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Melquíades Álvarez
Melquíades Álvarez
Born	Melquíades Álvarez Gónzalez-Posada; 17 May 1864; Gijón, Spain
Died	22 August 1936 (aged 72); Cárcel Modelo, Madrid, Second Spanish Republic
Cause of death	Execution by shooting
Alma mater	University of Oviedo
Occupation(s)	Politician, lawyer, journalist

Melquíades Álvarez Gónzalez-Posada (17 May 1864 - 22 August 1936) was a Spanish Republican politician, founder and leader of the Reformist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Reformista), commonly known just as Reformist Party and President of the Congress of Deputies between 1922 and 1923.

Biography

He studied Law at the University of Oviedo (Asturias) and collaborated with Asturian liberal newspapers. He was friend of the famous writer Clarín and he started working as a lawyer in Oviedo.

In 1898 he was elected to the Congress as Liberal candidate and was appointed Professor of Roman Law at the University of Oviedo. In 1899, he turned into Republican and in 1906 he was elected Republican congressman. He was one of the organizers of the Liberal Block in 1908 against the Conservative Prime Minister Antonio Maura and of the Republican-Socialist Conjunction in 1909. In 1912, he founded with Gumersindo de Azcárate and José Ortega y Gasset the Reformist Party and the League for the Spanish Political Education. In the 1914 elections, 11 Reformist congressmen were elected. It had also a great success in the municipal elections in Asturias. During the Second Republic he founded the Democratic Liberal Republican Party (Partido Republicano Liberal Democrático), but its electoral results were poor: two deputies in 1932 and ten in 1933, when they supported the right-wing government backed by the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA).

After the beginning of the Civil War, anarchist militias imprisoned and killed him in the Cárcel Modelo. Following the murder of Alvarez together with other political prisoners, President Azaña is said to have cried; Indalecio Prieto predicted the fall of the Republican government: "with this brutality we have lost the war."^[1]^[2]

Among the various efforts and commitments that Melquíades Álvarez developed or launched throughout his life, the creation in Asturias of athenæums and popular libraries can be highlighted, following the spirit and example proposed by different pedagogues to make "education available to workers". Melquiades has different named streets in Oviedo, Gijón, La Felguera, Madrid, Leganés and Tomelloso.

In the few decades up to 2021, over twenty books and academic studies were published about Álvarez's political life.^[3]

References

^ Francisco M. Balado Insunza (2021). "Álvarez-Buylla Ballesteros, Manuel: Entre la ciencia del Derecho y el arte de la política. Melquíades Álvarez, jurisconsulto". Espacio, Tiempo y Forma (in Spanish) (33). Madrid: Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la UNED: 270. doi:10.5944/etfv.33.2021.30601. ISSN 1130-0124. Retrieved 26 August 2022. el cobarde asesinato de Melquíades al comienzo de la Guerra Civil, en aquel agosto madrileño de infausto recuerdo para todos, tras el que Azaña dicen que lloró e Indalecio Prieto sentenció la derrota de la República tras un solo mes de conflicto
^ Redondo 1993, p. 43.
^ José Luis Agudín Menéndez (4 September 2021). "ABOGADO Y NADA MÁS QUE ABOGADO:MELQUÍADES ÁLVAREZ, JURISCONSULTO" [LAWYER AND NOTHING BUT LAWYER: MELQUÍADES ÁLVAREZ, JURISCONSULT]. Historia Constitucional (in Spanish) (22). Spain: Universidad de Oviedo: 1107. doi:10.17811/hc.v0i22.720. ISSN 1576-4729. Retrieved 26 August 2022. La trayectoria política del tribuno gijonés Melquíades Álvarez ha sido merecedora a lo largo de estas últimas décadas de más de una veintena de libros, artículos académicos y capítulos de obras colectivas.

Alvarez-Buylla, Manuel: Melquíades Alvarez, "Above all a lawyer" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv2t6Tov_bY&t=934s

Bibliography

Álvarez, Melquíades: Antología de discursos (prepared by José Girón Garrote), Oviedo: Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 2000
Añigo, Luis: "Melquíades Álvarez, ¿eterno equivocado?", Cuadernos Republicanos, 37 (1999), pp. 85–100
García Venero, Maximiano: Melquíades Álvarez: historia de un liberal, Madrid: Tebas, 1974 (2nd edition)
Íñigo, Luis: Melquíades Álvarez: un liberal en la Segunda República, Oviedo: Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 2000
Redondo, Gonzalo (1993). Historia de la Iglesia en España, 1931–1939: La Guerra Civil, 1936–1939. Madrid: Rialp. ISBN 84-321-3016-8.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Suárez, Manuel: "Melquíades Álvarez y la democracia liberal en España", in Moreno, Javier (coord.): Progresistas: biografías de reformistas españoles, Madrid: Taurus, 2006, pp. 233–270