Distribution of the iron content (in logarithmic scale) in four neighbouring dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way
The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way, where Earth is located. It has a total diameter of roughly 3 megaparsecs (10 million light-years; 9×1019kilometres),[1] and a total mass of the order of 2×1012solar masses (4×1042 kg).[2]
It consists of two collections of galaxies in a "dumbbell" shape; the Milky Way and its satellites form one lobe, and the Andromeda Galaxy and its satellites constitute the other. The two collections are separated by about 800 kiloparsecs (3×10^6 ly; 2×1019 km) and are moving toward one another with a velocity of 123 km/s.[3] The group itself is a part of the larger Virgo Supercluster, which may be a part of the Laniakea Supercluster.
The exact number of galaxies in the Local Group is unknown as some are occluded by the Milky Way; however, at least 80 members are known, most of which are dwarf galaxies.
The two largest members, the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies, are both spiral galaxies with masses of about 1012 solar masses each. Each has its own system of satellite galaxies:
Visual size comparison of the six largest Local Group galaxies, with details
The Triangulum Galaxy (M33) is the third-largest member of the Local Group, with a mass of approximately 5×1010M☉ (1×1041 kg), and is the third spiral galaxy.[6] It is unclear whether the Triangulum Galaxy is a companion of the Andromeda Galaxy; the two galaxies are 750,000 light years apart,[7] and experienced a close passage 2–4 billion years ago which triggered star formation across Andromeda's disk. The Pisces Dwarf Galaxy is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.[8]
The membership of NGC 3109, with its companions Sextans A and the Antlia Dwarf Galaxy as well as Sextans B, Leo P, Antlia B and possibly Leo A, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.[3] The Antlia-Sextans Group is unlikely to be gravitationally bound to the Local Group due to probably lying outside the Local Group's Zero-velocity surface—which would make it a true galaxy group of its own rather than a subgroup within the Local Group.[10] This possible independence may, however, disappear as the Milky Way continues coalescing with Andromeda due to the increased mass, and density thereof, plausibly widening the radius of the zero-velocity surface of the Local Group.
Second largest galaxy in the group, which may or may not be the most massive galaxy of the group.[13] Diameter (D25 isophote): 87,400 light-years Mass: (1.54±0.1)×1012M☉ Number of stars: (2.5±1.5)×1011.
Third largest, only unbarred spiral galaxy and possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy. Diameter (D25 isophote): 60,000 light-years Mass: 5×1010M☉ Number of stars: 4×1010.
Fourth largest member of the group, satellite of Milky Way and only Magellanic Spiral Galaxy in the local group Mass: 1×1010M☉ Diameter (D25 isophote): 32,200 light-years
Once considered to be associated with M31. Its distance is now known to be 22 to 24 million light years (not close to the Andromeda Galaxy at all).[27]
Overview of the structure and trajectory of the Local Group
Streams
Magellanic Stream, a stream of gas being stripped off the Magellanic Clouds due to their interaction with the Milky Way
Monoceros Ring, a ring of stars around the Milky Way that is proposed to consist of a stellar stream torn from the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy
Virgo Strem, a steam formed from a dwarf galaxy.
Helni Stream
Future
The galaxies of the Local Group are likely to merge together under their own mutual gravitational attractions over a timescale of tens of billions of years into a single elliptical galaxy, with the coalescence of Andromeda and the Milky Way being the predominant event in this process.[37]
^The mass of the Local Group is essentially accounted for by the mass of the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy.
Estimates for the mass of each galaxy are compatible with 1012M☉,
and Peñarrubia et al. (2014) estimate (2.3±0.7)×1012M☉ for the Local Group,
but Karachentsev and Kashibadze (2006) estimate the somewhat lower value of (1.29±0.14)×1012M☉.
^Kalirai, Jason S.; Beaton, Rachael L.; Geha, Marla C.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Kirby, Evan N.; Majewski, Steven R.; Ostheimer, James C.; Patterson, Richard J. (17 February 2010). "The Splash Survey: Internal Kinematics, Chemical Abundances, and Masses of the Andromeda I, Ii, III, Vii, X, and Xiv Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 711 (2): 671–692. arXiv:0911.1998. Bibcode:2010ApJ...711..671K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/711/2/671. ISSN0004-637X. S2CID43188686.
^Sergey E. Koposov; Vasily Belokurov; Gabriel Torrealba; N. Wyn Evans (10 March 2015). "Beasts of the Southern Wild. Discovery of a large number of Ultra Faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds". The Astrophysical Journal. 805 (2): 130. arXiv:1503.02079. Bibcode:2015ApJ...805..130K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130. S2CID118267222.
^"The Local Group". NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC). NASA. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
^Zucker, D. B.; Belokurov, V.; Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I.; Irwin, M. J.; Sivarani, T.; Hodgkin, S.; Bramich, D. M.; Irwin, J. M.; Gilmore, G.; Willman, B.; Vidrih, S.; Fellhauer, M.; Hewett, P. C.; Beers, T. C.; Bell, E. F.; Grebel, E. K.; Schneider, D. P.; Newberg, H. J.; Wyse, R. F. G.; Rockosi, C. M.; Yanny, B.; Lupton, R.; Smith, J. A.; Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, H.; Brinkmann, J.; Harvanek, M.; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, J. (2006). "A New Milky Way Dwarf Satellite in Canes Venatici". The Astrophysical Journal. 643 (2): L103. arXiv:astro-ph/0604354. Bibcode:2006ApJ...643L.103Z. doi:10.1086/505216. S2CID119421888.
^Martin, N. F.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Rix, H. W. (2008). "A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (2): 1075–1092. arXiv:0805.2945. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684.1075M. doi:10.1086/590336. S2CID17838966.
^ abHomma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Okamoto, Sakurako; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N; Hayashi, Kohei; Arimoto, Nobuo; Lupton, Robert H; Strauss, Michael A; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Murayama, Hitoshi (8 June 2024). "Final results of the search for new Milky Way satellites in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program survey: Discovery of two more candidates". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. arXiv:2311.05439. doi:10.1093/pasj/psae044. ISSN0004-6264.
^Tolstoy, Eline (1999). "Detailed Star-Formation Histories of Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxies using HST". In Patricia Whitelock; Russell Cannon (eds.). The stellar content of Local Group galaxies, Proceedings of the 192nd symposium of the International Astronomical Union. Vol. 192. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. p. 218. Bibcode:1999IAUS..192..218T. ISBN978-1886733824.
^Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; et al. (February 2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): 712–726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430. S2CID551714.
^Grocholski, Aaron J.; Aloisi, Alessandra; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Mack, Jennifer; et al. (20 October 2008). "A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569: Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 686 (2): L79–L82. arXiv:0808.0153. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686L..79G. doi:10.1086/592949. S2CID9877496.
^"Pal3". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
Lo stemma dei de Beaujeu (bugiolesi, (FR) Beujeuloais)[1] Ludovico di Bellojoco (XIII secolo – XIII-XIV secolo) è stato un condottiero e nobiluomo francese.[2][3] Il suo nome originale in francese era Louis de Beaujeau, mentre in italiano era chiamato anche Luigi de Bellojoco.[4] Fu un ufficiale francese di Carlo I d'Angiò e, allorché quest'ultimo divenne re, gli fu assegnato il feudo di Gravina in Puglia e Altamura. Indice 1 Vita 2 Successori come feudata...
1997 studio album by At the Drive-InAcrobatic TenementStudio album by At the Drive-InReleasedFebruary 18, 1997RecordedLate July, 1996StudioCommercial Soundworks (Hollywood, California)GenrePost-hardcore, emoLength32:20LabelFlipsideProducerBlaze James, Doug GreenAt the Drive-In chronology ¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo!(1995) Acrobatic Tenement(1997) El Gran Orgo(1997) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic [1]Consequence of SoundC+ [2]Drowned in Sound10/10 [3...
En este artículo se detectaron varios problemas. Por favor, edítalo y/o discute los problemas en la discusión para mejorarlo: Carece de fuentes o referencias que aparezcan en una fuente acreditada. Las referencias no son claras o tienen un formato incorrecto. Este aviso fue puesto el 16 de noviembre de 2023. Puedes avisar al redactor principal pegando lo siguiente en su página de discusión: {{sust:Aviso PA|Ley Lara|formato de referencias|referencias}} ~~~~ Ley Lara Pre...
مكتبة نيويورك العامة إحداثيات 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″W / 40.7127753°N 74.0059728°W / 40.7127753; -74.0059728 معلومات عامة الدولة الولايات المتحدة سنة التأسيس 23 مايو 1895 معلومات أخرى الجوائز جوائز السندان الفضي [لغات أخرى][1] عدد الزوار سنوياً 18000000 (2009)[2] ...
Este artigo ou secção necessita de referências de fontes secundárias fiáveis e independentes. Fontes primárias, ou com conflitos de interesse, não são adequadas para verbetes enciclopédicos. Ajude a incluir referências.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Março de 2021) A United Dutch Breweries é uma empresa holandesa exportadora de cerveja com sede em Breda[1]. Foi criada em 2007 após a segração d...
A French biometric residence permit issued to non-EU citizens A French residence permit issued to non-EU citizens All EU residence permits show Zeus in the guise of a white bull; his appearance in the legend of Europa. According to the French National Institute of Statistics INSEE, the 2021 census counted nearly 7 million immigrants (foreign-born people) in France, representing 10.3% of the total population. This is a decrease from INSEE statistics in 2018 in which there were 9 million immigr...
Perang Inggris-Maratha KetigaBagian dari Peperangan Inggris-MarathaTanggalNovember 1817 – Februari 1818LokasiMaharashtra dan wilayah sekitarnyaHasil Kemenangan besar BritaniaBerakhirnya Kemaharajaan MarathaPihak terlibat Kemaharajaan Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II Malharrao Holkar III Mudhoji II Bhonsle Daulatrao Shinde Various Pindaris Imperium Britania East India CompanyTokoh dan pemimpin Bapu Gokhale (Jenderal Peshwa Baji Rao II) Appa Saheb Bhonsle Malharrao Holkar III Francis Rawdon-Hasting...
Madres solterasFicha técnicaDirección Antonio del AmoAyudante de dirección Miguel GilProducción Arturo GonzálezGuion Luis de los ArcosAntonio del AmoFotografía Carlos SuárezMontaje José Luis BerlangaProtagonistas Rafael AlonsoJosé BódaloFlorinda ChicoInma de SantisPaca GabaldónJuan Luis GaliardoCharo LópezIsabel María PérezManuel Zarzo Ver todos los créditos (IMDb)Datos y cifrasPaís EspañaAño 1975Género DramaDuración 90 minutosClasificación Idioma(s) españolCompañíasPr...
Este artigo não cita fontes confiáveis. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Julho de 2020) Quang Ngai Quảng Ngãi Capital Quang Ngai Região Costa do Centro-Sul População (censo 1999) 1.190.144 habitantes Área 5.137,6 km² População (est. 2005) 1.269.100 habitantes Densidade (est. 2005) 247,02 hab/km² Mapa Quang Ngai (vietnamit...
For the later British Army unit, see Manchester Regiment. The Manchester RegimentPersonal standard of Charles StuartActive1745–1746Country JacobiteTypeInfantrySizeOne battalion, maximum 300 menEngagements1745 Jacobite RisingClifton Moor Skirmish[1]2nd Siege of CarlisleCommandersColonel ofthe RegimentFrancis TowneleyMilitary unit The Manchester Regiment was a Jacobite unit raised during the 1745 Rebellion and the only significant number of English recruits willing to fight ...
Ketua Organisasi Kesatuan Afrika merupakan jabatan pemimpin Organisasi Kesatuan Afrika yang digilir sesuai kawasan.[1] Daftar # Foto Ketua Mulaimenjabat Selesaimenjabat Negara Kawasan 1 Haile Selassie 25 Mei 1963 17 Juli 1964 Kekaisaran Ethiopia Afrika Timur 2 Gamal Abdel Nasser 17 Juli 1964 21 Oktober 1965 Mesir Afrika Utara 3 Kwame Nkrumah 21 Oktober 1965 24 Februari 1966 Ghana Afrika Barat 4 Joseph Arthur Ankrah 24 Februari 1966 5 November 1966 (1) Haile Selassie I 5 No...
4-та кавалерійська дивізія (Третій Рейх)4. Kavallerie-Division Прапор німецької кінноти часів Третього РейхуНа службі 23 лютого — 8 травня 1945Країна Третій РейхНалежність ВермахтВид Сухопутні військаРоль кіннотаЧисельність кавалерійська дивізія11 317 в/слУ складі Див...
2018 American science fiction film ZoeOfficial release posterDirected byDrake DoremusScreenplay byRichard GreenbergProduced by Drake Doremus Robert George Michael A. Pruss Starring Ewan McGregor Léa Seydoux Christina Aguilera Miranda Otto Rashida Jones CinematographyJohn GuleserianEdited byDouglas CriseMusic byDan RomerProductioncompanies Global Road Entertainment He Li Chen Guang Media Scott Free Productions Distributed byAmazon StudiosRelease dates April 21, 2018 (2018-04-21...
English religious evangelist (1732–1784) Joanna TurnerBornJoanna Cook1732Died24 December 1784(1784-12-24) (aged 51–52)TrowbridgeNationalityEnglishOccupationevangelistKnown forintroducing MethodismSpouseThomas Turner Joanna Turner or Joanna Cook (1732 – 24 December 1784) was an English religious evangelist who brought Methodism to the town of Trowbridge, Wiltshire. Life Turner was probably born in Trowbridge as she was baptised there in 1732 into the Church of England. Her pare...
New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2008–09 New Zealand AustraliaDates 13 November 2008 – 15 February 2009Captains Daniel Vettori Ricky PontingTest seriesResult Australia won the 2-match series 2–0Most runs Ross Taylor (160) Michael Clarke (217)Most wickets Iain O'Brien (7) Mitchell Johnson (14)Player of the series Michael Clarke (Australia)One Day International seriesResults 5-match series drawn 2–2Most runs Grant Elliott (210) Brad Haddin (283)Most wickets...
Erzherzog Leopold V. von Österreich-Tirol in Prunkkleidern, circa 1630Erzherzog Leopold im geistlichen Gewand, 1604 Silberthaler Leopold V. 1632 Wappen von Leopold V. in der Jesuitenkirche MolsheimClaudia de’ Medici, als Hl. Christina von Bolsena Grabstätte von Leopold V. Erzherzog Leopold V. (* 9. Oktober 1586 in Graz; † 13. September 1632 in Schwaz, Tirol) aus dem Haus Habsburg war der Sohn von Erzherzog Karl II., Bruder von Kaiser Ferdinand II., Vater von Ferdinand Karl von Tirol, Bi...
Costa Rican football player (born 1997) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Torres and the second or maternal family name is Barrantes. Gerson Torres Torres in 2017Personal informationFull name Gerson Torres Barrantes[1]Date of birth (1997-08-28) 28 August 1997 (age 26)[1]Place of birth Heredia, Costa RicaHeight 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)[1]Position(s) MidfielderTeam informationCurrent team C.S. HeredianoNumber 28Senior career*Yea...
Juan Silveira dos Santos Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Juan Silveira dos SantosTanggal lahir 1 Februari 1979 (umur 45)Tempat lahir Rio de Janeiro, BrasilTinggi 1,83 m (6 ft 0 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini InternacionalNomor 4Karier junior1989–1996 FlamengoKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1996–2002 Flamengo 75 (5)2002–2007 Bayer Leverkusen 139 (10)2007–2012 Roma 117 (9)2012– Internacional 4 (1)Tim nasional‡1995–1996 Brazil U-17 6 (2)1997...
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'omonimo film del 2017, vedi Tom of Finland (film). Tom of Finland Touko Valio Laaksonen, conosciuto con il nome d'arte di Tom of Finland (Kaarina, 8 maggio 1920 – Helsinki, 7 novembre 1991), è stato un disegnatore e illustratore finlandese, noto per le sue illustrazioni omoerotiche che hanno influenzato la cultura gay del ventesimo secolo. Nel corso di quattro decenni ha realizzato oltre 3 500 illustrazioni caratterizzate da una forte sessualit...
.png)
.jpg)
.png){kind=link}
