Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II

Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi Asaf Jah II
Nizam-ul-Mulk
5th Nizam of Hyderabad
Reign8 July 1762 – 6 August 1803
PredecessorSalabat Jung
SuccessorSikander Jah, Asaf Jah III
Born7 March 1734
Hyderabad State
(now in India)
Died6 August 1803 (aged 69)
Chowmahalla Palace, Hyderabad, Hyderabad State
(now in Telangana, India)
SpouseBakhshi Begum
Tinat-un-Nisa Begum
Burhanpuri Begum
Dil Lagan Bai
HouseAsaf Jahi dynasty
FatherQamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah I
MotherUmda Begum

Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah II (7 March 1734 – 6 August 1803) was the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad State between 1762 and 1803. He was born on 7 March 1734 as fourth son to Asaf Jah I and Umda Begum. His official name is Asaf Jah II, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Nizam 'Ali Khan Siddiqi, Fateh Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan. Sawānih-i-Deccan, a Persian work compiled by Munim Khan, a military commander during the era of Asaf Jah II gave more insight about administration of Asaf Jahis.[1][2]

Nizam of Hyderabad

Faujdar of the Deccan

Nizam Ali was appointed as the leading commander and administrator of the Deccan in the year 1759, his successful methods of fighting against the Marathas had earned him much repute as a capable commander.

Shah Alam II' – Subedar of the Deccan

After the Marathas were routed during the Third Battle of Panipat in the year 1761, Nizam Ali and his army of 60,000 immediately advanced and repulsed them as far as Puna and forced them to sue for lasting peace. Nizam Ali then seized the Bidar Fort and later arrested Salabat Jung, this action of Nizam Ali Khan was ratified by the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, who issued a Firman terminating Salabat Jung (supported by the French East India Company), from his position as the Subedar of Deccan and appointing Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II as his successor.[3]

Supporting Shah Alam II

Immediately after recapturing the throne Shah Alam II in 1772, came under the influence of Nizam Ali Khan the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Portrait of Nizam ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah II, Nizam Ali Khan) sitting in an open pavilion on a carpet (British Library)

Nizam's intervention against the Peshwa

Main articles: Battle of Rakshasbhuvan, Battle of Kharda, and Battle of Uruli

In 1757, the Nizam (Salabat Jung) was defeated by Sadashivraobhau in the Battle of Sindhkhed and again at the Battle of Udgir in 1760. In 1762, Raghunathrao allied with the Nizam due to mutual distrust and differences with Madhavrao Peshwa. The Nizam marched towards Poona, but little did he know that Rughunathrao was going to betray him. In 1763, Madhavrao I along with Rughunathrao defeated Nizam at Battle of Rakshasbhuvan and signed a treaty with the Marathas.[citation needed]

In 1795, he was defeated by Madhavrao II's Marathas at the Battle of Kharda and was forced to cede Daulatabad, Aurangabad and Sholapur and pay an indemnity of Rs. 30 million.[4]

A French general, Monsieur Raymond, served as his military leader, strategist and advisor.[5]

Fall of Mysore

The following year, he realized that the fall of Tipu Sultan was imminent and thus, he entered into a Subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company.[6] Thus Hyderabad, which is in both area and population comparable to the United Kingdom, became a princely state within the British Raj. [citation needed]

Death

Asaf Jah II died at Chowmahalla Palace, Hyderabad at the age of 69 on 6 August 1803.

Family

Consorts
  • Bakhshi Begum (died on 21 December 1813,[7] buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad),[8] Nizam's favourite wife;[9]
  • Tinat-un-Nisa Begum (buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad),[8] a servant in service of Bakhshi Begum, and mother of Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III[9] and Akbar Jah;[10]
  • Burhanpuri Begum (buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad), mother of Jahandar Jah;[8]
  • Dil Lagan Bai (died 3 June 1809), mother of a son born on 25 November 1777;[11]
Daughters
  • Fakhr-un-Nisa Begum also known as Manjli Begum, married to Fathyab-ud-Daulah, the grandson of Khaja Hamid Khan, the uncle of Asaf Jah I;[12]
  • Sajida Begum, married to Mir Qudrut Ullah Khan, Ibrat Jung, son of Shuja-ul-Mulk;[13]
  • Naqsh Bandi Begum (died 18 November 1808, buried in Hazrat Barhana Sahib Dargah), married to Mahabat Jung;[14]
  • Basheer-un-Nisa Begum, married in 1800 to Amir-i-Kabir I, the first princess to be married in Paigah;[15]
  • Imami Begum (buried in Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad);[8]
  • A daughter married to the son of Shuja-ul-Mulk (died 23 December 1788);[16]
  • A daughter married on 5 September 1776 to Zulfiqar-ud-Daulah Bahadur, son of Basalat Jung;[17]
  • Riyaz-un-nisa Begum (died 3 June 1809), married to Khan-i-Shiraz;[18]
  • A daughter married to Dara Jah;[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Journal: Humanities. Section A., Volumes 33-36". University of Madras. 1961. p. 141.
  2. ^ Taher Mohamed (2021). Handbook of Research on the Role of Libraries, Archives, and Museums in Achieving Civic Engagement and Social Justice in Smart Cities. IGI Global. p. 110. ISBN 9781799883654.
  3. ^ History of modern Deccan, 1720/1724-1948: Volume 1
  4. ^ The Marathas 1600–1818, Band 2 by Stewart Gordon p.169
  5. ^ "Raymond's tomb languishes in neglect". The Hindu. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  6. ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (1971). History of Tipu Sultan (2nd ed.). Calcutta: THE WORLD PRESS PRIVATE LTD. p. 291.
  7. ^ Rao 1954, p. 153.
  8. ^ a b c d Bilgrami, S.A.A. (1992). Landmarks of the Deccan: A Comprehensive Guide to the Archaeological Remains of the City and Suburbs of Hyderabad. Asian Educational Services. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-81-206-0543-5.
  9. ^ a b Wilkinson, C. (2023). Empire of Influence: The East India Company and the Making of Indirect Rule. Cambridge University Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-009-31169-4.
  10. ^ Rao 1954, p. 37.
  11. ^ Rao 1954, pp. 55, 127.
  12. ^ Rao 1954, p. 20.
  13. ^ Rao 1954, pp. 32, 131.
  14. ^ Rao 1954, p. 123.
  15. ^ Rao 1954, p. 3, 7.
  16. ^ Rao 1954, p. 80.
  17. ^ Rao 1954, p. 53.
  18. ^ Rao 1954, p. 127.
  19. ^ Roychoudhury, U. (2004). White Mughals. Penguin Group. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-14-303046-1.

Bibliography

  • Rao, Ekbote Gopal (1954). The Chronology of Modern Hyderabad, 1720-1890. Central Records Office Hyderabad Government.
Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II
Preceded by Nizam of Hyderabad
8 July 1762 – 6 August 1803 		Succeeded by


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