Nicholas J. Clayton

Nicholas J. Clayton
Saint Marys Cathedral, Austin, TX
The Beach Hotel, Galveston
Bishop's Palace, postcard

Nicholas Joseph Clayton (November 1, 1840, in Cloyne, County Cork – December 9, 1916) was a prominent Victorian era architect in Galveston, Texas.

Early life

Clayton was born on November 1, 1839, in Cloyne, County Cork, Ireland. His father, also named Nicholas Joseph Clayton, died in 1848. Margaret O'Mahoney Clayton, his mother, moved from Ireland to Cincinnati the same year.[1]

Career

Clayton constructed many grand religious and public buildings in Galveston including the First Presbyterian Church (Galveston, Texas). He is also credited as the architect of Sacred Heart Catholic Church (Tampa, Florida) and of the Main Building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. He also designed an addition to St. Mary Cathedral in Galveston.[1] [2][3][4][5] [6] [7][8] [9]

Works

1873

1874

  • Ball High School, Galveston (1884, demolished)[11]
  • St. Mary's Infirmary, 701 Market Street, Galveston (1874, demolished in 1965)[12]
  • Dallas Orphan Asylum

1875

  • Seeligson House, 1208 Ball Avenue, Galveston (1875)[13]
  • Galveston County Courthouse (1875, demolished)[14]

1876

  • Burr House, 1228 Sealy Avenue, Galveston (1876)[15]

1877

  • Albert A. Van Alstyne house, 1216 Main Street, Houston (1877), demolished).[16]
  • Lovenberg House, 1412 Market Street, Galveston (1877)[17]
  • Bolton Estate Building, 2321–2323 Strand, Galveston (1877, Clayton & Lynch)[18]
  • Wallis, Landes and Company, 2411 Strand, Galveston (1877, Clayton & Lynch, only the storefront remains)[19]
  • St. Patrick's Church, 1013–1027 34th Street, Galveston (1877, Clayton & Lynch)[20]

1878

  • George Schneider and Company Building, 2101–2107 Strand Street, Galveston (1878, Clayton and Lynch)[21]
  • The John Stoddard Brown & Company Building, 2111 Strand Street, Galveston (1878, Clayton)

1879

  • Eaton Memorial Chapel, Trinity Episcopal Church, 721 22nd Street, Galveston (1879, Clayton and Lynch)[22]

1880

  • Masonic Lodge Building, Galveston (c. 1880, demolished)[23]

1882

  • Ursuline Academy, Dallas (1882, central building only, demolished in 1949)[24][25]
  • Beach Hotel (Galveston), Tremont Street at the beach (1882, destroyed by fire in 1898)[26]
  • Electric Pavilion, Galveston (1882, burned 1883)[27]
  • H. M. Trueheart & Company Building, 212 22nd Street, Galveston (1882)[28]
  • Greenleve, Block & Co. Building, 2310–2314 Strand, (1882)[29]

1883

  • Harmony Hall, Galveston (1882–1883, burned, 1928)[30]
  • W. L. Moody Building (Strand Surplus Senter), 2202–2206 Strand, Galveston (1883)[31]

1884

  • Galveston News Building, 2108 Mechanic Street, Galveston (1884)[32]
  • Ball High School, Galveston (1884, demolished)[33]
  • Sacred Heart Church, Galveston (destroyed in 1900 hurricane)[34]

1885

  • Addition to Sydnor-Heidenheimer House, Galveston[35]

1886

  • Stafford Opera House, 425 Spring Street, Columbus, Texas (1886)[36]

1887

  • Sonnentheil House, 1826 Sealy Avenue, Galveston (1887)[37]
  • Temple B'Nai Israel, 816 22nd Street, Galveston, (1887 and 1902 addition), later the Masonic Temple[38]

1888

  • Incarnate Word Academy (Houston), (1888–89 and 1899, demolished; 1905, extant)
  • St. Matthews Catholic Church (Monroe, La.)
  • St. Edward's University (Main bldg. and Holy Cross dormitory), Austin (1888)

1889

  • Rudolph Kruger House, 1628 Postoffice Street, Galveston (1889)[39]
  • Morris Lasker House, Galveston[40]

1890

  • Sacred Heart Church, Palestine, Texas (1890–1893)[1]
  • Ursuline Convent (Dallas)
  • John Sealy Hospital
  • Adoue & Lobit Bank, 2101 Strand, Galveston, aka Steele Building after 1919, aka Commerce Building after 1976[41]

1891

1892

1893

  • League House, 1710 Broadway, Galveston (1893)[43]
  • Ursuline Academy, 2600 Avenue N Galveston (1891–1894, demolished in 1962)[44]

1895

1896

  • St. Patrick's Church, Denison (1896–1898)[1]
  • Sacred Heart Cathedral, Dallas - Gothic Revival (1896–1902)[1]
  • St. Patrick's Catholic Church, 1013–1027 34th Street, Galveston (reconstructed in 1902)[46]

1905

1912

  • the dome of the second Sacred Heart Church, Galveston (1912)

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Nesbitt, Robert A.; Fox, Stephen. "Clayton, Nicholas Joseph". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  2. ^ Speck, Larry. "Old Red, University of Texas Medical School Galveston", Landmarks of Texas Architecture, (1986), University of Texas Press
  3. ^ Castillo, Juan. "St. Mary Cathedral gets a face-lift", American-Statesman, February 2, 2013
  4. ^ Wooten, Heather Green. Old Red: Pioneering Medical Education in Texas, Texas A&M University Press, 2013, ISBN 9780876112946
  5. ^ "Nicholas Joseph Clayton", Alexander Architectural Archive, University of Texas, Austin
  6. ^ "GHF and the City of Galveston Celebrate Nicholas Clayton’s 175th Birthday on November 1", Galveston Historical Foundation
  7. ^ Speck, Larry. "The Bishop's Palace", Landmarks of Texas Architecture, (1986), University of Texas Press
  8. ^ Card, Terry. "The Bishop’s Palace: Galveston’s Most Significant Building", Island Guide
  9. ^ Canright, Marsha. "Island celebrates renowned architect", Coast Monthly, October 24, 2015
  10. ^ "History". Saint Mary Cathedral. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  11. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 54.
  12. ^ Barnstone (1993), pp. 81–84.
  13. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 94.
  14. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 122.
  15. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 117.
  16. ^ Houghton, et al (1998), p. 80.
  17. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 69.
  18. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 19–20.
  19. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 19.
  20. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 175–176.
  21. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 24–25.
  22. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 53.
  23. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 156.
  24. ^ "Bosse, Paula. "Nicholas J. Clayton’s Neo-Gothic Ursuline Academy", Flaskback: Dallas
  25. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 193.
  26. ^ Barnstone (1993), pp. 117–122.
  27. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 180.
  28. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 33.
  29. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 20.
  30. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 157.
  31. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 22.
  32. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 34.
  33. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 190.
  34. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 205.
  35. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 148.
  36. ^ "1886 Stafford Opera House". Columbus Historical Preservation Trust. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  37. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 101–102.
  38. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 52.
  39. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), p. 74
  40. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 145.
  41. ^ Robinson (1981), p. 162.
  42. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 111–112.
  43. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp.113–114.
  44. ^ Barnstone (1996), pp. 180–183.
  45. ^ Henry (1993), p. 26.
  46. ^ Beasley and Fox (1996), pp. 175–176.

Bibliography

  • Barnstone, Howard (1993). The Galveston That Was (Second ed.). College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-887-1.
  • Beasley, Ellen; Fox, Stephen (1996). Galveston Architecture Guide. Houston: Rice University Press. ISBN 0-89263-346-8.
  • Henry, Jay C. (1993). Architecture in Texas, 1895–1945. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73072-1.
  • Houghton, Dorothy Knox Howe; Bradley, Barrie Scardino; Howe, Katherine S.; Blackburn, Sadie Gwin (1998). Houston’s Forgotten Heritage: Landscapes, Houses, Interiors, 1824–1914. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University. ISBN 978-1-62349-246-5.
  • Robinson, Willard B. (1981). Gone From Texas: Our Lost Architectural Heritage. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-106-9.
  • Wooten, Heather Green (2013). Old Red: Pioneering Medical Education in Texas. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9780876112946.

Further reading

  • Scardino, Barrie; Turner, Drexel (2000). Clayton's Galveston: The Architecture of Nicholas J. Clayton and His Contemporaries. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-881-0.
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