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Long March 1
Changzheng-1 (CZ-1)
Manufacturer	MAI, CASC, CAST
Country of origin	China
Size
Height	29.86 m (98.0 ft)
Diameter	2.25 m (7 ft 5 in)
Mass	81,570 kg (179,830 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to Low Earth orbit
Mass	300 kg (660 lb)
Associated rockets
Family	Long March
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Total launches	2
Success(es)	2
First flight	24 April 1970
Last flight	3 March 1971
Type of passengers/cargo	Dong Fang Hong I
First stage
Height	17.835 m (58.51 ft)
Diameter	2.25 m (7 ft 5 in)
Empty mass	4,180 kg (9,220 lb)
Gross mass	65,250 kg (143,850 lb)
Powered by	1 YF-2A (4 x YF-1A)
Maximum thrust	1,101.2 kN (247,600 lbf) (sea level); 1,214.4 kN (273,000 lbf) (vacuum level)
Specific impulse	242.5 s (2.378 km/s) (sea level); 267.4 s (2.622 km/s) (vacuum level)
Burn time	About 130 seconds
Propellant	UDMH/AK27S
Second stage
Height	7.486 m (24.56 ft)
Diameter	2.25 m (7 ft 5 in)
Empty mass	2,340 kg (5,160 lb)
Gross mass	13,550 kg (29,870 lb)
Powered by	YF-3A
Maximum thrust	320.2 kN (72,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	286.9 s (2.814 km/s)
Burn time	About 126 seconds
Propellant	UDMH/AK27S
Third stage – FG-02
Height	4.565 m (14.98 ft)
Diameter	0.77 m (2 ft 6 in)
Empty mass	400 kg (880 lb)
Gross mass	2,200 kg (4,900 lb)
Powered by	FG-02
Maximum thrust	181 kN (41,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	254 s (2.49 km/s)
Burn time	38 seconds
Propellant	Solid: Polysulfide/AP
	[edit on Wikidata]

The Long March 1 (长征一号), also known as the Changzheng-1 (CZ-1),^[3] was the first member of China's Long March rocket family.^[4] Like the U.S.'s and the Soviet Union's first rockets, it was based on a class of ballistic missiles, namely the DF-4 class.^[5]

History

Development started in January 1965 as the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry issued a design task. The two stage liquid fueled DF-4 was modified by adding a third stage in order to make it to the desired orbit. Long March 1's second flight launched China's first satellite Dong Fang Hong 1 to space on 24 April 1970. The rocket was operational during 1970–1971. Wang Xiji was the chief designer of the rocket.^[6]

Launch History

Long March 1 (Launch history)
Date and time (GMT)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Function	Decay	Outcome	Notes
24 April 1970 13:35	Jiuquan, LA-2A	Dong Fang Hong 1	MEO	Technology demonstration	14 May 1970	Success	First satellite launched by China.
3 March 1971 12:15	Jiuquan, LA-2A	Shijian 1	LEO	Technology demonstration	17 June 1979	Success

References

^ "Space Launchers - Long March". Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
^ "Go Taikonauts! - Launch Vehicle". Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
^ "CZ-1". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
^ 问鼎苍穹：共和国航天纪实. 中国南京: 江苏文艺出版社. 2009. p. 128. ISBN 978-7-5399-3457-0.
^ "Long March". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
^ Stokes, Mark A. (July 2003). "The People's Liberation Army and China's Space and Missile Development". In Laurie Burkitt; Andrew Scobell; Larry Wortzel (eds.). The Lessons of History: The Chinese people's Liberation Army at 75 (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-58487-126-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.