London Docks

For the bigger area, see London Docklands.

A map of the London Docks in 1831

A birdseye view dated 1845

At the London Dock in the 1820s, the Customs employed around 250 men and the Excise around 200.

Port wine from Oporto being unloaded on a London Docks quayside, circa 1909.

The London Docks were one of several sets of docks in the historic Port of London.

They were constructed in Wapping, downstream from the City of London between 1799 and 1815, at a cost exceeding £5½ million.^[1]

Traditionally ships had docked at wharves on the River Thames, but by the late 1700s more capacity was needed. They were the closest docks to the City of London until St Katharine Docks were built two decades later.

London Dock Company

The London Dock Company was formed in 1800, and work on the docks began in 1801.^[2] In 1864 they were amalgamated with St Katharine Docks.

Physical description

The London Docks occupied a total area of about 30 acres (120,000 m²), consisting of Western and Eastern docks linked by the short Tobacco Dock. The Western Dock was connected to the Thames by Hermitage Basin to the south west and Wapping Basin to the south.

The Eastern Dock connected to the Thames via the Shadwell Basin to the east. The principal designers were the architects and engineers Daniel Asher Alexander and John Rennie.

The docks specialised in high-value luxury commodities such as ivory, spices, coffee and cocoa as well as wine and wool, for which elegant warehouses and wine cellars were constructed. The system was never connected to the railway network. The Port of London Authority took over the London Docks together with the rest of the enclosed docks in 1909.

After containerisation of commercial shipping

The docks were closed to shipping in 1969 and sold to the borough of Tower Hamlets. The western portion of the London Docks was filled in with the (unrealised) intention of turning them into public housing estates. The land was still largely derelict when it was acquired in 1981 by the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC). It was subsequently redeveloped with over 1,000 individual properties centred on the old Tobacco Dock and Shadwell Basin.

The controversial "Fortress Wapping" printing works of Rupert Murdoch's News International corporation was constructed on the northern half of the infilled Western Dock. Hermitage Basin and Shadwell Basin survive. Wapping Basin is now a sports pitch and some of the Eastern Dock site is open space. A small canal runs across the southern part of the Western Dock site from Hermitage Basin to Tobacco Dock.

Spirit Quay in Wapping - a canal remnant of the London Docks

See also

• Safeguarded wharf

References

1. Deane, Phyllis (1965). The First Industrial Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 80. ISBN 978-0-521-09363-7.
2. "A walk in the footprint of the London Docks". Thames Facing East. Retrieved 6 April 2016.

Further reading

• Ben Weinreb & Christopher Hibbert (1995). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 486. ISBN 0-333-57688-8.

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