Callaway left Georgia in January 2007 to take the UAB head coaching position. He had not been widely linked to any other head coaching jobs, and was considered a sleeper choice by UAB. UAB was rumored to have initially offered the job to Pat Sullivan (then UAB offensive coordinator) and later to Jimbo Fisher, leading many to speculate that the UA Board of Trustees vetoed the contract offers preventing UAB from hiring more sought after coaches and instead appointing Callaway as the new head coach as a ploy to keep the program in a lower status than Alabama's own.[2]
Callaway left UAB's head coaching job on November 27, 2011, having compiled a record of 18 wins and 42 losses during his five years with the Blazers (18–42).The board blocked a proposal to fund an on-campus football field at UAB which meant players had to travel for practice, and the facilities were far from being up to par.[3]
On February 26, 2013, Callaway was hired by Western Kentucky head coach Bobby Petrino to serve as the Hilltoppers' offensive line coach.[4]
On January 4, 2016, Callaway was hired by USC.[5] On October 29, 2018, head coach Clay Helton relieved Callaway of his duties.
In 2020, he was hired by Jeff Brohm at Purdue as a senior analyst. In 2021, he was promoted to assistant offensive line coach.[6] On January 12, 2021, he retired from coaching.[7]
The retirement didn't last long though, as Callaway was announced as the offensive line coach for the Michigan Panthers of the USFL in March 2022.[8]