In September 1945, following the surrender of Japan, all contracts for further production of the B-29 were terminated, after 3,970 aircraft (2,766 by Boeing Aircraft, 668 by Bell Aircraft, and 536 by Glenn L. Martin Co.) had been accepted by the USAAF. Uncompleted airframes at the Boeing plant in Wichita, Kansas, were stripped of all government-furnished equipment and scrapped on site.[1]
A vast majority of the B-29s were stored by a new process of cocooning. However, this process trapped heat and moisture inside the fuselage, resulting in damage to numerous airframes, primarily the avionics and instruments. Between 1946 and 1949, many early and high-time combat veteran aircraft were sold or scrapped. None were released to civilian use.
The majority of the surviving B-29s came from airframes that had served with the United States Navy at NAWS China Lake as target-tow aircraft, then unmanned target aircraft, and finally as ground targets.[2] Additional B-29s were used at Aberdeen Proving Ground as ground targets and for survivability studies. Since the early 1970s, various B-29s have been recovered from China Lake and Aberdeen for museum displays – the last B-29 (Doc) removed from China Lake in 2000 was restored to flying condition.
Additional aircraft have been discovered at both post-war crash sites and near World War II Pacific airfields. There is a search for the first B-29 to bomb Japan, Dauntless Dotty[3] which crashed into the Pacific Ocean on take-off during her return flight to the United States. If the airplane is found, there are plans to recover and restore it for display. In 1995, an attempt to recover the Kee Bird, which had crashed in 1947 in northern Greenland, resulted in the almost complete destruction of the plane's fuselage by fire, started by a malfunctioning auxiliary power unit in the tail.[4]
Built at Martin Omaha as B-29. Delivered to USAAF on 11 December 1944. Assigned to 24th Bombardment Squadron, 6th Bombardment Group, 313th Bombardment Wing. Piloted by Bruce R. Alger who named the plane "Miss America '62" after his newborn daughter, who would be 18 years old in 1962. Flew 30 combat missions from North Field, Tinian. Returned to US in October 1945. Used at various bases until the late 1950s. Used as target at Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake from 1960 to 1985. Removed in 1986 and sent to Travis AFB for restoration, which was completed in 1994. At unveiling on 18 June 1994, Alger's wife Linda spoke.[6]
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. During the Korean War was part of the 28th Bombardment Squadron, 19th Bombardment Group and flew from Kadena Airbase. Given the name "Raz'n Hell" by her crew. Flew roughly 50 combat missions. Returned to US after war. In 1958 sent to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake for use as a target. Recovered in 1980 and put on display. Uses tail of 44–61535, outer wings of 44–84084, and fuselage and inner wings of 44–70064.
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. In 1956 sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground for use as a target. Recovered in 1973 by Bradley Air Museum. Damaged by a tornado in 1979. Wears livery of "Jack's Hack" (serial unknown).
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Later sent to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake for use as a target. Recovered in 1972. Wears livery of a B-29 piloted by Lt. Robert T. Haver and named "Peachy" (serial 44-62022[9]).
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Served as an administrative aircraft before being stored. Returned to service in 1953. Used until 1958, at which point it was sent to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake for use as a ballistic missile target. Acquired by the Commemorative Air Force in 1971, then known as the Confederate Air Force, and flown to Harlingen, Texas that August. A restoration was completed in 1974 and the plane was named "FIFI " after Josephine O'Connor (1919-2007),[11] the wife of Victor Neils Agather (1912-2000),[12] who was instrumental in acquiring the plane. After being grounded in 2006, she returned to the air in 2010. Registered with the FAA as N529B.
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. One of four B-29's obtained by Disney from China Lake for use in the movie The Last Flight of Noah's Ark. The other three were: 44-62222 (reported destroyed off the coast of Hawaii), 44-70049 and 44–84084. Nose section only, now owned by Kermit Weeks and in storage at Aero Trader, Chino, California.
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground in 1960 for use as a target. Recovered in 1985 and put on display at Kelly AFB. After Kelly's closure, moved to Lackland AFB. Wears livery of "Joltin' Josie the Pacific Pioneer".
Built at Boeing Wichita as B-29. Assigned to the 875th Bomb Squadron, 498th Bomb Group, 73d Bomb Wing and completed 37 bombing missions before it was converted to a KB-29 aerial refueling tanker in June 1949. In 1986 it was removed from the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, California and transported to the Lowry Heritage Museum at the then-Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado; now the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum. No. 54 went through its initial level of restoration in 1987 with museum volunteers and was readied for Lowry AFB's 50th anniversary and the 40th anniversary of the USAF on 2 October 1987. It was restored to its 1944 markings with the "T Square 54" on its vertical stabilizer. In 1995, the USAF Museum transferred T-Sq-54 to the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington. After another level of restoration and change in its markings, it was displayed again in 1996. She was shrink wrapped, 2011, in white plastic for 5 years and unwrapped on 6 Apr 2016 under the new open-side outdoor Pavilion.
Built at Boeing Wichita as B-29. In 1951 converted to a radar calibration plane and was based at Griffiss Air Force Base with the 4713th Radar Evaluation Squadron. Squadron named planes after characters from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and this plane acquired the name "Doc." B-29 number 44-70016 was also in this squadron. Struck off in 1956 and sent to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake for use as a target. Removed in 1998 and restored at the Boeing plant in Wichita, Kansas where it was originally built. Moved in March 2007 to the Kansas Aviation Museum. In February 2013, the aircraft was acquired by the non-profit organization Doc's Friends. On 11 May 2016, the restoration crew performed the first of many low-speed taxi tests as the final preparations were underway before first flight. The plane received a certificate of airworthiness from the Federal Aviation Administration on May 20, 2016 allowing it be flown. On 17 July 2016, "Doc" flew for the first time since 1956, flown by members of "Fifi" flight crews. It is registered with FAA as N69972.
Built at Boeing Wichita as B-29. Flew with the 883rd Bomb Squadron of the 500th Bombardment Group in the 73d Bombardment Wing of the 20th Air Force, and flew 27 bombing missions before the end of World War II, carrying the name "Marilyn Gay." This B-29 is credited with shooting down a confirmed three Japanese fighter planes, with 3 more probable fighter kills. After the end of the war, this B-29 was renamed "Hoof Hearted," and served in Great Britain before it was decommissioned in 1956 and sent to the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. In 1973, the B-29 was recovered by the now defunct Florence Air & Missile Museum in Florence, South Carolina for restoration. In 1994, the Marietta B-29 Association sponsored restoration and put it on display at Dobbins ARB, Georgia as "Sweet Eloise."
Built at Bell Atlanta as B-29. Delivered 4 August 1945 to Walker AAF. Used by multiple units throughout the United States until 1959. Struck off command in July 1959 and transferred to SAC Museum. Formerly displayed as "Man o' War." Recently restored and painted as "Lucky Lady."
Built at Bell Atlanta as B-29. Acquired by USAAF on 31 July 1945. In January 1950, it was assigned to Tinker AFB. Removed from service on 15 September 1954 and transferred to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake. One of four B-29's obtained by Disney from China Lake for use in the movie The Last Flight of Noah's Ark. The other three were: 44–62112, 44-62222 (reported destroyed off the coast of Hawaii) and 44–70049. Parts of this aircraft were used to restore Raz'n Hell in the 1980s. The rest of this aircraft now sits in storage, owned by Aero Trader.
Built at Martin Omaha as B-29 and modified to a Silverplate during production. While still on the assembly line, personally selected on 9 May 1945 by ColonelPaul W. Tibbets Jr. for use with the 509th Composite Group. Taken on strength 18 May, assigned to the 393d Bombardment Squadron and on 14 June flown by Robert A. Lewis to Wendover AAF. On 31 May flown to Guam for bomb-bay modification. On 6 July flown to North Field, Tinian. Flew training and combat missions during July. On 5 August Tibbets took command of the plane, and named it "Enola Gay" after his mother. The name was painted on that same day. On 6 August, accompanied by "The Great Artiste" and "Necessary Evil," "Enola Gay" dropped the Little Boy atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Returned to the US on 6 November and kept at Roswell AAF. In May 1946 sent to Kwajalein Atoll for atomic tests, but was not used. Returned to Fairfield-Suisin AAF. In August 1946 given to Smithsonian Institution. After being left outside for some time, dismantled and put in storage at Suitland, Maryland in 1961. Restoration began in December 1984 and was completed in December 2003.
Built at Martin Omaha as B-29. Used for air sampling during atomic tests in the Pacific. After being stationed at various bases across the US, sent to Dugway Proving Ground for chemical testing, and then abandoned. Recovered in 1983 and placed on display at Hill AFB. Originally displayed as "Hagarty's Hag", it is currently painted to resemble "Straight Flush".[16]
"Duke of Albuquerque" was built at Boeing Wichita as TB-29. Served with 509th Bombardment Group from 1946 to 1947. Later used as a ground training aircraft at Chanute AFB. Put on display wearing livery of Enola Gay.
Built at Boeing Wichita as B-29. Delivered to USAAF in September 1945. Sold to USN in 1947. Later transferred to National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics where it acquired the name "Fertile Myrtle." Used to carry the Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket research aircraft. Donated to the American Air Museum in Oakland, California in 1969. Used in the flying sequences of the 1980 Walt Disney film The Last Flight of Noah's Ark. Sold to Kermit Weeks in 1984. In 1992 the plane was severely damaged when the Weeks Air Museum was wrecked during Hurricane Andrew. The forward fuselage has subsequently been restored and was on static display. Other parts in storage. Although not presently airworthy, it is registered with FAA as N29KW.[17]
A B-29 nicknamed "Deaner Boy" was rammed by a Japanese fighter causing it to collide with another B-29 (42-24784) on 10 February 1945. Both planes crashed into the fields of Akizuma. The crash took the lives of all 11 crew members of Deaner Boy.[18][19][20]
A B-29 nicknamed "Slick's Chicks" collided with a B-29 (42-24815) on 10 February 1945. Both planes crashed into the fields of Akuzuma. The bomber had broken up into two pieces not far from each other, fuselage landing at a paddy field while the tail landed next to the Akizuma Bridge. The crash took the lives of all 12 crew members of Slick's Chicks.[18][19][20]
A B-29 assigned to the 869th Bombardent Squadron, 497th Bombardment Group crashed into Mount Ōmine after being hit in the plane's number 1 engine on 1 June 1945. The bomber successfully crash landed but the crew members were all executed by the Japanese.[21] On 1 June 2007, one of the bomber's engine was recovered and placed inside the Tenkawa Village Museum.[22]
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Assigned to 330th Bombardment Group (VH) based at North Field, Guam. Nicknamed "Star Dust" and "City of Terre Haute, IN". Later transferred to the Royal Air Force as Washington B.1 WF444 in 1950. Returned to the United States in 1953 for disposal, and subsequently flown to Dugway Proving Ground for use as a target, and then abandoned. Remains on bombing range, as of October 2023.
A B-29 crashed into Sobo Mountain due to poor visibility on 30 August 1945. The crash took the lives of all 12 crew members of the bomber. A monument called "Prayer of Peace" has been erected on the mountain with remains of the planes scattered around it.[23][24]
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Nicknamed "Over-Exposed!" after photographing the Bikini Atoll atomic tests in 1946. On a 3 November 1948 flight from RAF Scampton to RAF Burtonwood, crashed near Higher Shelf Stones, Bleaklow, killing all 13 crew members.
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Later flown to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake for use as a target, and subsequently abandoned. Still on bombing range, as of October 2023, and can be clearly seen in satellite imagery.
Built at Boeing Renton as B-29A. Submerged in a lake at Eielson AFB, south of Fairbanks, Alaska, where it was placed after being a "hangar queen" (1954) and having been cannibalized for parts. It was moved to its present location (possible between 1955 and 1956) and is believed to have been used for water ditching training exercises for aircrew members. 44-62214 is the first aircraft to detect a Soviet atomic detonation. It is not a wrecked aircraft inasmuch as it is an abandoned aircraft. Has acquired the nickname "Lady of the Lake."
Delivered to the USAAF on 15 February 1946. Assigned to 31st Bomb Squadron, 301st Bomb Wing, Smoky Hill AFB, Kansas. On the morning of January 17, 1949, it took off from RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire, England, on a return trip to her airfield at Smoky Hill AFB with 20 passengers and crew on board. The crew were reported to be on leave, having previously been involved in the Berlin Airlift. The planned route was overland via Scotland, then on to Keflavik, Iceland, where they would stop to refuel and take on supplies. The weather was variable, and as it reached Strathclyde, falling temperatures and cloud began to cause icing of their wings and control surfaces. At 09:50, it crashed into the side of Stob na Boine Druim-fhinn, a hill in Succoth Glen, spreading wreckage in the valley between Stob na Boine and Beinn Tharsuinn. All 20 passengers and crew perished, with the aircraft being consumed by the resultant fire.[25][26][27]
Built at Martin Omaha as B-29. Assigned to Combat Crew Training Squadron, 237th AAF Base Unit, Kirtland AAF, New Mexico. The plane had disintegrated mid-air and crashed at Soldier Creek. Only 1 out of the 10 crew survived the crash as he was thrown out of the aircraft with the tail section. A memorial is now erected on the crash site.[30][31]
Built at Boeing Wichita as B-29. Assigned to the 46th Reconnaissance Squadron based out of Ladd Army Airfield in Fairbanks, Alaska as part of Project Nanook in early 1946. Named "Kee Bird" by her crew. After crashing on a frozen lake in northwest Greenland on 21 February 1947 during a secret mission, it was abandoned almost intact in the arctic. In 1994, retired Lockheed test pilot Darryl Greenamyer led an expedition to recover the aircraft via repairing it on site and flying it out. The project was abandoned however after the B-29 caught fire and was severely damaged just prior to takeoff. It is currently sitting on the edge of a lake in far northwest Greenland. The attempt to rescue Kee Bird was the subject of a Nova episode entitled "B-29: Frozen in Time." The aircraft's remains are a protected site under Greenland's heritage laws, and claimed by the Greenland National Museum in Nuuk, Greenland.
Built at Boeing Wichita as B-29. Converted to B-29F electronic reconnaissance plane. On 21 July 1948 crashed in Lake Mead near Las Vegas, Nevada. Discovered intact in 2002 at a depth of 118 feet. In 2011 the plane was placed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Although the plane is the most intact of the remaining known wrecks, no plans have been made to recover it. Private dive tours are permitted.[32]
A B-29 crashed into the Manzano Mountains which later led to a Broken Arrow incident as it was carrying a nuclear weapon during the accident on 11 April 1950. All 13 crew members were killed in the crash alongside the disintegration of the nuclear weapon.[33] The wreckage still lies in pieces on the mountain. A marker was erected on the Manzano Mountains on 11 April 2019.[34][35]
A sunken B-29 bomber was picked up by sonar from NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer mapped around the north end of Tinian on 9 July 2016. A ROV, named Deep Discoverer was sent to inspect the wreck but with no luck identifying the bomber.[36] There are sunken B-29s in the area including 42–65347, 42–98958, 44-27315 and many more.[37][38]
Off Mañagaha Marine Conservation Area, a sunken B-29 bomber sits 8-12m on the sea bed which is now a popular diving location. No identifications were gathered from the aircraft.[39]
References
^Willis, David. "Boeing B-29 and B-50 Superfortress". International Air Power Review, Volume 22, 2007, pp. 136–169.
^Johnsen, Frederick A. (15 November 2019). "Doc's Saga". Air & Space Forces Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
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