Mihail Ciachir

Mihail Ciachir
Born	May 9, 1861 Ceadîr-Lunga
Died	September 8, 1938 Chișinău
Occupation	priest, ethnographer, grammarian, poet
Nationality	Gagauz

Mihail Ciachir (also spelled Çakir; April 27, 1861, Ceadîr-Lunga (Bessarabia) - September 8, 1938, Chișinău) was a protoiereus and educator in the Gagauz language, and first publisher of Gagauz books in the former Russian Empire.

Biography

Mihail Ciachir was born on April 27, 1861, in the Bessarabian village of Ceadîr-Lunga, in a Gagauz deacon family.

Ciachir studied at the Theological Seminary of Chișinău. After graduation, he taught at a men's theological school. Three years later, he was elected Chairman of the Chișinău School Board.

In 1896, he appealed to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Empire for permission to print books in the Moldovan language. This was granted provided the Moldovan text appeared parallel to the Russian.^[1]

From 1901, Ciachir published several books on Moldovan grammar, and tutorials on Russian language and grammar. His textbook to help Moldovans learn Russian went through three editions in fourteen years.^[1]

In 1904, Ciachir appealed to the Synod of the Eastern Orthodox Church to permit him to publish religious literature in the Gagauz language.^[1] Three years later, he released in Gagauz translation selected passages from the Old Testament, as well as the Gospel of St. Matthew.^[2] He was called the Apostle of the printed language by Gagauz contemporaries.

After 1918, when Bessarabia became part of the Kingdom of Romania, Ciachir initiated the transition of Gagauz writing from the previous Cyrillic to the Latin script.^[1] In 1924, he joined the leadership of the Alexander Nevsky Brotherhood of the Eastern Orthodox Church to coordinate the struggle against the Romanianisation of Bessarabia.^[3]

Ciachir was in touch with Atatürk and presented a copy of his book The History of the Gagauz of Bessarabia to him.^[4] Atatürk also provided several Turkish books and teachers to Gagauz people through Ciachir in order to prevent their assimilation.^[5]

Ciachir worked for the Romanian magazine Viața Basarabiei between 1933 and 1934. In 1934, he published in the Gagauz language The History of the Gagauz of Bessarabia,^[6] and two years later, Wedding Ceremonies of the Gagauz. These two books established his ethnographic credentials.

In 1938, Ciachir published his Gagauz-Romanian dictionary.

Ciachir died in 1938 following a short illness, and was buried in the Chișinău Central Cemetery on Armenian Street.

Acclaim

Although Mihail Ciachir was not a professionally trained researcher, the value of his contributions to history and Gagauz tradition cannot be overestimated. Modern Gagauz researchers depend on his works, and while reinterpreting them, continue to treasure them as a valuable source for investigations carried out in a comparative historical perspective.^[7]

Besides the literary and historical impact of Ciachir, his role in defining the Gagauz nationhood is lauded, in particular his spiritual and moral leadership of the Gagauz people.^[8] Indeed, for his attempts at a liturgical Gagauz, he is referred to as the Cyril and Methodius of his people, and celebrated throughout the province of Gagauzia today.^[9]

The Governor of Gagauzia Mihail Formuzal declared 2011 the Year of Ciachir.

Works

• Bucoavna, 1900
• Rusesc și moldovenesc cuvântelnic, 1907
• Agiutorid moldovenilor în vremea învățăturii limbii rusească, 1911
• Dicționar găgăuzo (turco) român, 1938

References

1. "ПРОТОИЕРЕЙ МИХАИЛ ЧАКИР (1861-1938)". Gagauzy. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
2. "Вышел из печати первый полный перевод на гагаузский язык всех 27 книг Нового Завета (на кириллице и латинице), изданный Институтом перевода Библии" (in Russian). Институт перевода Библии. May 27, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
3. Stratulat, Nikita (2010). Православная Церковь в Молдавии в контексте истории молдавско-румынских межцерковных отношений в XX веке (PDF) (Thesis). St Petersburg Orthodox Theological Academy. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
4. Grigoriadis, Ioannis N.; Shahin, Evgeniia (2020). "Between Ethnic Group and Nation : Mihail Cakir's history of the Gagauz" (PDF). East European Politics and Societies and Cultures. XX: 10. Çakir handed a copy of his "History of the Bessarabian gagauz" as a present to Mustafa Kemal atatürk and received an invitation to Turkey to meet the president, though the visit never took place.
5. Bulut, Remzi. "The Economic and Political Structure of Gagauzian Turks". Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Economics: 62. He was also in touch with Mikhail Cakir who was a scientist of Gagauz Turks in religion and history. In order not to forget Gagauzian language, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk sent 80 primary school teachers.
6. Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont; Angel Pino; Samaha Khoury (2005). D'un Orient l'autre: actes des troisièmes Journées de l'Orient, Bordeaux, 2 - 4 Octobre 2002. Peeters Publishers. p. 261. ISBN 978-90-429-1537-4. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
7. Nikoglo, D.E. "Очерки протоиерея Михаила Чакира в контексте современных исследований по гагаузоведению". Retrieved July 7, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
8. Kapaló, James A. (2011). Text, Context and Performance: Gagauz Folk Religion in Discourse and Practice. Brill. p. 72. ISBN 978-90-04-19799-2. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
9. Pyrah, Robert; Turda, Marius (2010). Re-contextualising East Central European history: nation, culture and minority groups. Legenda. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-906540-87-6. Retrieved July 7, 2013.