Decision on creation of the institute with dual subordination to the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ministry of Emergencies was adopted on 29 December 1995. On 4 January 1996 a joint order of the academy and the Ministry was signed by Borys Paton and Volodymyr Kholosha (acting minister) on creation of the State science center of Surrounding Environment Radiation- and Geochemistry based on two departments of the NASU Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Ore-creation (Department of surrounding environment radiation- and geochemistry and Department of metallogeny).
On 12 July 2000 the center was renamed as the NASU Institute of [Surrounding] Environment Geochemistry.
In 2012 the Ministry of Emergencies was liquidated (degraded to a state service under Ministry of Internal Affairs).