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	MV Doulos Phos hoisted onto dry land and converted into a hotel in Bintan, Indonesia
History
United States
Name	Medina
Namesake	Medina River, Texas
Operator	Mallory Steamship Company (1914–1932) Clyde-Mallory Line (1932–1948)
Ordered	28 August 1913
Builder	Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company
Yard number	176
Laid down	21 January 1914
Launched	22 August 1914
Sponsored by	Frances Stuart Semmes
Christened	22 August 1914
Acquired	29 September 1914
Commissioned	29 September 1914
Fate	Transferred to Cia Naviera San Miguel SA, 1948
Panama
Name	Roma
Operator	Cia Naviera San Miguel SA
Acquired	1948
Fate	Sold to Costa Lines, 1953
Italy
Name	Franca C
Operator	Costa Lines
Port of registry	Genoa, Italy
Acquired	1953
Fate	Sold to Gute Bücher für Alle, 1977
Malta
Name	Doulos (1977–2010); Doulos Phos (from 2010);
Operator	Gute Bücher für Alle (1977–2010); BizNaz Resources International Pte Ltd (from 2010);
Port of registry	Valletta, Malta
Identification	Call sign 9HKF; IMO number: 5119105; MMSI number: 256056000;
Fate	converted to a static hotel ship, 2015
Notes	Greek "Doulos" means "Servant", "Doulos Phos" means "Servant of Light"
General characteristics (as built)
Tonnage	5,426 GRT
Length	427.66 feet (130.35 m)
Beam	55.2 feet (16.8 m)
Height	54 feet (16 m)
Draught	18.2 feet (5.5 m)
Installed power	Single triple-expansion engine, 4 coal-fired boilers, 4,100 horsepower (3,100 kW) shaft power (Converted to oil 1922)
Speed	14 knots (26 km/h)
General characteristics (1949 onwards)
Tonnage	6,822 GRT (1960); 6,549 GRT (1984); 6,818 GT (2009);
Propulsion	GMT C4218SS; V-18 cyl. 4-stroke; 5958 kW (8100 bhp); Intermediate Fuel; Renk Reduction Gear; Fixed Pitch Propeller;
Speed	15 knots (28 km/h)
Capacity	414
Crew	350

MV Doulos Phos is a retired ocean liner, and former cruise ship that held the record of being the world's oldest active ocean-going passenger ship, serving from 1914 until December 2009. She is now owned by Eric Saw, director and chief executive of BizNaz Resources International Pte Ltd in Singapore.^[6] She was previously operated by the German charity Gute Bücher für Alle (Good Books for All), and was used as a floating bookshop and missionary ship. The ship has previously been known as the SS Medina, the SS Roma, the MV Franca C, and the MV Doulos. Doulos ended her final cruise in late 2009 at Singapore, with the ship being handed over to her new owners on 18 March 2010. The ship underwent a three year conversion into a luxury hotel that saw the ship mounted on dry land in nearby Bintan, Indonesia and opened in June 2019.^[7]

Cargo ship era

On 28 August 1913, a contract for two steel freight steamships was signed by Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company and the Mallory Steamship Company of the United States. "The vessel will be a single screw steamship of the hurricane deck type with straight stem and elliptical stern, and with deck houses amidship and aft for the crew accommodations...." The original specifications referred to the vessels as hulls No. 175 and No. 176. Hull No. 175 would eventually be named SS Neches and hull No. 176 became SS Medina.^[4] (Neches was lost in a collision with a British warship in 1918.)^[8] The full contract for the vessels filled a 186-page volume and included the fittings commonly used in a ship for her era and also provision for tropical itineraries; for example, mosquito nets for the crew quarters.

Terrorist attack

On 11 August 1991, during the final night of the Doulos' stop in the southern Philippine port of Zamboanga City, two of her foreign crewmembers were killed when a grenade thrown by members of the Abu Sayyaf Islamist terrorist group^[9] exploded on stage during a performance by its Christian volunteers.^[10] Four locals were killed^[11] and 32 others were injured, including several crew members of the missionary ship.^[10]

In 1995, in order to conform to the then new SOLAS regulations, she was fitted with a sprinkler system and combustible wall panels were removed and replaced. This unfortunately meant the loss of many of the wall murals that had been installed by Costa Lines.^[12]

In 2006, while in Bahrain, a satellite communication system was installed.^[4]

Statistics as MV *Doulos*^[5]
Total visitors	21,461,212
Programme attendance	3,500,898
Books sold	1,513,446
Nautical miles sailed	358,121
Total ports visited	603
Countries and territories visited	104
Different ports visited	297

Decommissioning

In 2009, while Doulos was in dry dock in Singapore, a survey conducted by the ship's classification society, RINA, found numerous significant problems with the ship's machinery, structure, and systems that would require work to have been completed by 31 December 2009 for the ship's certificates to be reissued and allow continue sailing. The shipyard servicing the Doulos would not accept the ship for repairs until September 2010; with the cost of the work exceeding 10 million euros, and the limited ministry that the ship would have after the repairs, it was decided to end the Doulos Ministry at the end of 2009, instead of 2010 as originally planned.^[4] The ship was offered for scrap at the end of 2009 when her operational certification expired.^[4] A caretaker crew remained with Doulos, expecting to sail her to the breakers.^[6]^[13]

New owners

On 18 March 2010, Doulos escaped the breakers and had a new owner, Mr. Eric Saw, director and chief executive of BizNaz Resources International Pte Ltd in Singapore.^[14] She was renamed Doulos Phos (Servant of Light).^[14] In 2015, BizNaz formed a joint venture with two other companies with the intention of converting the ship into a luxury hotel. That August the ship was towed out of Singapore to Batam, Indonesia, to be refurbished before moving to Bintan Island to become part of a US$25 million hotel resort. In October 2015 she went into drydock, where her hull was refurbished.^[15] Steel reinforcement bracing was added inside her hull to support her weight on dry land.^[14] She was then towed to a location adjacent to the Bandar Bentan Telani Ferry Terminal. Using a system of pulling cables and air bags,^[16] the ship was hoisted onto the promontory point.^[17] This marked the end of her career as a floating ship.

Hotel conversion

In February 2016 the ship was officially renamed Doulos Phos, The Ship Hotel and began conversion into a luxury hotel.^[18] The conversion is expected to retain the ship's bridge and engine room as part of the Maritime Heritage Museum. Decks A and B are used as the hotel. Originally scheduled to open in late 2016, workers and heavy equipment were still on the site in November 2017.^[19] The hotel opened in 2019 with 104 rooms, all with a sea view.^[20] The hotel closed during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and appears to have been reopened since August 2022.

SS Medina in New York on her maiden voyage, passed in front of the Statue of Liberty in 1914.
SS Franca C.
The Doulos at Southampton, England in 2004
MV Doulos in Hong Kong.