List of recumbent stone circles
Type of stone circle found in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Tomnaverie recumbent stone circle
Recumbent stone circles are found in Aberdeenshire in northeast Scotland. Their most striking characteristic is that in the general direction of south-southwest there is a large stone lying on its side with its length lining up with the perimeter of the circle. Thought to have been from the Bronze Age , their unusual design, and the possibility of being associated with astronomical observations, has attracted several surveys starting at the beginning of the 20th century.
In 2011 the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland published an authoritative book on this type of monument and produced an online gazetteer. Since publication, two other recumbent stone circles have been identified by archaeologists.
Surveys including recumbent stone circles
Easter Aquorthies stone circle showing the recumbent stone and two flankers
The particular characteristic of recumbent stone circles is that, as well as being a ring of upright stones (orthostats ), they have a large stone lying on its side along the perimeter of the circle towards south to southwest. On both sides are particularly tall orthostats. The recumbent stone and flankers, as they are called, together form the recumbent setting. Around the ring the orthostats get progressively lower in height and more closely spaced until they reach the opposite side from the setting. These stone circles contain a low central ring cairn surrounded by comparatively small kerb stones.
Coles' plan of Easter Aquhorthies stone circle , 1900
Thought to have been built in the Bronze Age , over the millennia many of these circles have become ruinous, being particularly vulnerable in the 18th and 19th centuries due to agricultural improvement , so many stones have fallen or been taken away and, indeed, only about half of the circles show any signs of a cairn without archaeological excavation.
As early as 1527 Hector Boece was writing about the stone circles in Scottorum Historia . Until the mid 19th century these circles, when they were noticed at all, were spoken of as being "Druidical Temples" or similar epithets and it was Frederick Coles who was the first person to carry out a systematic survey which he published in an annual series of papers from 1900 to 1907 in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland .[note 1] Although Coles was careful and cautious in his identifications, he sometimes made misidentifications of circles in a ruinous condition. Somewhat similar stone circles were later found in the far southwest of Ireland where they were originally called recumbent stone circles until significant differences led to them becoming called "Cork–Kerry stone circles" and later axial stone circles .
OpenStreetMap display of recumbent circles (all but two in Aberdeenshire)
As part of their wider interest in northern European stone circles, the northeast Scotland circles attracted Alexander Thom , Aubrey Burl and Clive Ruggles who catalogued them as part of their investigations into whether the recumbent setting could in some way be shown to have an astronomical significance.[note 2] Those identified as recumbent stone circles all were found in the traditional counties of Aberdeenshire (historic county) and Kincardineshire (with a very few just over the borders into Angus , and Banffshire ). In current terms except for two they are all in the Aberdeenshire council area . In 2011 the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) published an authoritative book, Welfare (2011) , on recumbent stone circles specifically. The RCAHMS also issued an online gazetteer giving details of each monument that listed 71 as confirmed being recumbent and another 85 as not belonging in this category.
List of circles categorised as recumbent by RCAHMS
List of circles categorised as recumbent
No.[n 1]
Name, parish[n 2]
Condition Stones: S+F/T[n 3]
Code[n 4]
Diameter (metre)[n 5]
Axis[n 6]
Burl refs.[n 7]
Canmore map/ ID Grid ref[n 8]
Lat/ Long[n 9]
1
Aikey Brae ,Old Deer
ruin 5+5/11
wRE
16.5x15
185.5°
Ab90 Ab1
NJ94NE 420571 NJ958470
57°30′50″N 2°04′13″W / 57.51398°N 2.07041°W / 57.51398; -2.07041 (Aikey Brae )
2
Aquhorthies , Banchory-Devenick
good 15+0/18
WR_
25x23.5
174°
Ki165 Ki2[n 10]
NO99NW 137186 NO901963
57°03′29″N 2°09′49″W / 57.05801°N 2.16351°W / 57.05801; -2.16351 (Aquhorthies )
3
Ardlair, Kennethmont
ruin 5+3/9
WRE
11
159°
Ab91 Ab2
NJ52NE 417641 NJ552279
57°20′23″N 2°44′41″W / 57.33978°N 2.74472°W / 57.33978; -2.74472 (Ardlair )
4
Ardtannes Cottages, Inverurie
gone 0+0/?
___
-
NJ72SE 3418906 NJ757204
57°16′25″N 2°24′12″W / 57.27369°N 2.40327°W / 57.27369; -2.40327 (Ardtannes Cottages )
5
Auchlee, Banchory-Devenick
ruin 25+5/13
_R_
20
Ki1
NO89NE 437069 NO890968
57°03′46″N 2°10′56″W / 57.06284°N 2.18233°W / 57.06284; -2.18233 (Auchlee )
6
Auchmachar, Old Deer
gone 3+2/9
wrE
15
Ab4
NJ95SW 1120746 NJ948502
57°32′32″N 2°05′16″W / 57.54226°N 2.08784°W / 57.54226; -2.08784 (Auchmachar )
7
Auchmaliddie, New Deer
gone 0+2/?
wr_
-
Ab5
NJ84SE 119879 NJ881448
57°29′37″N 2°11′58″W / 57.49363°N 2.19932°W / 57.49363; -2.19932 (Auchmaliddie )
8
Balnacraig, Lumphanan
gone 3+2/13or14
_R_
29
224°
Ab8
NJ60SW 518024 NJ603035
57°07′16″N 2°39′24″W / 57.12099°N 2.65676°W / 57.12099; -2.65676 (Balnacraig )
9
Balquhain , Chapel of Garioch
ruin 6+4/14
WR_
21
190°
Ab94 Ab9
NJ72SW 218989 NJ735240
57°18′24″N 2°26′29″W / 57.30653°N 2.44147°W / 57.30653; -2.44147 (Balquhain )
10
Bankhead, Clatt
gone 0+1/10+
___
23
Ab27
NJ52NW 2517663 NJ529269
57°19′51″N 2°47′00″W / 57.33092°N 2.78341°W / 57.33092; -2.78341 (Bankhead )
11
Bellman's Wood, Marnoch
gone 0+2/?
___
6.9
Ba1
NJ65SW 418427 NJ604504
57°32′31″N 2°39′44″W / 57.54208°N 2.66215°W / 57.54208; -2.66215 (Bellman's Wood )
12
Berrybrae, Lonmay
ruin 5+0/10
WRE
13x10.7
231°
Ab95 Ab10
NK05NW 221099 NK027571
57°36′16″N 1°57′20″W / 57.60444°N 1.95563°W / 57.60444; -1.95563 (Berrybrae )
13
Binghill, Peterculter
gone 3+5/10+
wRe
11.3
187°
Ab11
NJ80SE 1619377 NJ855023
57°06′43″N 2°14′26″W / 57.11206°N 2.24069°W / 57.11206; -2.24069 (Binghill )
14
Blue Cairn of Ladieswell , Logie Coldstone
ruin 3+5/10
_R_
23
207°
Ab12
NJ40NW 417000 NJ411063
57°08′39″N 2°58′28″W / 57.14407°N 2.97446°W / 57.14407; -2.97446 (Blue Cairn of Ladieswell )
15
Braehead, Leslie
gone 1+0/?
_R_
-
Ab14
NJ52NE 617643 NJ592255
57°19′08″N 2°40′41″W / 57.31877°N 2.67805°W / 57.31877; -2.67805 (Braehead )
16
Cairn Riv ,[27] [n 11] Inverkeithny
gone 2+0/?
_R_
30+?
Ab20
NJ64NE 418323 NJ674465
57°30′30″N 2°32′42″W / 57.50833°N 2.54504°W / 57.50833; -2.54504 (Cairn Riv )
17
Cairnton, Forgue
gone 2+0/?
WR_
-
Ab22
NJ54SE 117855 NJ585446
57°29′25″N 2°41′33″W / 57.49036°N 2.6924°W / 57.49036; -2.6924 (Cairnton )
18
Candle Hill, Insch
ruin 1+7/9or10
wre
15.5
163.5°
Ab23
NJ52NE 1017615 NJ599299
57°21′30″N 2°40′05″W / 57.35844°N 2.66798°W / 57.35844; -2.66798 (Candle Hill )
19
Castle Fraser, Cluny
good 7+3/10
WRE
20.5
203°
Ab97 Ab25
NJ71SW 318719 NJ715125
57°12′10″N 2°28′24″W / 57.20266°N 2.47333°W / 57.20266; -2.47333 (Castle Fraser )
20
The Cloch, Benholm
unc. 1+0/?
_R_
-
Ki6
NO76NE 136304 NO781679
56°48′09″N 2°21′36″W / 56.80247°N 2.35987°W / 56.80247; -2.35987 (Cloch )
21
Clune Wood, Durris
ruin 7+2/9
WRE
17.5x16.7
183°
Ki18[n 12]
NO79SE 236696 NO794949
57°02′43″N 2°20′24″W / 57.04517°N 2.34013°W / 57.04517; -2.34013 (Clune Wood )
22
Colmeallie, Edzell [n 13]
gone 7+6/14
_rE
17
202.5°
An7
NO57NE 335145 NO565781
56°53′33″N 2°42′53″W / 56.8924°N 2.71479°W / 56.8924; -2.71479 (Colmeallie )
23
Corrie Cairn, Tullynessle and Forbes
unc. 2+0/?
_R_
18.9?
Ab30
NJ52SE 1317683 NJ552205
57°16′23″N 2°44′39″W / 57.27312°N 2.74421°W / 57.27312; -2.74421 (Corrie Cairn )
24
Corrstone Wood, Auchindoir and Kearn
gone 1+6/17+
Wre
28
Ab31
NJ52NW 217657 NJ510271
57°19′55″N 2°48′55″W / 57.33188°N 2.81532°W / 57.33188; -2.81532 (Corrstone Wood )
25
Corrydown, Auchterless
ruin 1+6/?
wR_
23
186°
Ab32
NJ74SW 1119197 NJ706444
57°29′22″N 2°29′27″W / 57.48942°N 2.49071°W / 57.48942; -2.49071 (Corrydown )
26
Cothiemuir Wood, Keig
ruin 7+1/13-
WRE
20
200°
Ab98 Ab34
NJ61NW 118055 NJ617198
57°16′02″N 2°38′11″W / 57.26725°N 2.63648°W / 57.26725; -2.63648 (Cothiemuir Wood )
27
Druidstone, Premnay
ruin 5+6/?
w_e
14.5
199°
Ab42
NJ62SW 418213 NJ615221
57°17′19″N 2°38′23″W / 57.2887°N 2.63984°W / 57.2887; -2.63984 (Druidstone )
28
Dunnideer , Insch
gone 3+0/?
WRE
-
Ab44
NJ62NW 418161 NJ608284
57°20′41″N 2°39′07″W / 57.34478°N 2.65194°W / 57.34478; -2.65194 (Dunnideer )
29
Easter Aquhorthies , Inverurie [n 14]
good 12+0/12
WRE
20x18.5
195.5°
Ab102 Ab46
NJ72SW 1218981 NJ732207
57°16′37″N 2°26′44″W / 57.27696°N 2.44559°W / 57.27696; -2.44559 (Easter Aquhorthies )
30
Eslie the Greater, Banchory-Ternan
ruin 9+0/12
WRE
24
176°
Ki169 Ki11
NO79SW 236714 NO717915
57°00′52″N 2°28′03″W / 57.01458°N 2.46748°W / 57.01458; -2.46748 (Eslie the Greater )
31
Frendraught, Forgue
gone 1+7/?
_R_
22x20
Ab50
NJ64SW 618370 NJ610428
57°28′27″N 2°39′01″W / 57.47423°N 2.65041°W / 57.47423; -2.65041 (Frendraught )
32
Gaval, Old Deer
gone 1+0/?
___
-
Ab53
NJ95SE 320734 NJ980515
57°33′13″N 2°02′03″W / 57.5536°N 2.03422°W / 57.5536; -2.03422 (Gaval )
33
The Gray Stone of Clochforbie, King Edward
gone 0+1/?
_r_
-
Ab28
NJ75NE 119227 NJ796586
57°37′02″N 2°20′30″W / 57.61719°N 2.34178°W / 57.61719; -2.34178 (Gray Stone of Clochforbie )
34
Hatton of Ardoyne, Oyne
good 5+4/13+
_RE
27x25
219.5°
Ab59
NJ62NE 718125 NJ659267
57°19′48″N 2°34′00″W / 57.3301°N 2.56665°W / 57.3301; -2.56665 (Hatton of Ardoyne )
35
Hill of Fiddes, Foveran
gone 2+0/10
WR_
14
Ab61
NJ92SW 120401 NJ935243
57°18′34″N 2°06′34″W / 57.30941°N 2.10952°W / 57.30941; -2.10952 (Hill of Fiddes )
36
Hill of Milleath, Cairnie
gone 0+0/?[n 15]
___
23.7
Ab54[n 16]
NJ44SE 917326 NJ467429
57°28′25″N 2°53′20″W / 57.47359°N 2.88884°W / 57.47359; -2.88884 (Hill of Milleath )
37
Inschfield, Insch
gone 1+2/?
_rE
23.5
Ab67
NJ62NW 618167 NJ623293
57°21′11″N 2°37′40″W / 57.35299°N 2.62766°W / 57.35299; -2.62766 (Inschfield )
38
Kirkton of Bourtie , Bourtie
ruin 5+0/10or11
_RE
22
Ab105 Ab68
NJ8ZSW 219708 NJ800248
57°18′51″N 2°19′56″W / 57.31405°N 2.33216°W / 57.31405; -2.33216 (Kirkton of Bourtie )
39
Loanend, Premnay
gone 2+0/?
_R_
25
Ab70
NJ62SW 118190 NJ604242
57°18′24″N 2°39′27″W / 57.30676°N 2.65741°W / 57.30676; -2.65741 (Loanend )
40
Loanhead of Daviot , Daviot
good 11+0/11
WRE
21
200°
Ab106 Ab71
NJ72NW 118789 NJ747288
57°20′58″N 2°25′15″W / 57.34945°N 2.42088°W / 57.34945; -2.42088 (Loanhead of Daviot )
41
Loudon Wood, Old Deer
ruin 4+3/10or11
WRe
19.6x17.5
194°
Ab108 Ab74
NJ94NE 120538 NJ960497
57°32′16″N 2°04′01″W / 57.53769°N 2.06695°W / 57.53769; -2.06695 (Loudon Wood )
42
Mains of Hatton, Auchterless
ruin 2+7/12+
_R_
23x21
165°
Ab75
NJ64SE 618357 NJ699425
57°28′20″N 2°30′11″W / 57.47212°N 2.50299°W / 57.47212; -2.50299 (Mains of Hatton )
43
Midmar Kirk, Midmar
OK 8+0/11
WRE
17
231°
Ab109 Ab78
NJ60NE 318001 NJ699064
57°08′54″N 2°29′54″W / 57.14831°N 2.49842°W / 57.14831; -2.49842 (Midmar Kirk )
44
Millplough, Arbuthnott
gone 1+0/?
_R_
20-
Ki15
NO87NW 636819 NO819754
56°52′12″N 2°17′54″W / 56.87001°N 2.29835°W / 56.87001; -2.29835 (Millplough )
45
Montgoldrum, The Camp, Arbuthnott
gone 3+2/?
_r_
23
179°
Ki5[n 17]
NO87NW 536818 NO816772
56°53′09″N 2°18′09″W / 56.88581°N 2.30258°W / 56.88581; -2.30258 (Montgoldrum )
46
Nether Dumeath, Glass
gone 2+4/12
___
11
Ab85
NJ43NW 717280 NJ425378
57°25′39″N 2°57′31″W / 57.42744°N 2.95866°W / 57.42744; -2.95866 (Nether Dumeath )
47
Netherton of Logie, Crimond
ruin 11+17/15?
WRE
17
185°
Ab86
NK05NW 321100 NK043572
57°36′18″N 1°55′44″W / 57.60497°N 1.92902°W / 57.60497; -1.92902 (Netherton of Logie )
48
New Craig, Daviot
gone 4+1/?
WRE
22+
Ab87
NJ72NW 318811 NJ745296
57°21′24″N 2°25′29″W / 57.35671°N 2.42462°W / 57.35671; -2.42462 (New Craig )
49
The Nine Stanes, Garrol, Banchory-Ternan
ruin 9+1/11
Wre
18.5x15.5
157.5°
Ki171 Ki13[n 18]
NO79SW 836748 NO723912
57°00′41″N 2°27′26″W / 57.01129°N 2.45723°W / 57.01129; -2.45723 (Nine Stanes )
50
North Strone, Alford
good 5+13/18
wrE
18.5
180°
Ab110 Ab88
NJ51SE 217588 NJ584138
57°12′50″N 2°41′23″W / 57.21388°N 2.6897°W / 57.21388; -2.6897 (North Strone )
51
Old Keig, Keig
ruin 4+4/?
WRE
27
212.5°
Ab111 Ab89
NJ51NE 217530 NJ596193
57°15′48″N 2°40′14″W / 57.26339°N 2.67057°W / 57.26339; -2.67057 (Old Keig )
52
Old Kirk of Tough, Cluny
ruin 2+0/11?
___
25?
Ab6
NJ60NW 118006 NJ625092
57°10′22″N 2°37′18″W / 57.17282°N 2.62179°W / 57.17282; -2.62179 (Old Kirk of Tough )
53
Old Rayne, Rayne
ruin 1+7/10+
___
26.5?
195°
Ab112 Ab90
NJ62NE 118081 NJ679279
57°20′28″N 2°32′01″W / 57.34121°N 2.53359°W / 57.34121; -2.53359 (Old Rayne )
54
Pitglassie, Auchterless
ruin 1+1/12-
_R_
18
Ab91
NJ64SE 818359 NJ686434
57°28′50″N 2°31′30″W / 57.48048°N 2.52495°W / 57.48048; -2.52495 (Pitglassie )
55
Potterton, Belhelvie
gone 1+2/?
wRe
-
Ab92
NJ91NE 720294 NJ952163
57°14′17″N 2°04′47″W / 57.23793°N 2.07965°W / 57.23793; -2.07965 (Potterton )
56
The Ringing Stone, Cairnie
gone 1+5/?
_R_
18.3
188.5°
Ab92 Ab3[n 19]
NJ54NW 1217827 NJ531454
57°29′49″N 2°46′59″W / 57.49683°N 2.78312°W / 57.49683; -2.78312 (Ringing Stone )
57
Rothiemay, Rothiemay [n 20]
ruin 5+0/12or14
_R_
28
216.5°
Ba134 Ba13
NJ54NE 620294 NJ550487
57°31′35″N 2°45′06″W / 57.5264°N 2.7517°W / 57.5264; -2.7517 (Rothiemay )
58
St Brandan's Stanes, Boyndie
gone 2+3/?
W_E
-
Ba14
NJ66SW 118495 NJ607610
57°38′16″N 2°39′33″W / 57.63767°N 2.65903°W / 57.63767; -2.65903 (St Brandan's Stanes )
59
South Fornet, Skene
ruin 2+6/?
W_E
26.8
Ab100
NJ71SE 118687 NJ782109
57°11′20″N 2°21′39″W / 57.18902°N 2.36081°W / 57.18902; -2.36081 (South Fornet )
60
South Ley Lodge, Kintore
gone 3+0/?
WRE
16.5? or 29.6?
Ab101
NJ71SE 318705 NJ766132
57°12′34″N 2°23′16″W / 57.20942°N 2.38783°W / 57.20942; -2.38783 (South Ley Lodge )
61
Stonehead, Insch
ruin 3+0/?
WRE
19x16?
Ab103
NJ62NW 518166 NJ601286
57°20′49″N 2°39′53″W / 57.34696°N 2.66461°W / 57.34696; -2.66461 (Stonehead )
62
Strichen House , Strichen [n 21]
OK 9+1/10
WRE
15.4x12.8
161°
Ab116 Ab105
NJ95SW 220754 NJ936544
57°34′49″N 2°06′27″W / 57.58024°N 2.10749°W / 57.58024; -2.10749 (Strichen House )
63
Sunhoney , Midmar
good 11+1/12
WrE
25
231°
Ab117 Ab106
NJ70NW 5518543 NJ715057
57°08′29″N 2°28′16″W / 57.14132°N 2.47106°W / 57.14132; -2.47106 (Sunhoney )
64
Tillyfourie, Monymusk
ruin 4+9/13
WRe
20
203°
Ab120[n 22]
NJ61SW 318074 NJ643135
57°12′39″N 2°35′33″W / 57.21087°N 2.59247°W / 57.21087; -2.59247 (Tillyfourie )
65
Tilquhillie, Banchory-Ternan
gone 1+1/?
___
-
Ki19
NO79SW 1036704 NO725940
57°02′11″N 2°27′17″W / 57.03627°N 2.45473°W / 57.03627; -2.45473 (Tilquhillie )
66
Tomnagorn, Midmar
ruin 7+5/12
WRE
21
202.5°
Ab118 Ab108
NJ60NE 117999 NJ651077
57°09′33″N 2°34′41″W / 57.15928°N 2.57792°W / 57.15928; -2.57792 (Tomnagorn )
67
Tomnaverie , Coull
OK[n 23] 11+0/13
wre[n 24]
17
235.5°
Ab119 Ab109
NJ40SE 117006 NJ486034
57°07′10″N 2°50′59″W / 57.11947°N 2.84962°W / 57.11947; -2.84962 (Tomnaverie )
68
Tyrebagger , Dyce
good 10+1/11
WRE
18.5
178.5°
Ab101 Ab45[n 25]
NJ40SE 1119513 NJ859132
57°12′34″N 2°14′03″W / 57.20944°N 2.23421°W / 57.20944; -2.23421 (Tyrebagger )
69
Wantonwells, Insch
gone 1+1/?
_Re
-
Ab115
NJ62NW 218139 NJ618272
57°20′04″N 2°38′06″W / 57.33454°N 2.63499°W / 57.33454; -2.63499 (Wantonwells )
70
Wester Echt, Echt
ruin 3+0/?
W__
23
Ab118
NJ70NW 218534 NJ738083
57°09′55″N 2°26′02″W / 57.16516°N 2.43399°W / 57.16516; -2.43399 (Wester Echt )
71
Yonder Bognie , Forgue
ruin 6+3/12-
WRe
22x18
182.5°
Ab122 Ab122
NJ64NW 1518335 NJ600457
57°30′01″N 2°40′05″W / 57.50037°N 2.66807°W / 57.50037; -2.66807 (Yonder Bognie )
Recently classified recumbent stone circles
Coles' sketch of Nether Coullie, 1901
In 2013 a site at Hillhead was excavated and found to be a recumbent stone circle. The site had been noticed in 1998 but was thought to have been the location of the remains of a roundhouse . The excavation uncovered the sockets for two flankers and a depression in the ground where the recumbent probably lay.[33] Nether Coullie stone circle was listed in the 2011 RCAHS gazetteer as not being a recumbent stone circle but following careful inspection of archive records and another site inspection it was reclassified in 2015.[34]
Other stone circles investigated recently, but which have found to be modern, include Mill of Birkenbower and Holmhead.[36] [37]
See also
Notes for table
^ Numbers are those of Welfare (2011a) .
^ a b From Welfare (2011a) . All are in the current Aberdeenshire council area except the two otherwise noted.
^ a b Condition: condition from Burl (2000 , Gazetteer). Burl classifies the sites as follows 1 (good) = Good, worth visiting; 2 (OK) = Good but restored; 3 (ruin) = Ruined but recognisable; 4 (gone) = Destroyed or unrecognisable; 5 (unc.) = Uncertain. S+F/T: Number of stones S tanding + number F allen or mere stumps / T otal number originally. Details from Welfare (2011a , Appendix 3) for standing and fallen and Welfare (2011a , Individual site entry in gazetteer) for original total.
^ a b Code for status of recumbent setting. W/w refers to west flanker, R/r to recumbent and E/e to east flanker. Upper case means standing, lower case means fallen, — means missing. Details from Welfare (2011a , Gazetteer entry for each circle) unless otherwise noted.
^ a b Diameters from Welfare (2011a) except where otherwise noted. Maximum and minimum given when oval.
^ a b Azimuth of the axis from centre of circle and over centre of recumbent stone from Ruggles (1984 , Table 2). South is 180°, southwest is 225°.
^ a b Reference numbers are those of Burl (1995) and later edition and Burl (2000) . In both books the entries are divided by traditional county (Ab=Aberdeenshire, An=Angus, Ba=Banffshire, Ki=Kincardinshire).
^ a b Canmore site reference and OS grid reference from Welfare (2011a) , grid references truncated from 8 to 6 figures.
^ a b Converted from 8-figure OS grid reference.
^ Burl calls Aquhorthies "Auchquhorthies".
^ Cairn Riv also called Carlin stone .
^ Burl calls Clune Wood "Raes o’Clune".
^ Colmeallie, Edzell is in the traditional county and council area of Angus
^ Coles calls Easter Aquhorthies "Auchquhorthies, Manar."
^ In 1905 Coles found the circle had been completely destroyed in about 1875.
^ Burl calls Milleath "Gingomyres"
^ Burl calls Montgoldrum "The Camp".
^ Burl calls Nine Stanes "Garrol Wood".
^ Burl calls Ringing Stone "Arnhill".
^ Rothiemay is in the council area of Moray .
^ Strichen House has been wholly reconstructed.
^ Burl calls Tillyfourie "Whitehill".
^ Status was "ruin" and stones 5+5/13 before 1999 reconstruction of Bradley (2005) .
^ According to Ruggles (1984 , Table 1). WRE after 1999 reconstruction.
^ Burl calls Tyrebagger "Dyce".
^ a b Only one fallen orthostat exists.[33]
^ a b Included in Welfare (2011a) in Appendix 1, number 65, as not meeting the requirements of an RSC.[34]
^ a b Only one fallen orthostat exists.[34]
Notes for introduction
References
Citations
Works cited
Bradley, Richard ; Phillips, Tim; Arrowsmith, Sharon; Ball, Chris (2005). The Moon and the Bonfire: an investigation of three stone circles in north-east Scotland . Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . ISBN 0903903334 . – available online
Bradley, Richard ; Clarke, Amanda (30 September 2016). "Excavations at Hillhead, Tarland, Aberdeenshire: a recumbent stone circle and its history" . In Nimura, Courtney; Bradley, Richard (eds.). The Use and reuse of stone circles: Fieldwork at five Scottish monuments and its implications . Oxbow Books. pp. 7–26. ISBN 978-1-78570-246-4 .
Burl, Aubrey (1995). A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany . Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06331-8 . – the 2005 edition sems the same but with an additional appendix
Burl, Aubrey (2000). The Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany . Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08347-5 .
Coles, Frederick (1900) [First published 30-11-1900]. "Report on Stone Circles in Kincardineshire (North), and part of Aberdeenshire, with measured Plans and Drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 34 (1899): 139–198.
Coles, Frederick (1901) [First published 30-11-1901]. "Report on the Stone Circles of the North-East of Scotland, Inverurie District, with Measured Plans and Drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 35 (1900): 187–248.
Coles, Frederick (1902) [First published 30-11-1902]. "Report on Stone Circles in Aberdeenshire (Inverurie, Eastern Parishes, and Insch Districts), with measured Plans and Drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 36 (1901): 488–581.
Coles, Frederick (1903) [First published 30-11-1903]. "Report on the Stone Circles of North-Eastern Scotland, chiefly in Auchterless and Forgue, with measured Plans and Drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 37 (1902): 82–142.
Coles, Frederick (1904) [First published 30-11-1904]. "Report on Stone Circles of the North-East of Scotland - the Buchan District - with measured Plans and Drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 38 (1903): 256–305.
Coles, Frederick (1905) [First published 30-11-1905]. "Record of (I) the Excavation of two Stone Circles in Kincardineshire: (1) in Garrol Wood, Durris; (2) in Glassel Wood, Banchory-Ternan; and (II) Report on Stone Circles in Aberdeenshire, with measured Plans and Drawings and (ii.) Report on stone circles in Aberdeenshire, with measured plans and drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 39 (1904): 190–218.
Coles, Frederick (1906) [First published 30-11-1906]. "Report on Stone Circles surveyed in the North-East of Scotland, chiefly in Banffshire, with measured Plans and Drawings" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 40 (1905): 164–206.
Davidson, John (1878). Inverurie and the earldom of the Garioch; a topographical and historical account of the Garioch from the earliest times to the revolution settlement . Edinburgh: David Douglas.
Noble, Gordon (2 January 2015). "Adam Welfare, edited by Stratford Halliday. Great crowns of stone: the recumbent stone circles of Scotland". Antiquity . 86 (332): 584–586. doi :10.1017/S0003598X00063109 .
Ó Nualláin, Seán (1975). "The Stone Circle Complex of Cork and Kerry". Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland . 105 : 83–131. JSTOR 25508668 .
Ritchie, James (1917) [First published 30-11-1917]. "Notes on some Stone Circles in Central Aberdeenshire" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 51 (1916): 30–47. ISSN 2056-743X .
Ritchie, James (1919) [First published 30-11-1919]. "Notes on some Stone Circles in the South of Aberdeenshire and North of Kincardineshire" . Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . 53 (1918). ISSN 2056-743X .
Ruggles, C. L. N. (1984) [First published 30-11-1916]. "A New Study of the Aberdeenshire Recumbent Stone Circles, 1: Site Data". Journal for the History of Astronomy, Archaeoastronomy Supplement . 15 : S55–S76. Bibcode :1984JHAS...15...55R . ISSN 0142-7253 .
Ruggles, C. L. N. ; Burl, H. A. W. (1985). "A New Study of the Aberdeenshire Recumbent Stone Circles, 2: Interpretation". Journal for the History of Astronomy, Archaeoastronomy Supplement . 16 : S25–S60. Bibcode :1985JHAS...16...25R . ISSN 0142-7253 .
Welfare, Adam (2011). Halliday, Stratford (ed.). Great Crowns of Stone: The Recumbent Stone Circles of Scotland . Edinburgh: RCAHMS . ISBN 978-1-902419-55-8 .
Welfare, Adam (2011a). Halliday, Stratford (ed.). Great Crowns of Stone: The Recumbent Stone Circles of Scotland Gazetteer and Appendices (PDF) . RCAHMS . Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2019. – only published online
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