This is a list of organizations opposing mainstream science by frequently challenging the facts and conclusions recognized by the mainstream scientific community. By claiming to employ the scientific method in order to advance certain fringe ideas and theories, they are often charged with promotion of various forms of pseudoscience.
Edinburgh Phrenological Society – founded in 1820, the society was influential in its time, helping popularize the concept of phrenology in the 19th century.[1] The last recorded meeting took place in 1870.[1]
Flat Earth Society – an organization which aims to further the idea that the Earth is flat instead of an oblate spheroid. The modern organization was founded by Englishman Samuel Shenton in 1956[2] and was later led by Charles K. Johnson, who based the organization in his home in Lancaster, California. The formal society was inactive after Johnson's death in 2001 but was resurrected in 2004 by its new president Daniel Shenton.[3]
Global Energy Balance Network – funded by Coca-Cola and promoting the idea that obesity is due to lifestyle alone, and not excessive calorie consumption.
Kepler College, which grants certificates (and previously degrees) in the studies of astrology.
Magi Society, an international association of astrologers.
National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality – an organization that offers conversion therapy and other treatments that purport to change the sexual orientation of individuals who experience unwanted same-sex attraction. The organization disagrees with the holding of the world's major mental health organizations that homosexuality is not a disorder.[5]
National Institute for Discovery Science – the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDSci) was a privately financed research organization based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, and operated from 1995 to 2004. It was founded in 1995 by real-estate developer Robert Bigelow, who set it up to research and advance serious study of various fringe science, and paranormal topics, most notably ufology.[6] Deputy Administrator Colm Kelleher was quoted as saying the organization was not designed to study UFOs only. "We don't study aliens, we study anomalies. They're the same thing in a lot of people's minds, but not in our minds."[7]
Natural Philosophy Alliance, an organization which believes there are fundamental flaws in theories such as relativity, the big bang, and plate tectonics.[8][9][10]
New England Antiquities Research Association, which believes in the occupation of New England by ancient Celts and other western Europeans long before the arrival of the Pilgrims in Massachusetts.
Noah's Ark Zoo Farm – a zoo near Bristol, UK, that incorporates its belief in Creationism in its educational material about animals.
Parapsychological Association – founded in 1957, the organization's purpose was "to advance parapsychology as a science, to disseminate knowledge of the field, and to integrate the findings with those of other branches of science."
Rosicrucian Fellowship, primarily a religious organization, but believing in unorthodox theories of the evolution of the planet Earth and life upon it.[citation needed]
Thule Society, largely political, but also believed in Ultima Thule as a lost ancient landmass in the extreme north, home of the Aryan race.
Groups promoting quackery
Quackery is the promotion of ineffective or fraudulent medical treatments.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, originally the Office of Alternative Medicine and subsequently the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, established due to the work of Senator Tom Harkin with a brief to validate alternative medicine. A 2012 review found that $1.3bn had been disbursed in grants, and not one treatment had been validated as a result.[13]
HeartMath Institute, a research and education organization that's known for promoting a concept called heart coherence,[14] which they believe enables the heart to amplify its psychic powers of telepathy and precognition.[15][16] Government reviews have failed to identify meta-analyses that support the efficacy of heart coherence techniques,[17][18] and they're currently listed on the quackwatch.org list of questionable organizations.[19]
Journals
Physics Essays, which have been described as a "free forum where extravagant views on physics (in particular, those involving parapsychology) are welcome."[20]
^ abKaufman, M. H (1998-10-01). "The Edinburgh phrenological debate of 1823 held in the Royal Medical Society". Journal of Neurolinguistics. 11 (4): 377–389. doi:10.1016/S0911-6044(98)00025-6. S2CID53203063.
^Margaret Wertheim (2011). Physics on the Fringe: Smoke Rings, Circlons, and Alternative Theories of Everything. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN978-0802778727. "Aside from the unorthodox titles of many papers, a high number of titles take issue with relativity theory", "In many ways there has never been a better time to be a fringe theorist. [...] for they effectively have their own union. Established by "discoverers" themselves, the Natural Philosophy Alliance serves as a publicly open forum in which outsiders can publish their ideas...", and "In rejecting mathematics as the universe's tongue, the Natural Philosophy Alliance insists on a "scientific line of reasoning" that corresponds to "everyday experience."
^Walter Noll (2006). "On the past and future of natural philosophy". Journal of Elasticity. 84 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s10659-006-9068-y. S2CID121957320."There is now an organization called The Natural Philosophy Alliance with the following description: [quote from web site] This "Alliance" is to genuine physics or natural philosophy as "Creation Science" is to genuine biology."
