Lithuanian Separate Corps

Uniforms of some of the member units of the Lithuanian Corps

The Lithuanian Separate Corps (Russian: Литовский отдельный корпус, romanized: Litovskiy otdel'nyy korpus, lit. 'Lithuanian Separate Corps', Lithuanian: Lietuviškasis atskirasis korpusas, Polish: Korpus Litewski) was a corps of the Imperial Russian Army, created in 1817.^[1][2] After the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), the Lithuanian Corps was renamed as the VI Corps.^[1][3] The Lithuanian Corps was disbanded in 1831 after the Polish–Lithuanian Uprising of 1831.^[2]

The corps, except for the guard units, was recruited from Lithuanians and Poles, which set it apart from the rest of the Imperial Russian Army.^[3] The guard units were recruited mostly from Russians.^[1]

Formation

The Lithuanian Corps was formed on 1 July 1817 by Tsar Alexander I of Russia who made Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia its commander as the latter was already the commander of the Army of Congress Poland.^[1][2] The Lithuanian Corps recruited in the five provinces of Vilna, Grodno, Minsk, Volhynia and Podolia and Belostok Oblast, all of which together made up the Russian Empire's so-called Western Krai.^[2] The Corps was widely stationed throughout the territory of the governorates of Volhynia, Minsk and Grodno.^[2]

The Lithuanian Corps consisted of 2 infantry divisions, each containing 2 brigades, 2 artillery brigades as well as guard and grenadier regiments.^[2] Together with the Polish Guard, the Lithuanian Corps' Guards and Grenadiers regiments formed the Guard Reserve Corps, also established in 1817.^[2] The Guard Reserve Corps was stationed in Congress Poland and was commanded by General Wincenty Krasiński.^[2] The unit was disbanded in 1831.^[2]

Composition

When it was created on 1 July 1817, the corps consisted of these units:^[1][3]

• 27th Infantry Division
  • Brest-Litovsk Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • Bialystok Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • Vilnius Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • Lithuanian Infantry Regiment
  • 47th Jäger Regiment [ru]
  • 48th Jäger Regiment [ru]
• 28th Infantry Division (previously the 4th Infantry Division)
  • Volhynian Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • Minsk Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • Podolian Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • Zhytomyr Infantry Regiment [ru]
  • 49th Jäger Regiment [ru]
  • 50th Jäger Regiment [ru]
• 29th Artillery Brigade

Then other military units were included in its composition in 1817, including the newly-formed regiments such as the:^[1]

• Lithuanian Life Guards Regiment [ru]
• Volhynian Life Guards Regiment
• Podolian Cuirassier Regiment
• Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich Uhlan Regiment
• Polish Grenadier Regiment
• 1st Lithuanian Grenadier Regiment [ru]
• 2nd Lithuanian Grenadier Regiment
• Lithuanian Carabinier Regiment

In 1818, the 1st Uhlan Division, consisting of the following uhlan regiments: Polish [ru], Tatar [ru], Lithuanian [ru] and Volhynian [ru], was renamed as the Lithuanian Uhlan Division and included in the Lithuanian Corps.^[1]

On 19 April 1819, the Lithuanian Artillery Division was formed from the 27th and 29th Artillery Brigades.^[1] On August 10 and 17 October, new separate batteries were formed for the corps, which were the Life Guards Horse Artillery Battery №3 and the Life Guards Foot Artillery Battery №5.^[1] Two years later in 1821, these batteries, together with batteries №1 and Light Grenadier №2, formed the Combined Guards and Grenadier Artillery Brigade of the Lithuanian Corps.^[1]

On 20 May 1820, the 27th and 28th Infantry Divisions were renamed the 24th and 25th.^[1] That same year on September 10, a special supply brigade was formed for the Lithuanian Corps on September 10.^[1] In 1824, the Grodno Life Guards Hussar Regiment [ru] was formed for the Lithuanian Corps.^[1] Finally, the Lithuanian Pioneer Battalion was formed under the corps.^[1]

On 25 March 1825, the 1st and 2nd Lithuanian Grenadier Regiments were renamed as the Samogitian and Lutsk Grenadier Regiments, while the Lithuanian Carabinier Regiment was renamed to the Nesvizh Carabinier Regiment [ru].^[1]

Uniforms

All infantry of the corps had a silver device, yellow collars, cuffs and piping (the guards and grenadiers also had yellow lapels) and black leggings.^[1][3] The Uhlan division was also distinguished by its silver equipment, and the applied cloth on its uniforms and caps on the regiments was crimson, white, yellow and blue.^[1] The artillery had black lapels, while its officers had velvet lapels.^[1]

• Uniforms of the units of the Lithuanian Corps
• 
  Drummer of the Lithuanian Pioneers in 1826
• 
  Musician of the Lithuanian Life Guards Regiment in 1826–1828.
• 
  Artilleryman of the Lithuanian Artillery Division in 1826
• 
  Officer of the Grodno Life Guards Hussar Regiment in undress uniform
• 
  Standard-bearer of the Grodno Life Guards Hussar Regiment

Disbandment

After the uprising of 1831, the corps was disbanded.^[1][3][2] The Combined Guards and Grenadier Artillery Brigade was renamed into the 3rd Guards and Grenadier Brigade.^[1] The Podolian Life Guards Cuirassier Regiment was made part of the Life Guards Cuirassier Regiment.^[1]

Grenadier Regiments

The Polish Grenadier Regiment was disbanded.^[1] The Lutsk Grenadier Regiment was divided in 1833, with one half going to the Rostov and the other to the Pernov Grenadier Regiments.^[1] The Nesvizh Carabinier Regiment was disbanded in 1831, with its battalions becoming part of the 1st Carabinier Regiment of General-Field Marshal Barclay de Tolly (later the 4th Grenadier Regiment) and the Samogitian Grenadier Regiment (later the 7th Grenadier Regiment).^[1]

Uhlan Regiments

The Polish Uhlan Regiment was disbanded, while the Tatar Uhlan Regiment was made part of the Kharkov Uhlan Regiment (later numbered as the 4th Uhlan Regiment).^[1]

References

1. Sytin 1914, pp. 15–16.
2. Encyklopedia PWN 2023.
3. Kuzmin-Karavayev 1896, p. 813—814.

Sources

• Kuzmin-Karavayev, Vladimir (1896). "Литовский отдельный корпус". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. XVIIa: Ledier - Loparev.
• Sytin, Ivan (1914). "Литовский отдельный корпус". The Military Encyclopaedia (in Russian). Vol. 15.
• Encyklopedia PWN (2023). "Korpus Litewski". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish).