London Borough of Islington

"Borough of Islington" redirects here. For the borough between 1900 and 1965, see Metropolitan Borough of Islington.
London Borough of Islington
London borough
Islington Town Hall
Islington Town Hall
Coat of arms of London Borough of Islington
Coat of arms
Official logo of London Borough of Islington
Council logo
Islington shown within Greater London
Islington shown within Greater London
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionLondon
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Created1 April 1965
Admin HQIslington Town Hall, Upper Street, Islington
Government
 • TypeLondon borough council
 • BodyIslington London Borough Council
 • London AssemblySem Moema (Labour) AM for North East
 • MPsJeremy Corbyn (Independent)
Emily Thornberry (Labour)
Area
 • Total
5.74 sq mi (14.86 km2)
 • Rank294th (of 296)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
220,373
 • Rank84th (of 296)
 • Density38,000/sq mi (15,000/km2)
Time zoneUTC (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (BST)
Postcodes
EC, N, NW, WC
Area code020
ISO 3166 codeGB-ISL
ONS code00AU
GSS codeE09000019
PoliceMetropolitan Police
Websitehttps://www.islington.gov.uk/

The London Borough of Islington (/ˈɪzlɪŋtən/ ⓘ IZ-ling-tən) is a London borough which forms part of Inner London, England. Islington has an estimated population of 215,667. It was formed in 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, by the amalgamation of the metropolitan boroughs of Islington and Finsbury.[1]

The new entity remains the second smallest borough in London and the third-smallest district in England. The borough contains two Westminster parliamentary constituencies; Islington North, represented by former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, and Islington South & Finsbury represented by Labour MP Emily Thornberry. The local authority is Islington Council. The borough is home to football club Arsenal, one of the Premier League clubs in England, and its home Emirates Stadium.

Etymology

Islington was originally named by the Saxons Giseldone (1005), then Gislandune (1062). The name means 'Gīsla's hill' from the Old English personal name Gīsla and dun 'hill', 'down'. The name then later mutated to Isledon, which remained in use well into the 17th century when the modern form arose.[2] In medieval times, Islington was just one of many small manors in the area, along with Bernersbury, Neweton Berewe or Hey-bury, and Canonesbury (Barnsbury, Highbury and Canonbury – names first recorded in the 13th and 14th centuries). "Islington" came to be applied as the name for the parish covering these villages, which became the Metropolitan Borough of Islington in 1900. On the merger with Finsbury to form the modern borough, the Islington name was used for the whole borough.

History

The area of the modern borough had historically been part of the county of Middlesex. From 1856 the area was governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works, which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London.[3] In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London. From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards. In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs, two of which were called Islington and Finsbury, the latter covering the combined area of the parishes of Clerkenwell, St Luke and St Sepulchre, and the extra-parochial areas of Charterhouse and Glasshouse Yard.[a][4][5]

The modern borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963. It was a merger of the old Islington and Finsbury metropolitan boroughs.[6]

Geography

The southern part of the borough, south of the A501 Pentonville Road and City Road, forms part of the central London congestion charging zone and the Ultra Low Emission Zone. A significant part of the southern section of the borough borders the City of London, with the area to the west bordering the London Borough of Camden. The central London area includes Farringdon and Old Street stations both in Zone 1.

Districts

See also: Islington parks and open spaces

Areas in the borough include:

Governance

Main article: Islington London Borough Council
Islington Town Hall

The local authority is Islington Council, based at Islington Town Hall on Upper Street.[7]

Greater London representation

Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly, the borough forms part of the North East constituency.

UK Parliament

Further information: List of parliamentary constituencies in Islington

Islington is represented by two parliamentary constituencies. Islington North is represented by Jeremy Corbyn, elected in 2024 as an independent. He was formerly a member of the Labour Party, and was its leader and the Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition between 2015 and 2020. Islington South and Finsbury is represented by Emily Thornberry, former Shadow First Secretary of State and Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and current Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade of the Labour Party.

Economy

In the Victorian Age, some parts of Islington such as Clerkenwell were known for their poverty, which George Gissing describes in his naturalist novel, The Nether World (1889). Since this time, Islington has been a subject of gentrification and with the median house price rising rapidly since the 2020 pandemic. With new headquarters for Facebook and Google close to the edge of the borough, along with Lawyer offices Slaughter & May on the edge of the borough, near the City of London, the borough has seen a steady house prices, with median incomes rising significantly.

Inmarsat head office

Inmarsat has its head office in the borough.[8]

Major public and private bodies

Prisons

There is one prison in Islington, a men's prison, HM Prison Pentonville. Until it closed in 2016 there was also a women's prison HM Prison Holloway, which in the early 20th century was used to hold many suffragettes.

Transport

The Borough boasts a large transport network for rail, bus, cycles and road users.

London Underground

There are ten London Underground stations in the borough across London fare zones 1, 2 and 3. These stations are principally served by the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, although the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines also pass through the Borough:

The Piccadilly line carries passengers to key London destinations, including the West End and Heathrow Airport. The Northern and Victoria lines also link the borough to the West End, whilst the Northern line (Bank branch) also passes through the City of London.

Just beyond the borough's boundaries are King's Cross St Pancras (in the London Borough of Camden) and Moorgate (in the City).

London Overground

There are also several London Overground stations in the borough, all but one of which are in London fare zone 2:

National Rail

There are several other National Rail stations in Islington, which offer direct services to destinations across London, East Anglia and South East England:

Farringdon and Finsbury Park are served by Thameslink services, with some trains travelling direct to Gatwick Airport, as well as destinations including Cambridge, Peterborough, Brighton and Sevenoaks. Other stations, including Finsbury Park, are served by Great Northern trains which normally operate between Moorgate and Welwyn Garden City or Stevenage via Hertford North. The Elizabeth line calls at Farringdon.

Moorgate lies just to the south of the borough, in the City of London, whilst King's Cross lies to the borough's immediate west, with destinations including Sheffield, Leeds, Newcastle, Edinburgh and Inverness.

Travel to work

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 19.4% of all residents aged 16–74; bus, minibus or coach, 10.3%; on foot, 10.3%; bicycle, 6.2%; driving a car or van, 6.0%; train, 3.7%; work mainly at or from home, 3.6%.[9]

Attractions and institutions

The 'Angel Central' shopping arcade

Demographics

Population pyramid of the Borough of Islington
Population
YearPop.±%
1801 65,721—    
1811 83,679+27.3%
1821 108,333+29.5%
1831 137,271+26.7%
1841 162,717+18.5%
1851 214,090+31.6%
1861 266,010+24.3%
1871 317,930+19.5%
1881 369,850+16.3%
1891 397,799+7.6%
1901 405,301+1.9%
1911 412,944+1.9%
1921 401,054−2.9%
1931 389,513−2.9%
1941 324,143−16.8%
1951 269,743−16.8%
1961 232,258−13.9%
1971 200,022−13.9%
1981 157,512−21.3%
1991 173,384+10.1%
2001 175,787+1.4%
2011 206,125+17.3%
2013 215,667+4.6%
Source: A Vision of Britain through time[10]

In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 65,721. This rose steadily throughout the 19th century, as the district became built up; exceeding 200,000 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth increased—reaching nearly 400,000 by the turn of the century; with the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury particularly suffering deprivation, poverty and severe overcrowding. The increase in population peaked before World War I, falling slowly in the aftermath until World War II began an exodus from London towards the new towns under the Abercrombie Plan for London (1944). The decline in population reversed in the 1980s, but it remains below its 1951 level.

According to the 2001 census Islington had a population of 175,797. It was 75% White, including 5% White Irish, 6% Black African, 5% Black Caribbean and 2% Bangladeshi. Thirty-two per cent of the borough's residents were owner–occupiers.

According to the 2011 census, Islington has the highest population density of local authorities in England and Wales—13,875 people per square kilometre.[11]

Islington has the second highest proportion of Irish people in the country, behind London Borough of Brent.[12]

A 2017 study by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute found that a third of Islington residents lived in poverty. This is above the London average of 27%. It also found that 14% of local employees were in jobs which pay below the London Living Wage – the fourth lowest figure of any London borough.[13]

39% of the borough's residents identified as Christian, 12.8% Muslim, 1.7% Jewish and 42.7% had no religion.[14] Christians and Muslims live throughout the borough, while the Jewish population is most concentrated in the north of the borough in the Hillrise and Junction wards (bordering Highgate and Crouch End).

Ethnicity

Ethnic makeup of Islington by single year ages in 2021

The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents in the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses in Islington.

Ethnic Group Year
1966 estimations[15] 1981 estimations[16] 1991 census[17][18] 2001 census[19] 2011 census[20] 2021 census[21]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total – 93.8% 145,744 86.2% 140,757 81.1% 132,464 75.35% 140,515 68.17% 134,754 62.1%
White: British – – – – – – 99,784 56.76% 98,322 47.70% 86,092 39.7%
White: Irish – 5.1% – – – – 10,057 5.72% 8,140 3.95% 7,062 3.3%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller – – – – – – – – 163 0.08% 108 0.0%
White: Roma – – – – – – – – – – 958 0.4%
White: Other – – – – – – 22,623 12.87% 33,890 16.44% 40,534 18.7%
Asian or Asian British: Total – 1.5% 6,568 3.9% 10,644 6.1% 12,558 7.14% 19,034 9.23% 21,532 10.1%
Asian or Asian British: Indian – – 1,872 2,526 2,851 1.32% 3,534 2.06% 4,051 1.9%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani – – 638 634 912 0.52% 951 0.46% 995 0.5%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi – – 1,277 2,857 4,229 2.41% 4,662 2.26% 5,972 2.8%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese – – 1,579 2,193 3,074 1.75% 4,457 2.16% 5,125 2.4%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian – – 1,202 2,434 1,492 0.85% 5,430 2.63% 5,389 2.5%
Black or Black British: Total – 4.7% 14,397 8.5% 18,472 10.6% 20,856 11.86% 26,294 12.76% 28,743 13.3%
Black or Black British: African – 1.4% 4,356 6,308 10,500 5.97% 12,622 6.12% 18,091 8.4%
Black or Black British: Caribbean – 3.3% 7,501 8,824 8,550 4.86% 7,943 3.85% 7,368 3.4%
Black or Black British: Other Black – – 2,540 3,340 1,806 1.03% 5,729 2.78% 3,284 1.5%
Mixed or British Mixed: Total – – – – – – 7,234 4.11% 13,339 6.47% 16,231 7.4%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean – – – – – – 2,329 1.32% 4,236 2.06% 4,171 1.9%
Mixed: White and Black African – – – – – – 1,241 0.71% 1,912 0.93% 2,257 1.0%
Mixed: White and Asian – – – – – – 1,543 0.88% 2,964 1.44% 3,750 1.7%
Mixed: Other Mixed – – – – – – 2,121 1.21% 4,227 2.05% 6,053 2.8%
Other: Total – – 2,413 3,623 2,685 1.53% 6,943 3.37% 15,330 7.1%
Other: Arab – – – – – – – – 1,893 0.92% 2,991 1.4%
Other: Any other ethnic group – – – – – – – – 5,050 2.45% 12,339 5.7%
Ethnic minority: Total – 6.2% 23,378 13.8% 32,739 18.9% 43,333 24.65% 65,610 31.83% 81,836 37.9%
Total – 100% 169,122 100% 173,496 100% 175,797 100.00% 206,125 100.00% 216,590 100%

Religion

The following shows the religious identity of residents residing in Islington according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses.

Religion 2001[22] 2011[23] 2021[24]
Number % Number % Number %
Holds religious beliefs 116,310 66.2 110,076 53.4 111,222 51.4
Christian 95,305 54.2 82,879 40.2 75,129 34.7
Muslim 14,259 8.1 19,521 9.5 25,840 11.9
Sikh 590 0.3 569 0.3 603 0.3
Hindu 1,751 1.0 2,108 1.0 2,195 1.0
Buddhist 1,840 1.0 2,117 1.0 1,813 0.8
Jewish 1,846 1.1 1,915 0.9 2,714 1.3
Other religion 719 0.4 967 0.5 2,930 1.4
No religion 41,691 23.7 61,911 30.0 88,466 40.8
Religion not stated 17,796 10.1 34,138 16.6 16,902 7.8
Total population 175,797 100.0 206,125 100.0 216,590 100.0

Education

Universities

The London Borough of Islington is home to two higher education institutions:

Moorfields Eye Hospital is a major centre for postgraduate training of ophthalmologists, orthoptists, optometrists, and nurses.

Further Education

The borough also currently contains three colleges of further education:

There are two performing arts colleges. The Urdang Academy and the Musical Theatre Academy are both based in Islington.

Schools

Main article: List of schools in Islington

The borough currently maintains 47 primary schools, 10 secondary schools, three special schools and five Pupil Referral Units. In 2000, Cambridge Education Associates, a private firm, took over the management of the Islington's state schools from the local education authority.[25]

Media

The Islington Gazette is a local newspaper.

Freedom of the Borough

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Islington.

Individuals

Military units

See also

References

  1. ^ Glasshouse Yard and St Sepulchre had been part of the Holborn District Board of Works until 1900
  1. ^ "London Government Act 1963". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  2. ^ 'Islington: Growth', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes. 1985. pp. 9–19. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  3. ^ Metropolis Management Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120)
  4. ^ "Finsbury CP through time: Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, A Vision of Britain through Time". GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  5. ^ London Government Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. 14)
  6. ^ Youngs, Frederic (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Vol. I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
  7. ^ "Islington Town Hall". Islington Council. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  8. ^ "Privacy Policy." Inmarsat. Retrieved on 26 March 2014. "99 City Road London EC1Y 1AX United Kingdom"
  9. ^ "2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 23 November 2013. Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey's longest part by distance.
  10. ^ http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10142635&c_id=10001043&add=N
  11. ^ "2011 Census – Population and Household Estimates for England and Wales, March 2011" (PDF). webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  12. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  13. ^ "Poverty and Inequality Data For Islington – Trust For London". Trust for London. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  14. ^ "Population by Religion, Borough". Data.london.gov.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  15. ^ "Ethnic minorities in Britain". search.worldcat.org. p. 42. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  16. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 – Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  18. ^ "1991 census – theme tables". NOMIS. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  19. ^ "KS006 – Ethnic group". NOMIS. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  20. ^ "Ethnic Group by measures". NOMIS. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  21. ^ "Ethnic group – Office for National Statistics". Ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  22. ^ "KS007 – Religion – Nomis – 2001". Nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  23. ^ "KS209EW (Religion) – Nomis – 2011". Nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  24. ^ "Religion – 2021 census". Office of National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  25. ^ "BBC News | EDUCATION | Islington schools: is privatisation working?". News.bbc.co.uk.
  26. ^ "Arsenal to get a place on the political map". Camden New Journal. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  27. ^ "The HAC receiving the Freedom of the Borough of Islington". Reserve Forces and Cadets Association for Greater London. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012.
  28. ^ Brigstock-Barron, Rory (20 March 2015). "Former councillor and veterans given freedom of Islington". Islingtongazette.co.uk.
  29. ^ Drew, Rosie (5 July 2017). "Freedom of the borough for Islington and Holloway's firefighters". Islingtongazette.co.uk.
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