William Doberck [sv] using the refracting telescope at Markree Observatory
Markree Observatory was an astronomical observatory in County Sligo, Ireland.[1][2][3] The asteroid 9 Metis was discovered from this observatory in 1848 by Cooper's assistant Andrew Graham using a comet seeker telescope.[4][2]
The observatory was also home to the largest refractor of the early 1830s, which had a 13.3-inch (340 mm) aperture Cauchoix of Paris lens; the largest in the world at that time. The observatory also housed a number of instruments and was operated to varying degrees throughout the 19th century.
The observatory is noted for its discovery of the asteroid 9 Metis in 1848 as well as a 60,000 item star catalogue of the 1850s.[5] In the later 1800s it was operated again after a brief hiatus, and gained note for its meteorological observations and research on double stars.[5]
In 1831 Cooper acquired from Robert A. Cauchoix of Paris an objective of 13.3-inches (~33.78 cm) for which he paid £1200. In 1834 he mounted the lens on an equatorial mounting supplied by Thomas Grubb of Dublin.[6]
For a number of years Cooper's big refractor was the largest in the world. He used the telescope to sketch Halley's comet in 1835 and to view the solar eclipse of 15 May 1836.[7]
Later a 5-foot (1.5m) transit and a 3-foot (0.9m) meridian circle, fitted with an interchangeable 7-inch (17.75 cm) glass were added, which was the largest at that time in 1839; also in 1842 a 3-inch comet seeker was added.[1][2][3]
"The Observatory of Mr Cooper of Markree Castle – undoubtedly the most richly furnished private observatory known – is worked with great activity by Mr Cooper himself and by his very able assistant, Mr Andrew Graham." (Royal Astronomical Society, 1851)[9]
In 1848, Cooper's assistant, Andrew Graham, discovered the asteroid9 Metis with a wide-field comet seeker telescope manufactured by Ertel. Graham resigned his post at Markree in 1860, but continued his research at Cambridge Observatory until his retirement in 1905. E.J. Cooper died in 1863, but the observatory remained active until the death of Edward Henry Cooper MP in 1902.
The 13+ inch Cauchoix
The Cauchoix telescope was installed inside a circular wall, but it had no dome or roof over it.[8] The enclosure has a diameter of 16-feet across.[8]
The telescope mounting was made by Grubb of Dublin.[5] (Grubb would make telescopes for a century and half, later known as Grubb-Parsons)
The telescope objective was doublet with 13.3 inches of aperture and 25 feet focal length.[10]
The Grubb mounting had a clockwork drive and weighed almost 2.4 metric tons (2.6 US tons), which rested on a limestone pillar.[10]
The lens was ground by Cauchoix of Paris using glass blanks by Guinand.[11] The 13.3 inch lens was completed in 1831.[11]
Pierre-Louis Guinand (defr) (20 April 1748, La Sagne — 13 February 1824, Les Brenets[12][13][14][15][16][17]) was a Swiss[18][19][20][21][22] who in the late 1700s came up with a breakthrough for making better quality and larger glass, and in time went on to teach a young Fraunhofer at Joseph von Utzschneider's (1763-1840[23]) glassworks, and eventually started his own optical glass works.[24] Guinand would supply glass for the Paris Observatory telescopes and also Cauchoix.[24]
^Johnson, Kevin L. (7 February 2002). Bingham, Richard G; Walker, David D (eds.). "Historical challenge of large lenses". Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Large Lenses and Prisms. 4411: 147. Bibcode:2002SPIE.4411..147J. doi:10.1117/12.454883. S2CID140636136. SPIE Proceedings (Large Lenses and Prisms - London, United Kingdom Tuesday 27 March 2001)
^Rastogi, Pramod K. (1 July 1995). "Guest Editorial: Special Section on Optics in Switzerland, Part 1: Federal Institutes of Technology". Optical Engineering. 34 (7): 1863. doi:10.1117/12.214186. One of the first Swiss known to have endeavored in optics production, Pierre-Louis Guinand (1748—1824) was an amateur telescope maker. He was born in La Sagne in the state of Neuchâtel. As good quality flint glass was difficult to obtain at the time, Guinand put himself to the task of producing it. After painstaking searches and trials, he succeeded in producing flawless flint glass of large dimensions.
^
Reynier, Édouard (1824). "Notice sur feu M. Guinand, opticien". Bibliothèque Universelle des Sciences, Belles Lettres, et Arts (in French). 25 (9). Geneva, Paris: Bibliotheque Universelle: 142–158, 227–236. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
^"Golden Era of Refractors". A Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology. Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 18 December 2021. Between 1784 and 1790, Pierre Louis Guinand, a Swiss craftsman, taught himself the basic skills of glassmaking and began to experiment with optical glass.
