosEngineISImotorPlat...
John G. Brennan Brennan en la convención Big Apple de 2008Información personalNombre de nacimiento John BrennanNacimiento 12 de enero de 1961 (62 años Nueva York, Nueva YorkNacionalidad EstadounidenseLengua materna Inglés Información profesionalOcupación ActorGuionistaAños activo 1994-presente[editar datos en Wikidata] John G. Brennan (12 de enero de 1961 en Nueva York, Estados Unidos) es un actor y guionista estadounidense conocido por ser uno de los miembros del dúo T...
Black Twitter es una identidad cultural[1] de la red social Twitter enfocada a las cuestiones de interés para la comunidad negra, concretamente para la estadounidense.[2] Don Jones lo describió en Salon, una página web progresista de noticias, como un colectivo de usuarios activos de Twitter, principalmente de origen afroamericano, que han creado una comunidad virtual … [y] han demostrado a los expertos la gran diversidad de cambios sociopolíticos que Twitter trae consigo....
Reuchlin is een van oorsprong Duits geslacht waarvan leden sinds 1835 tot de Nederlandse adel behoren. Geschiedenis De stamreeks begint met Jörg (Georgius) Reuchlin die rond 1450 administrateur van het Dominikanerklooster te Pforzheim (Baden) was. Diens zoon werd bij besluit van keizer Frederik III van 24 oktober 1492 verheven in de Rijksadelstand. Een nazaat, Jean François Charles Reuchlin (1762-1816), afkomstig van Lausanne, werd huisleraar op onder andere kasteel Biljoen. Drie van zijn z...
Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit einer Siedlergruppe in Kanada. Für das antike Volk der Akkadier siehe Akkad. Akadische Regionen Die Akadier (französisch: Acadiens) sind Nachkommen von französischen Siedlern aus dem Poitou, der Bretagne und der Normandie, die sich im 17. Jahrhundert vor allem in den Küstengebieten der damaligen französischen Kolonie Akadien niedergelassen hatten. Dieses Territorium war eine im Nordosten Nordamerikas gelegene Region und umfasste etwa das Gebiet der heutige...
1991 single by The Simpsons Deep, Deep TroubleU.S. commercial CD maxi-singleSingle by The Simpsonsfrom the album The Simpsons Sing the Blues ReleasedMarch 7, 1991RecordedSeptember 1990Studio The Warehouse (Philadelphia) Lion Share (Hollywood) GenreComedy hip hopLength4:28 (album version)[1]3:34 (music video)LabelGeffenSongwriter(s)Matt GroeningDJ Jazzy JeffProducer(s)John BoylanDJ Jazzy JeffThe Simpsons singles chronology Do the Bartman (1990) Deep, Deep Trouble (1991) God Bless the C...
Bong Joon Ho dirigiu o primeiro filme da Coreia do Sul a ser indicado e ganhar o prêmio com Parasita (2019). Lista de filmes sul-coreanos concorrentes à indicação ao Oscar de melhor filme internacional (anteriormente conhecido como Oscar de melhor filme estrangeiro). A Coreia do Sul inscreve filmes para concorrer a essa categoria desde 1962.[3] O prêmio é concedido anualmente pela Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas.[4] O indicado sul-coreano é escolhido anualmente por um c...
Untuk orang lain dengan nama yang sama, lihat Abdul Kadir. Abdul KadirDuta Besar Indonesia untuk MesirMasa jabatanApril 1952 – Juni 1955PresidenSoekarnoPendahuluRasjidiPenggantiTamsil Informasi pribadiLahir(1906-06-06)6 Juni 1906Binjai, Hindia BelandaMeninggal21 Januari 1961(1961-01-21) (umur 54)Jakarta, IndonesiaKarier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1942–?Pangkat Jenderal MayorSunting kotak info • L • B Jenderal Mayor (Pur...
King of Roman client state Bosporus from 253 to 254 PharsanzesCoin of PharsanzesKing of the BosporusReign253–254PredecessorRhescuporis VSuccessorRhescuporis VDied254 (?)DynastyTiberian-Julian (?)FatherIninthimeus (?) Pharsanzes (Greek: Τιβέριος Ἰούλιος Φαρσάνζης, romanized: Tiberios Ioulios Farsanzes), also known as Farsanza,[1] was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom, a Roman client state, from 253 to 254. Virtually no historical information is known of P...
الجامعة التونسية للجودو الاسم المختصر FTJ الرياضة جودو جوجوتسو آيكيدو أسس عام 1966 الرئيس إسكندر حشيشة المقر شارع الأرض، دار الجامعات، المدينة الأولمبية، 1003، تونس العاصمة - تونس الانتسابات الاتحاد الدولي للجودو الموقع الرسمي fjudo-tn.com تعديل مصدري - تعديل الجامعة التونس...
Lesbians during the socialist government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004 - 2011) in Spain achieved several legal and cultural milestones, including the right to marry and adopt children. Legal and political situation for lesbians Starting in 2005, the public political problems of lesbians became much less visible or were still emerging. The major issues included homophobia.[1] In June 2005, an ERC member gave a speech in defense of sexual minorities as a component of def...
Script used to write the Aramaic language Aramaic alphabetAramaic inscription from Tayma, containing a dedicatory inscription to the god SalmScript type Abjad Time period800 BC to AD 600Directionright-to-leftLanguagesAramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Mandaic, EdomiteRelated scriptsParent systemsEgyptian hieroglyphsProto-SinaiticPhoenicianAramaic alphabetChild systems Hebrew[1] Maalouli[2][3] Nabataean[1] Arabic Syriac Sogdian Old Uyghur Mongolian Manchu Palmyrene[1&...
Japanese self-published print works Part of a series onAnime and manga Anime History Voice acting Companies Studios Original video animation Original net animation Fansub Fandub Lists Longest series Longest franchises Manga History Publishers International market Manga artist Doujinshi Alternative Gekiga Yonkoma Iconography Scanlation Lists Best-selling series Longest series Demographic groups Children Shōnen Shōjo Seinen Josei Genres Bara Cooking Harem Isekai Lolicon Magical girl Mecha Oto...
هانا هوشبيانات شخصيةالميلاد 1 نوفمبر 1889غوتاالوفاة 31 مايو 1978[1][2][3] (88 سنة) برلين[4][5] مكان الدفن Heiligensee (en) [6] اسم عند الولادة Anna Therese Johanne Höch الاسم المستعار Hoch, Hannah[7] بلد المواطنة ألمانيا[8] اللغة المستعملة الألمانيةالمهن القائمة ... مصورة مصص...
Angkatan Laut Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat中国人民解放军海军Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn HǎijūnLambang Angkatan Laut Tentara Pembebasan RakyatAktif23 April 1949Negara TiongkokJumlah personel300.000 personel (2018)540+ kapal600+ pesawatBagian dariTentara Pembebasan RakyatArmada Armada 2 kapal induk1 dok helikopter pendaratan8 Landing Platform Dock32 kapal pendarat tank33 Kapal perang amfibi50 kapal perusak49 fregat70 korvet109 kapal rudal26 pemburu kapal selam17+ kapal bermer...
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This article is about ABU Song Festivals. For the radio festival, see ABU Radio Song Festival. For the TV festival, see ABU TV Song Festival. This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (September 2013) TV series or program ABU Song FestivalsGenreSong FestivalsBased onEurovision Song Contestby European Broadcasting UnionProductionProduction com...
