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Natural wine (French: vin naturel, vin nature; German: Naturwein) refers to a generalized movement among winemakers for production of wine using simple or traditional methods.^[1] Although there is no uniform definition of natural wine, it is usually produced without the use of pesticides or herbicides, with few or no additives, and limited filtration and fining. Typically, natural wine is produced on a small scale using traditional rather than industrial techniques and fermented with native yeast. In its purest form, natural wine is simply unadulterated fermented grape juice with no additives in the winemaking process. Other terms for the product include minimal-intervention, low-intervention wine, raw wine, and naked wine.^[2]

History

Some sources claim that the movement started with winemakers in the Beaujolais region of France in the 1960s. Several winemakers, namely Marcel Lapierre, Jean Foillard, Charly Thevenet, and Guy Breton, sought a return to the way their grandparents made wine, before the incursion of pesticides and synthetic chemicals that had become so prevalent in agriculture after the end of World War II. They became affectionately known as The Gang of Four.^[3] They were heavily influenced by the teachings and thoughts of Jules Chauvet and Jacques Neauport,^[4] two oenologists who studied ways to make wines with fewer additives. For quite some time the town of Villié-Morgon became a place for like minded winemakers to congregate and become influenced by the Gang of Four. Gradually this movement spread to other regions of France, and since has spread across the world, gradually gaining in popularity and attracting newer younger winemakers in more and more regions of the world.

Historically, natural wine has been connected to the German Lebensreform movement, where it gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.^[5]

In the end of 19th century prominent Georgian poet and politician, Ilia Chavchavadze penned a series of articles responding to contemporary critics of “backward” natural winemaking practices, later collected and published under the title “Georgian Winemaking.” Some of famous quotes from the letters of Chavchavadze are: ..."The true purpose of winemaking, its beginning and end, is to make wine naturally, following the process by which nature itself transforms grape juice into wine"..."The primary virtue of every kind of food or drink must be to benefit the body, and not to harm it. Can transforming grape juice through artificial adulterants really be so attractive as to justify dispensing with our way of winemaking, which is focused on purity, on ensuring that the juice is not damaged by any additives, and on preserving the wine’s own natural character?"^[6]^[7]

References

^ Cogliati, Samuel (2016). Understanding Natural Wines. Possibilia Editore. ISBN 9788898753178.
^ "Natural wine, explained". vox.com. June 10, 2019.
^ "The Origins of Natural Wine: A Conversation with Camille Lapierre and Jean Foillard - Grapecollective.com". grapecollective.com. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^ "Chauvet, Neauport and Natural Wines". The Feiring Line. Archived from the original on 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^ "What is Natural Wine". masallawines.com. November 21, 2022.
^ "Natural Wine Is Not a Fad: What a prominent Georgian from the 1800s can tell us about a centuries-old debate – Georgian Wine House | Home of GEORGIA ReWINED". 28 April 2020. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
^ "ღვინის ქართულად დაყენება - ილია ჭავჭავაძე". www.lit.ge. Retrieved 2023-02-22.

Bibliography

Feiring, Alice (2008). The battle for wine and love : or how I saved the world from parkerization. Orlando: Harcourt. ISBN 9780151012862. OCLC 166255209.
Feiring, Alice (2011). Naked wine: letting grapes do what comes naturally. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306819537. OCLC 701015445.
Fukuoka, Masanobu. The One Straw Revolution
Alonso González, Pablo; Eva, Parga Dans (2017). "Book review "Vinos naturales en España: placer auténtico y agricultura sostenible en la copa"". Rivar.
Alonso González, Pablo; Eva, Parga Dans (2020). "Natural wine: do consumers know what it is, and how natural it really is?". Journal of Cleaner Production. 251.
Gómez Pallarès, Joan (2013). Vinos naturales en España : placer auténtico y agricultura sostenible en la copa. Barcelona: RBA. ISBN 9788415541929. OCLC 889927381.
Goode, Jamie; Harrop, Sam (2011). Authentic wine : toward natural and sustainable winemaking. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520949690. OCLC 750192350.
Joly, Nicolas (1999). Wine from sky to earth : growing & appreciating biodynamic wine. Austin, Tex.: Acres U.S.A. ISBN 0911311602. OCLC 42464650.
Legeron, Isabelle; Kingcome, Gavin; Zinonos, Anthony (2014-07-10). West, Caroline (ed.). Natural wine : an introduction to organic and biodynamic wines made naturally. London. ISBN 9781782491002. OCLC 884370524.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Matthews, Patrick (2000). Real wine : the rediscovery of natural winemaking. London: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 1840002573. OCLC 44562104.
Natural wine: do consumers know what it is, and how natural it really is?, by Eva Parga Dans y Pablo Alonso González. [1]
Why consumers drink natural wine? Consumer perception and information about natural wine, by Riccardo Vecchio, Anunziata Azzurra, Eva Parga Dans y Pablo Alonso González. [2]
Certification of Natural Wine: Policy Controversies and Future Prospects by Eva Parga Dans, Rosana Fuentes y Pablo Alonso [3]
A Certification for Natural Wine? A Comparative Analysis of Consumer Drivers in Italy and Spain by Riccardo Vecchio, Anunziata Azzurra, Eva Parga Dans, Raimundo Otero y Pablo Alonso González [4]
Natural versus conventional production of Spanish white wines: an exploratory study [5]
Drivers of consumer willingness to pay for sustainable wines: natural, biodynamic, and organic. by Riccardo Vecchio, Anunziata Azzurra, Eva Parga Dans, Raimundo Otero y Pablo Alonso González. [6]