He was sentenced to two years imprisonment, and served three years and six months in re-education camps. Chí Thiện began composing poems in prison and committed them to memory. After a brief release in 1966, he was jailed again for composing politically irreverent poems. He denied the charges, and spent another eleven years and five months in labor camps.[3]
In 1977, two years after Saigonfell, Chí Thiện and other political prisoners were released to make room for defeated officers from the South Vietnamese military. Chí Thiện used his release to write down the poems he had thus far committed solely to memory.
Two days after Bastille Day, on 16 July 1979, after having been thwarted from his initial plan to enter the French embassy because of the closely guarded compound, Chí Thiện dashed into the British embassy in Hanoi with his manuscript of four hundred poems and the cover letter drafted in French as it was meant for the original destination.
British Foreign Officediplomats welcomed him and promised to send his manuscript out of the country. When he left, the Vietnamese secret police (MPS) agents were already waiting and arrested him at the embassy gate. He was imprisoned yet again, this time in the Hỏa Lò Prison (known among American POWs as the "Hanoi Hilton") for six years, then six more years at other prisons in northern Vietnam.[4]
During this imprisonment, Chí Thiện's poems which made their way to the West were translated into English by Huỳnh Sanh Thông of Yale University. The work won the International Poetry Award in Rotterdam in 1985. He was also adopted as a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International in 1986.[5] Twelve years after bringing his manuscript to the British Embassy, he was released from jail. He lived in Hanoi under close surveillance by the authorities, but his international followers also kept an eye on Thiện.
He immediately wrote Hoa Dia Nguc II, poems composed in his memory (as he was not allowed pen and paper in prison) from 1979 to 1988. They were published in bilingual editions (Vietnamese and English) then again in its Vietnamese entirety in 2006.
In 1998, Chí Thiện was awarded a fellowship from the International Parliament of Writers. He lived in France for three years, writing the Hoa Lo Stories, a prose narrative of his experiences in prison. These were translated and published in English as the Hoa Lo / Hanoi Hilton Stories by Yale Southeast Asia Studies in 2007.
Chí Thiện's original manuscript was returned to him in early 2008 by the widow of Prof. Patrick Honey of the University of London, who had shared the material with many Vietnamese exiles, but always guarded the original work.
