The first four cottage estates were at Norbury, Old Oak, Totterdown Fields and White Hart Lane.
Homes fit for heroes – interwar policy
In 1912 Raymond Unwin, published a pamphlet Nothing gained by Overcrowding.[7] He worked on the influential Tudor Walters Report of 1918, which recommended housing in short terraces, spaced at 70 feet (21 m) at a density of 12 to the acre. The First World War indirectly provided a new impetus, when the poor physical health and condition of many urban recruits to the army was noted with alarm. This led to a campaign known as Homes fit for heroes. In 1919 the Government, through the Housing Act 1919 required councils to provide housing built to the Tudor Walters standards, helping them to do so through the provision of subsidies.[8]
London County Council embraced these freedoms and planned 8 cottage estates in the peripheries of London: Becontree, St Helier, Downham, Watling for example; seven further followed including Bellingham. Houses were built on green field land on the peripheries of urban London.[10]
Yelling, J. A. (1995). "Banishing London's slums: The interwar cottage estates"(PDF). Transactions. 46. London and Middlesex Archeological Society: 167–173. Retrieved 19 December 2016. Quotes: Rubinstein, 1991, Just like the country.
The Addison Act provided subsidies solely to local authorities and not to private builders. Many houses were built over the next few years in cottage estates.[11] Following the Geddes Axe of 1922, the Housing, &c. Act 1923 stopped subsidies going to council houses but did extend subsidies to private builders.
The first Labour government took office in 1924. The Housing (Financial Provisions) Act 1924 restored subsidies to municipal housing but at a lower level. It failed to make any provision for the lower paid, who were living in the worse conditions, and could not afford to pay the higher rents of the new houses.[citation needed]
This was dictated by the topology and the desired densities.
Design of the houses
Most of the houses were brick built, but due to the shortage of bricks and wood in the early 1920s, and the availability of factories tooled up for war work some interesting experimental designs and prefabrications.
Furnishing the house
An advertisement offering to complete furnish an Atholl all-steel house in Downham for £78.17.11d, gave a full list of what was needed.[14]
^Tarn, J. N. (1973) Five Percent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press pp. 42, 61
^Beggs-Humphreys, M, Gregor, H and Humphreys, D (1959) The Industrial Revolution, Oxford, Routledge p. 34
Rubinstein, Antonia; Andrews, Andy; Schweitzer, Pam (1991). "Just like the country"(PDF). Age Exchange. Retrieved 17 December 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Rubinstein, Antonia; Andrews, Andy; Schweitzer, Pam (1991). "Just like the country part 2"(PDF). Age Exchange. Retrieved 17 December 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
