Clark Collins, Mark Mallory, Guy McCord, Dallas Ross and Maxine Reynolds
Dallas McCord "Mack" Reynolds (November 11, 1917 – January 30, 1983) was an American science fiction writer. His pen names included Dallas Ross, Mark Mallory, Clark Collins, Dallas Rose, Guy McCord, Maxine Reynolds, Bob Belmont, and Todd Harding.[1][2] His work focused on socioeconomic speculation, usually expressed in thought-provoking explorations of utopian societies from a radical, sometime satiric perspective. He was a popular author from the 1950s to the 1970s, especially with readers of science fiction and fantasy magazines.[2][3]
Reynolds was born in Corcoran, California, the second of four children of Verne La Rue Reynolds and Pauline McCord. When the family moved to Baltimore in 1918, his father joined the Socialist Labor Party (SLP) so that from an early age Reynolds was raised to accept the tenets of Marxism and socialism. ("I was born into a Marxian Socialist family. I am the child who, at the age of five or six, said to his parent, 'Mother, who is Comrade Jesus Christ?' —for I had never met anyone in that household who wasn't called Comrade.")[4] In 1935, while still in high school in Kingston, New York, Reynolds joined the SLP and became an active advocate of the party's goals. The following year, he toured the country with his father giving lectures and speeches, and became recognized as a significant force in advocating the SLP.[3]
After graduating from high school, Reynolds worked as a reporter for the Catskill Morning Star from 1937–38 and as editor of the weekly Oneonta News from 1939–40. In 1937, he married his first wife, Evelyn Sandell, with whom he had three children, Emil, La Verne, and Dallas Mack Jr. From 1940 to 1943 Reynolds worked for IBM at the San Pedro, California Shipyards. He also worked actively as an organizer for the SLP, campaigning with SLP presidential candidate John W. Aiken in 1940. After attending the U.S. Army Marine Officer's Cadet School and the U.S. Marine Officer's School, he joined the U.S. Army Transportation Corps in 1944 and was stationed in the Philippines as a ship's navigator until 1945. Upon returning home from the Corps, Reynolds learned that Evelyn had become involved with another man. They divorced and she took their children with her.[3]
From 1946–49, Reynolds worked as a national organizer for the SLP.[5] In 1946, he made his first fiction sale, "What is Courage?", to Esquire magazine. A year later, he met a woman who shared his radical politics, Helen Jeanette Wooley. They were married in September 1947, and Jeanette agreed to support Reynolds for two years while he pursued a career as a writer for the detective pulps. After searching for a place with a low cost of living, they moved to Taos, New Mexico, where Reynolds met science fiction writers Walt Sheldon and Fredric Brown. Brown, later one of Reynolds' frequent collaborators, convinced Reynolds to shift from writing detective stories to writing science fiction. Reynolds' first sale of a science fiction story, "Last Warning" (also known as "The Galactic Ghost"), sold to Planet Stories in June 1949 but was not printed until 1954. His first published science fiction story, "Isolationist" appeared in Fantastic Adventures in June 1950.[3] His career soon took off, resulting in a sale of 18 stories in 1950 alone.[1] In 1951, he published his first novel, The Case of the Little Green Men, a mix of the murder-mystery and science fiction genres that became "an instant classic of science-fiction-fan related fiction."[6]
In 1953, the Reynoldses moved to San Miguel de Allende, in Guanajuato, Mexico, where they lived for only eighteen months before embarking on a journey through Europe and the East that lasted almost ten years and included stays in Greece, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Morocco, Spain, Eastern Europe, Finland, India, Japan, and Hong Kong. In 1955, Reynolds became a correspondent for Rogue magazine and began making money writing about his travels as well as from his science fiction stories, whose socioeconomic speculations now reflected the insights gained from his encounters with other cultures.[7] In 1958, he became a choice writer for John W. Campbell's Astounding Science Fiction, remaining its "most prolific contributor" for the next ten years.[8] The same year, the publication of How to Retire without Money, to which Reynolds contributed under the byline Bob Belmont, led the National Executive Committee of the SLP to charge Reynolds with "supporting the fraudulent claims of capitalist apologists, viz, that capitalism offers countless opportunities to those who are 'alert'"[9] and caused Reynolds to resign his membership from the SLP.[3]
The 1960s saw some of Reynolds' best work, including the short stories "Revolution," "Combat," "Freedom," "Subversive," and "Mercenary" (which became the first installment of the Joe Mauser series), the Homer Crawford serials "Black Man's Burden" and "Border, Breed nor Birth," and the novellas "Adaptation," "Ultima Thule" (both part of the United Planet series), and "Status Quo" (a Hugo nominee). In 1963, he published The Expatriates, a mix of travel memories and autobiographical material emphasizing the benefits of living outside the United States.[6] From 1961–64, Reynolds, at the request of his agent, wrote five sex novels: Episode on the Riviera, A Kiss before Loving, This Time We Love, The Kept Woman, and The Jet Set.
In 1965, the Reynolds returned to San Miguel de Allende to live.[3] Their house on Nuñez 32 soon became a familiar haunt of the artistic community, often frequented by renowned authors.[10] While Reynolds continued to write and sell science fiction stories, by 1969 his sales began to decline and several of his novels were held back during a takeover of Ace Books in 1970 and not published until 1975.[8] During this difficult period of his life, Reynolds wrote two romance novels, The House in the Kasbah and The Home of the Inquisitor, under the byline Maxine Reynolds.[6] He also began his most ambitious undertaking, a series of stories envisioning life in the year 2000.[5]Looking Backward from the Year 2000 and Equality: In the Year 2000 updated and critiqued the socialist utopias created by Edward Bellamy in Looking Backward: 2000-1887 and Equality,[11] which had helped shape Reynolds' radical worldview at an early age.[3]Commune 2000 A.D., The Towers of Utopia, and Rolltown and the Lagrangia series explored marginal utopian colonies on earth and in space, respectively.[3] In 1976, the short story collection The Best of Mack Reynolds was published.[2]
By the end of the 1970s, Reynolds was having trouble getting his manuscripts published. One month before his death in 1983, as he was recuperating from cancer surgery, his new agent negotiated a contract with Tor Books. By 1986, eleven of his books had been published posthumously, five of them revised and co-authored by Dean Ing, and two more by Michael A. Banks. The New England Science Fiction Association, which had invited Reynolds to be its Guest of Honor at Boskone XX (February 1983), published the collection Compounded Interests to be released as part of his appearance, but Reynolds died three weeks before the convention. In it, Reynolds identifies his Star Trek novel Mission to Horatius as his "bestseller."[3]
Major themes
While Reynolds' fiction spans an array of science fiction elements including time travel, alien visitation, world computers, Amazonian cultures, and intergalactic spy adventures, his radical interrogation of socioeconomic systems sets him apart from other science fiction writers.[12] Accordingly, many of Reynolds' original contributions to science fiction exist in the form of sociological predictions, some of which have come to pass: the credit-card economy, a worldwide computer network with information available at one's fingertips, a "Common Europe," a basic guaranteed income for every citizen, mobile cities, or global societies with a universal religion and an Esperanto-based common language.[3]
Alternative socio-economic systems
Reynolds sought to shake his readers' complacent acceptance of Cold War capitalism by depicting a variety of post-capitalist near futures, many of which he envisioned could occur around the year 2000. His stories, therefore, cover an assortment of social systems including anarchy, communism, technocracy, syndicalism, meritocracy, various forms of socialism, and an extrapolation of free-enterprise economics, People's Capitalism.[3][13] In addition, some of his stories set up a rivalry between a collective and a competitive economy in order to assess their respective merits, sometimes coming to the conclusion that they cannot be compared except for their imperialistic aims, as in the novella Adaptation, while at other times both systems are revealed to be equally decadent and stagnant, as in the Joe Mauser story "Frigid Fracas".[3] Reynolds' novella "Radical Center" (1967) – portraying radical centrism as a conspiracy of the powerful to render ordinary citizens non-judgmental and apathetic – became the lead story in a university textbook, American Government Through Science Fiction.[14]
Trouble in Utopia
Reynolds has been called a "cautious,"[11] "critical,"[15] or "ambiguous"[3] Utopian writer because his many explorations of ideal societies, such as his updates of Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward: 2000-1887 and Equality, focus as much on Utopia's dilemmas as on its benefits. Typically, Reynolds' Utopias are worlds of almost complete industrial automation so that no one needs to work, everyone lives in security thanks to a guaranteed basic income, and those who volunteer for the few jobs left are chosen via a quantitative ability test.[11] At the same time, the population's very life of leisure has led to species stasis by discouraging the continual striving that gives humanity its purpose[15] as in the story "Utopian," or the Utopian welfare state has metamorphosed into a caste society where those in power aim to keep it, blocking for its other members the opportunity to exert themselves to the full extent of their abilities, as in the Joe Mauser series.
The continuous revolution
Reynolds' heroes usually seek to improve their societies by direct revolutionary action. Sometimes their revolution is meant to advance a people's level of civilization, as in the case of the North Africa series; sometimes it aims to upset a Utopian society where, while there is no want, inequality, or conflict, there is also no sense of purpose, as in the novel After Utopia,[15] or possibility of social mobility, as in the Joe Mauser series. Usually, once a revolution has succeeded in subverting the status quo, another revolution follows and subverts it, as in the story "Black Sheep Astray," giving the impression that social change is as endless as it is progressive.[3]
^Reynolds, Mack. "What Do You Mean—Marxism?" Science Fiction Studies #4 (Fall 1974)
^ abManousos, Anthony. "Mack Reynolds." Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 8: Twentieth-Century American Science Fiction Writers. Part 2: M-Z. Ed. David Cowart and Thomas L. Wymer. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981. 85–88. ISBN0810309181 (10). ISBN9780810309180 (13). Print.
^ abcKemp, Earl. "Revisiting The Expatriates: A Capricious Chronology." eI43 8.2. (April 2009). Web. Text available at eFanzines.com.
^Dziemianowicz, Stefan. "Mack Reynolds." Guide to Literary Masters and Their Works (2007): 1. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web.
^ abStableford, Brian. "The Utopian Dream Revisited: Socioeconomic Speculation in the SF of Mack Reynolds." Foundation 16 (May 1979). Print. Reprinted in Outside the Human Aquarium: Masters of Science Fiction. Rockville, MD: Wildside LLC, 2008. ISBN0893704571 (10). ISBN978-0893704575 (13).
^N.E.C. Reports. National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party. State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1959; quoted in Smith 20.
^Kemp, Earl. "Nuñez 32." eI43 8.2. (April 2009). Web. Text available at eFanzines.com.
^Pohl, Frederik. "Dallas McCord 'Mack' Reynolds (1917—1983)." eI43 8.2. (April 2009). Web. Text available at eFanzines.com.
^Reynolds, Mack. "Afterword". Foundation 16 (May 1979): 54–55. Print.
^Reynolds, Mack (1967). "Radical Center". Reprinted in Olander, Joseph D.; Greenberg, Martin H.; Warrick, Patricia (1974). American Government Through Science Fiction. Foreword by Frederik Pohl. Rand McNally College Publishing Co., pp. 14–42. ISBN978-0-528-65902-7.
^ abcJames, Edward. "Utopias and Anti-utopias". The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. 219–229. ISBN0521016576 (10).ISBN978-0521016575 (13). Print.
O estreito de Dover ou passo de Calais Vista da costa inglesa a partir do cabo Gris-Nez, Pas-de-Calais, França O Estreito de Dover é o estreito situado na parte do Canal da Mancha em que a Grã-Bretanha está mais próxima do continente europeu. Essa menor distância é de 33 km, entre South Foreland, a 3 km a nordeste de Dover, no condado de Kent, Inglaterra, até ao cabo Gris Nez, um cabo próximo de Calais, no departamento de Pas-de-Calais, em França. Entre os dois pontos esta...
Опис файлу Опис Це графік експоненціальної функції та її апроксімації многочленом Тейлора 4-го порядку Джерело https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taylorspolynomialexbig.svg Час створення October 2007 Автор зображення Alessio Damato Ліцензія Дозвіл: Ліцензійну угоду можна знайти онлайн за адреою: https://commons.wiki...
Bài chi tiết: Tỉnh trưởng Chính phủ Nhân dân Bài viết này là một phần của loạt bài vềChính trị Trung QuốcCộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa Lãnh đạo Trung Quốc Thế hệ Lãnh đạo Hiến pháp Trung Quốc Lãnh đạo Tối cao Mao Trạch Đông (1949–1976) Hoa Quốc Phong (1976–1978) Đặng Tiểu Bình (1978–1997) Giang Trạch Dân (1997–2002) Hồ Cẩm Đào (2002–2012) Tập Cận Bình (từ 2012) Tổng Bí th...
2022 film directed by Andrew Ahn Fire IslandOfficial release posterDirected byAndrew AhnScreenplay byJoel Kim BoosterProduced by John Hodges Brooke Posch Tony Hernandez Starring Joel Kim Booster Bowen Yang Conrad Ricamora James Scully Margaret Cho CinematographyFelipe Vara de ReyEdited byBrian A. KatesMusic byJay WadleyProductioncompanyJax MediaDistributed bySearchlight Pictures[a]Release date June 3, 2022 (2022-06-03) Running time105 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguage...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يناير 2019) براد فريمان تريل تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة التقسيم الأعلى كاليفورنيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل براد فريمان تريل منطقة تقع إدارياً ضمن كاليف...
English folk music group The Wilson FamilyThe Wilson Family in concert with Sting, The Public Theater, New York City, October 2013Background informationOriginBillingham, County Durham, EnglandGenresFolkYears active1974 (1974)–presentMembersPat WilsonTom WilsonChris WilsonSteve WilsonKen WilsonMike WilsonWebsitethewilsonfamilyalbum.co.uk The Wilson Family is an English folk music group from Billingham, County Durham, North East England. They have been singing and performing a cappella f...
1997 American filmSundayTheatrical release posterDirected byJonathan NossiterWritten byJames LasdunJonathan NossiterStarringDavid SuchetLisa HarrowRelease dates January 1997 (1997-01) (Sundance) August 22, 1997 (1997-08-22) (U.S.) Running time91 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Sunday is a 1997 independent film directed by Jonathan Nossiter. Set in Queens, a borough of New York City, it is a dark comedy about an unemployed, homeless IBM functionary m...
Protected area in New York, US Stream and forest at Happy Valley Wildlife Management Area in Oswego County, New York. View of Lakeview Pond within Lakeview Wildlife Management Area New York State Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are conservation areas managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) primarily for the benefit of wildlife, and used extensively by the public for hunting, fishing, and trapping. As of 2016, the NYSDEC owns and maintains 113 WMAs, wit...
Las Vegas Motor SpeedwaySuperspeedway at LVMS所在地ネバダ州クラーク郡収容人数142,000所有者Speedway Motorsports, Inc.住所Las Vegas Motor Speedway7000 Las Vegas Blvd. N.Las Vegas, Nevada 89115オープン1971主なイベントNASCAR スプリントカップ・シリーズKobalt Tools 400NASCAR ネイションワイド・シリーズSam's Town 300NASCAR キャンピングワールド・トラックシリーズSmith's 350NHRA Full Throttle Drag Racing SeriesSummitRacing.com N...
1907 controversial fantasy-horror poem by George Sterling, and involvement of Ambrose Bierce, others A Wine of Wizardryby George SterlingA Wine of Wizardry and Other Poems, first edition, first stateWritten1903–1904First published in1907Cover artistHerman George ScheffauerCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSubject(s)imaginationGenre(s)fantasy, horror A Wine of Wizardry is a fantasy-horror poem written by George Sterling in 1903 and 1904. When the poem was first published in Cosmopolitan mag...
Municipality in Flemish Community, BelgiumBerlaarMunicipalityPersonnel houses of Gestelhof Castle FlagCoat of armsLocation of Berlaar BerlaarLocation in Belgium Location of Berlaar in the province of Antwerp Coordinates: 51°07′N 04°39′E / 51.117°N 4.650°E / 51.117; 4.650Country BelgiumCommunityFlemish CommunityRegionFlemish RegionProvinceAntwerpArrondissementMechelenGovernment • MayorWalter Horemans (CD&V) • Governing party...
Polish jazz pianist and composer Leszek MożdżerLeszek Możdżer, 2023Background informationBirth nameLesław MożdżerBorn (1971-03-23) March 23, 1971 (age 52)Gdańsk, PolandGenresJazz, YassOccupation(s)Musician, composerInstrument(s)PianoLabelsOutside MusicWebsitemozdzer.comMusical artist Leszek Możdżer in 2011 Leszek Możdżer (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlɛʂɛk ˈmɔʐd͡ʐɛr] born Lesław Henryk Możdżer, 23 March 1971, Gdańsk) is a Polish jazz pianist, music producer and ...
2006 video gameSecret Files: TunguskaDeveloper(s)Fusionsphere SystemsAnimation ArtsPublisher(s)Deep SilverDesigner(s)Jörg BeilschmidtKlaus SchnohrArtist(s)Stephan HoffmannChristian FisherWriter(s)Marco ZeugnerComposer(s)DynamedionSeriesSecret FilesPlatform(s)Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, Wii, iOS, Android, Wii U, Nintendo SwitchReleaseMicrosoft WindowsGER: 4 September 2006AU: 28 September 2006EU: 29 September 2006NA: 30 October 2006Nintendo DS, WiiGER: 25 April 2008EU: 23 May 2008NA: 22 Ju...
Manchester Metrolink tram stop Not to be confused with Exchange Quay tram stop. Exchange SquareMetrolink stationExchange Square tram stop on the day of opening.General informationLocationExchange Square, ManchesterEnglandCoordinates53°29′04″N 2°14′33″W / 53.4844°N 2.2426°W / 53.4844; -2.2426Grid referenceSJ839986Line(s)City CentrePlatforms2 (island)Other informationStatusIn operationFare zone1HistoryOpened6 December 2015; 8 years ago (2015...
For other people named Frank Marsh, see Frank Marsh (disambiguation). Frank Lewis MarshBorn(1899-10-18)October 18, 1899Aledo, IllinoisDiedJuly 14, 1992(1992-07-14) (aged 92)NationalityAmericanEducationEmmanuel Missionary CollegeAlma materUniversity of ChicagoKnown forEducator and young Earth creationistScientific careerFieldsBiologyAcademic advisorsGeorge McCready Price Part of a series onSeventh-dayAdventist Church History Christianity Protestantism Millerism Great Disappointm...
Ethnic Chinese in Brunei汶萊華人Orang Cina di Bruneiاورڠ چينا د برونيChinese women and children in Kuala Belait, 1945.Total population42,1329.6% of the Bruneian population (2021)[1]LanguagesEnglish and Malay as medium of communication in schools and government • Mandarin (lingua franca) • Chinese varieties such as Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hainanese, HakkaReligionBuddhism • Christianity[2] •...
American consulate in Sichuan, China This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Consulate General of the United States, Chengdu – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Consulate General of the United States, ChengduLocation Cheng...
