List of nuclides
This list of nuclides shows observed nuclides that either are stable or, if radioactive, have half-lives longer than one hour. This represents isotopes of the first 105 elements, except for elements 87 (francium ), 102 (nobelium ) and 104 (rutherfordium ). At least 3,300 nuclides have been experimentally characterized[ 1] (see List of radioactive nuclides by half-life for the nuclides with decay half-lives less than one hour).
A nuclide is defined conventionally as an experimentally examined bound collection of protons and neutrons that either is stable or has an observed decay mode .
Introduction
There are 251 known so-called stable nuclides . Many of these in theory could decay through spontaneous fission , alpha decay , double beta decay , etc. with a very long half-life , but no radioactive decay has yet been observed. Thus, the number of stable nuclides is subject to change if some of these 251 are determined to be very long-lived radioactive nuclides in the future. In this article, the "stable" nuclides are divided into three tables, one for nuclides that are theoretically stable (meaning no decay mode is possible) and nuclides that can theoretically undergo spontaneous fission but have not been evaluated to check for evidence of this happening, one for nuclides that can theoretically undergo forms of decay other than spontaneous fission but have not been evaluated, and finally a table of nuclides that can theoretically decay and have been evaluated but without detecting any decay. In this latter table, where a decay has been predicted theoretically but never observed experimentally (either directly or through finding an excess of the daughter), the theoretical decay mode is given in parentheses and have "> number " in the half-life column to show the lower limit for the half-life based on experimental observation. Such nuclides are considered to be "stable" until a decay has been observed in some fashion. For example, tellurium-123 was reported to be radioactive, but the same experimental group later retracted this report, and it presently remains observationally stable.
The next group is the primordial radioactive nuclides. These have been measured to be radioactive, or decay products have been identified in natural samples (tellurium-128, barium-130). There are 35 of these (see these nuclides ), of which 25 have half-lives longer than 1013 years. With most of these 25, decay is difficult to observe and for most purposes they can be regarded as effectively stable. Bismuth-209 is notable as it is the only naturally occurring isotope of an element which was long considered stable. A further 10 nuclides, platinum-190 , samarium-147 , lanthanum-138 , rubidium-87 , rhenium-187 , lutetium-176 , thorium-232 , uranium-238 , potassium-40 , and uranium-235 have half-lives between 7.0× 108 and 4.83× 1011 years, which means they have experienced at least 0.5% depletion since the formation of the Solar System about 4.6× 109 years ago, but still exist on Earth in significant quantities. They are the primary source of radiogenic heating and radioactive decay products. Together, there are a total of 286 primordial nuclides .[ a]
The list then covers the ~700 radionuclides with half-lives longer than 1 hour, split into two tables, half-lives greater than one day and less than one day.
Over 60 nuclides that have half-lives too short to be primordial can be detected in nature as a result of later production by natural processes, mostly in trace amounts. These include ~44 radionuclides occurring in the decay chains of primordial uranium and thorium (radiogenic nuclides ), such as radon-222 . Others are the products of interactions with energetic cosmic-rays (e.g. cosmic ray spallation) (cosmogenic nuclides ), such as carbon-14. This gives a total of about 350 naturally occurring nuclides. Other nuclides may be occasionally produced naturally by rare cosmogenic interactions or as a result of other natural nuclear reactions (nucleogenic nuclides), but are difficult to detect.
Further shorter-lived nuclides have been detected in the spectra of stars, such as isotopes of technetium, promethium, and some actinides. The remaining nuclides are known solely from artificial nuclear transmutation . Some, such as caesium-137 , are found in the environment but as a result of contamination from releases of man-made nuclear fission product (from nuclear weapons, nuclear reactors, and other processes). Other are produced artificially for industrial or medical purposes.
List legend
Each group of radionuclides, starting with the longest-lived primordial radionuclides, is sorted by decreasing half-life, but the tables are sortable by other columns.
no (number) column
A running positive integer for reference. This number, i.e. position in this table, might be changed in the future, especially for nuclides with short half-lives.
nuclide column
Nuclide identifiers are given by their atomic mass number A and the symbol for the corresponding chemical element (corresponding to the unique proton number). In the cases that this is not the ground state , this is indicated by a m for metastable appended to the mass number. Sorting here sorts by mass number.
Z, N column
The number of protons (Z column) and number of neutrons (N column).
energy column
The column labeled "energy" denotes the energy equivalent of the mass of a neutron minus the mass per nucleon of this nuclide (so all nuclides get a positive value) in MeV , formally: m n − m nuclide / A , where A = Z + N is the mass number. Note that this means that a higher "energy" value actually means that the nuclide has a lower energy. The mass of the nuclide (in daltons ) is A (m n − E / k ) where E is the energy, m n is 1.008664916 Da and k = 931.49410242 the conversion factor between MeV and daltons.
half-life column
The main column shows times in seconds (31,556,926 seconds = 1 tropical year ); a second column showing half-life in more usual units (year, day) is also provided.
Entries starting with a ">" indicates that no decay has ever been observed, with null experiments establishing lower limits for the half-life. Such elements are considered stable unless a decay can be observed (establishing an actual estimate for the half-life). Note half-lives may be imprecise estimates and can be subject to significant revision.
decay mode column
Decay modes in parentheses are still not observed through experiment but are, by their energy, predicted to occur. Numbers in brackets indicate probability of that decay mode occurring in %, tr indicate <0.1%. Spontaneous fission is not shown as a theoretical decay mode for stable nuclides where other modes are possible (see these nuclides ).
decay energy column
Multiple values for (maximal) decay energy are mapped to decay modes in their order. The decay energy listed is for the specific nuclide only, not for the whole decay chain . It includes the energy lost to neutrinos .
notes column
CG
Cosmogenic nuclide ;
DP
Naturally occurring decay product (of thorium-232, uranium-238, and uranium-235);
ESS
Present in the early Solar System (first few million years), but extinct now as a primordial nuclide.
FP
Nuclear fission product (only those from uranium-235 or plutonium-239) (only those with a half-life over one day are shown);
IM
Industry or medically used radionuclide.[ 3]
Full list
Theoretically stable nuclides
These are the theoretically stable nuclides, ordered by "energy".
No.
Nuclide
A
Z
N
Energy (MeV)
1
56 Fe
56
26
30
9.153567
2
62 Ni
62
28
34
9.147877
3
60 Ni
60
28
32
9.145862
4
58 Fe
58
26
32
9.142938
5
52 Cr
52
24
28
9.137037
6
57 Fe
57
26
31
9.127119
7
59 Co
59
27
32
9.126046
8
54 Cr
54
24
30
9.125633
9
61 Ni
61
28
33
9.124129
10
55 Mn
55
25
30
9.120611
11
64 Ni
64
28
36
9.119754
12
66 Zn
66
30
36
9.115258
13
53 Cr
53
24
29
9.114435
14
63 Cu
63
29
34
9.112272
15
65 Cu
65
29
36
9.106154
16
68 Zn
68
30
38
9.100845
17
50 Ti
50
22
28
9.099861
18
51 V
51
23
28
9.094884
19
67 Zn
67
30
37
9.084468
20
48 Ti
48
22
26
9.081488
21
72 Ge
72
32
40
9.079465
22
70 Ge
70
32
38
9.079372
23
69 Ga
69
31
38
9.076078
24
88 Sr
88
38
50
9.070438
25
74 Ge
74
32
42
9.063522
26
49 Ti
49
22
27
9.062323
27
76 Se
76
34
42
9.061485
28
71 Ga
71
31
40
9.059218
29
78 Se
78
34
44
9.058842
30
90 Zr
90
40
50
9.057631
31
89 Y
89
39
50
9.056743
32
86 Sr
86
38
48
9.054160
33
82 Kr
82
36
46
9.054126
34
84 Kr
84
36
48
9.052649
35
73 Ge
73
32
41
9.048006
36
87 Sr
87
38
49
9.046964
37
75 As
75
33
42
9.045093
38
80 Kr
80
36
44
9.044984
39
77 Se
77
34
43
9.040153
40
85 Rb
85
37
48
9.037998
41
91 Zr
91
40
51
9.037156
42
83 Kr
83
36
47
9.034966
43
79 Br
79
35
44
9.034220
44
81 Br
81
35
46
9.033979
45
92 Zr
92
40
52
9.032783
46
46 Ti
46
22
24
9.030532
47
47 Ti
47
22
25
9.027336
48
44 Ca
44
20
24
9.013793
49
94 Mo
94
42
52
9.011856
50
93 Nb
93
41
52
9.009051
51
96 Mo
96
42
54
8.996229
52
95 Mo
95
42
53
8.994564
53
42 Ca
42
20
22
8.989116
54
38 Ar
38
18
20
8.984870
55
45 Sc
45
21
24
8.983945
56
97 Mo
97
42
55
8.973806
57
98 Ru
98
44
54
8.971572
58
43 Ca
43
20
23
8.964551
59
100 Ru
100
44
56
8.963517
60
99 Ru
99
44
55
8.956348
61
34 S
34
16
18
8.951675
62
40 Ar
40
18
22
8.947325
63
102 Ru
102
44
58
8.944837
64
101 Ru
101
44
57
8.942117
65
41 K
41
19
22
8.938623
66
39 K
39
19
20
8.938174
67
104 Pd
104
46
58
8.930847
68
37 Cl
37
17
20
8.929760
69
103 Rh
103
45
58
8.925910
70
36 S
36
16
20
8.923108
71
106 Pd
106
46
60
8.919460
72
105 Pd
105
46
59
8.913356
73
35 Cl
35
17
18
8.900285
74
108 Pd
108
46
62
8.900253
75
107 Ag
107
47
60
8.897514
76
110 Cd
110
48
62
8.892718
77
30 Si
30
14
16
8.885761
78
109 Ag
109
47
62
8.885300
79
32 S
32
16
16
8.884318
80
33 S
33
16
17
8.876964
81
31 P
31
15
16
8.859744
82
28 Si
28
14
14
8.838935
83
29 Si
29
14
15
8.826327
84
112 Cd
112
48
64
8.880077
85
111 Cd
111
48
63
8.875445
86
114 Sn
114
50
64
8.865722
87
113 In
113
49
64
8.862212
88
116 Sn
116
50
66
8.860362
89
115 Sn
115
50
65
8.854249
90
118 Sn
118
50
68
8.848073
91
117 Sn
117
50
67
8.843977
92
120 Sn
120
50
70
8.830537
93
119 Sn
119
50
69
8.828201
94
121 Sb
121
51
70
8.811783
95
122 Te
122
52
70
8.811606
96
124 Te
124
52
72
8.801364
97
123 Sb
123
51
72
8.796727
98
126 Te
126
52
74
8.786126
99
125 Te
125
52
73
8.783505
100
128 Xe
128
54
74
8.773359
101
127 I
127
53
74
8.771981
102
130 Xe
130
54
76
8.762725
103
129 Xe
129
54
75
8.758904
104
132 Xe
132
54
78
8.747695
105
131 Xe
131
54
77
8.746253
106
134 Ba
134
56
78
8.735133
107
133 Cs
133
55
78
8.733515
108
136 Ba
136
56
80
8.724908
109
135 Ba
135
56
79
8.722072
110
137 Ba
137
56
81
8.711628
111
138 Ba
138
56
82
8.710904
112
27 Al
27
13
14
8.708242
113
140 Ce
140
58
82
8.700494
114
139 La
139
57
82
8.698892
115
26 Mg
26
12
14
8.694981
116
141 Pr
141
59
82
8.681405
117
142 Nd
142
60
82
8.676646
118
24 Mg
24
12
12
8.651911
119
25 Mg
25
12
13
8.599047
120
156 Gd
156
64
92
8.536342
121
157 Gd
157
64
93
8.522478
122
158 Gd
158
64
94
8.518775
123
159 Tb
159
65
94
8.508680
124
23 Na
23
11
12
8.485675
125
163 Dy
163
66
97
8.478607
126
164 Dy
164
66
98
8.473604
127
22 Ne
22
10
12
8.436087
128
20 Ne
20
10
10
8.423422
129
16 O
16
8
8
8.367390
130
21 Ne
21
10
11
8.344280
131
19 F
19
9
10
8.149612
132
17 O
17
8
9
8.118904
133
18 O
18
8
10
8.114744
134
12 C
12
6
6
8.071327
135
15 N
15
7
8
8.064594
136
14 N
14
7
7
7.866827
137
13 C
13
6
7
7.830943
138
4 He
4
2
2
7.465077
139
11 B
11
5
6
7.283337
140
10 B
10
5
5
6.866257
141
9 Be
9
4
5
6.810483
142
7 Li
7
3
4
5.941599
143
6 Li
6
3
3
5.723527
144
3 He
3
2
1
3.094327
145
2 H
2
1
1
1.503327
146
1 H
1
1
0
0.782327
Nuclides that are observationally stable, having theoretical decay modes other than spontaneous fission
Ordered by "energy".
No.
Nuclide
A
Z
N
Energy
Decay mode
Decay energy (MeV)
147
80 Se
80
34
46
9.043326
(β− β− )
0.134
148
86 Kr
86
36
50
9.039532
(β− β− )
1.256
149
84 Sr
84
38
46
9.031375
(β+ β+ )
1.787
150
102 Pd
102
46
56
8.933337
(β+ β+ )
1.172
151
36 Ar
36
18
18
8.911105
(β+ β+ )
0.433
152
122 Sn
122
50
72
8.808590
(β− β− )
0.366
153
150 Sm
150
62
88
8.585043
(α)
1.449
154
152 Sm
152
62
90
8.563227
(α)
0.220
155
154 Gd
154
64
90
8.549985
(α)
0.081
156
155 Gd
155
64
91
8.536341
(α)
0.081
157
164 Er
164
68
96
8.473462
(β+ β+ , α)
0.024, 1.304
158
165 Ho
165
67
98
8.464689
(α)
0.139
159
166 Er
166
68
98
8.462482
(α)
0.831
160
167 Er
167
68
99
8.450350
(α)
0.666
161
168 Er
168
68
100
8.446308
(α)
0.553
162
169 Tm
169
69
100
8.433931
(α)
1.200
163
170 Yb
170
70
100
8.428792
(α)
1.738
164
171 Yb
171
70
101
8.418182
(α)
1.559
165
172 Yb
172
70
102
8.415864
(α)
1.310
166
173 Yb
173
70
103
8.404023
(α)
0.946
167
174 Yb
174
70
104
8.398624
(α)
0.740
168
175 Lu
175
71
104
8.386589
(α)
1.620
169
181 Ta
181
73
108
8.338961
(α)
1.526
170
185 Re
185
75
110
8.308204
(α)
2.195
171
191 Ir
191
77
114
8.263508
(α)
2.084
172
194 Pt
194
78
116
8.250519
(α)
1.504
173
193 Ir
193
77
116
8.250259
(α)
1.017
174
195 Pt
195
78
117
8.239516
(α)
1.158
175
196 Pt
196
78
118
8.237896
(α)
0.794
176
197 Au
197
79
118
8.229404
(α)
0.954
177
198 Hg
198
80
118
8.227663
(α)
1.383
178
199 Hg
199
80
119
8.219805
(α)
0.824
179
200 Hg
200
80
120
8.218848
(α)
0.718
180
201 Hg
201
80
121
8.208956
(α)
0.334
181
202 Hg
202
80
122
8.206703
(α)
0.136
182
203 Tl
203
81
122
8.198230
(α)
0.911
183
204 Hg
204
80
124
8.192358
(β− β− )
0.416
184
205 Tl
205
81
124
8.187526
(α)
0.157
Observationally stable nuclides for which decay has been searched for but not found (only lower bounds known)
Ordered by lower bound on half-life.
No.
Nuclide
A
Z
N
Energy
Half-life (seconds)
Half-life (years)
Decay mode
Decay energy (MeV)
185
134 Xe
134
54
80
8.728973
> 8.8× 1029
> 2.8× 1022 [ 4]
(β− β− )
0.825
186
40 Ca
40
20
20
8.942485
> 3.1× 1029
> 9.9× 1021 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
0.194
187
184 W
184
74
110
8.319737
> 2.8× 1029
> 8.9× 1021 [ 5]
(α)
1.656
188
182 W
182
74
108
8.336424
> 2.4× 1029
> 7.7× 1021 [ 5]
(α)
1.772
189
208 Pb
208
82
126
8.175888
> 8.2× 1028
> 2.6× 1021 [ 6]
(α)
0.519
190
206 Pb
206
82
124
8.186791
> 7.9× 1028
> 2.5× 1021 [ 6]
(α)
1.137
191
126 Xe
126
54
72
8.779010
> 6.0× 1028
> 1.9× 1021 [ 7]
(β+ β+ )
0.897
192
207 Pb
207
82
125
8.179791
> 6.0× 1028
> 1.9× 1021 [ 6]
(α)
0.391
193
120 Te
120
52
68
8.816369
> 5.0× 1028
> 1.6× 1021 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
1.700
194
106 Cd
106
48
58
8.893327
> 3.5× 1028
> 1.1× 1021 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
2.770
195
58 Ni
58
28
30
9.109736
> 2.2× 1028
> 7.0× 1020 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
1.926
196
183 W
183
74
109
8.324699
> 2.1× 1028
> 6.7× 1020 [ 5]
(α)
1.680
197
104 Ru
104
44
60
8.918337
> 2.0× 1028
> 6.5× 1020 [ 8]
(β− β− )
1.300
198
54 Fe
54
26
28
9.113040
> 1.4× 1028
> 4.4× 1020 [ 9]
(β+ β+ )
0.680
199
132 Ba
132
56
76
8.741288
> 9.5× 1027
> 3.0× 1020 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
0.846
200
110 Pd
110
46
64
8.874500
> 9.1× 1027
> 2.9× 1020 [ 5]
(β− β− )
2.000
201
92 Mo
92
42
50
9.014860
> 6.0× 1027
> 1.9× 1020 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
1.649
202
204 Pb
204
82
122
8.194414
> 4.4× 1027
> 1.4× 1020 [ 6]
(α)
1.972
203
112 Sn
112
50
62
8.862944
> 3.1× 1027
> 9.7× 1019 [ 10]
(β+ β+ )
1.922
204
96 Ru
96
44
52
8.967911
> 2.5× 1027
> 8.0× 1019 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
2.719
205
192 Os
192
76
116
8.258202
> 1.7× 1027
> 5.3× 1019 [ 5]
(β− β− , α)
0.413, 0.362
206
198 Pt
198
78
120
8.222378
> 1.0× 1027
> 3.2× 1019 [ 11]
(β− β− , α)
1.047, 0.087
207
160 Gd
160
64
96
8.496009
> 9.8× 1026
> 3.1× 1019 [ 5]
(β− β− )
1.729
208
144 Sm
144
62
82
8.640577
> 4.4× 1026
> 1.4× 1019 [ 12]
(β+ β+ )
1.781
209
190 Os
190
76
114
8.275045
> 3.8× 1026
> 1.2× 1019 [ 13]
(α)
1.378
210
64 Zn
64
30
34
9.102634
> 3.5× 1026
> 1.1× 1019 [ 14]
(β+ β+ )
1.096
211
74 Se
74
34
40
9.047175
> 2.2× 1026
> 7.0× 1018 [ 15]
(β+ β+ )
1.209
212
186 W
186
74
112
8.299873
> 1.3× 1026
> 4.1× 1018 [ 5]
(α)
1.123
213
70 Zn
70
30
40
9.065109
> 1.2× 1026
> 3.8× 1018 [ 5]
(β− β− )
0.998
214
188 Os
188
76
112
8.290138
> 1.0× 1026
> 3.3× 1018 [ 13]
(α)
2.143
215
143 Nd
143
60
83
8.658792
> 9.8× 1025
> 3.1× 1018 [ 5]
(α)
0.521
216
148 Nd
148
60
88
8.594388
> 9.5× 1025
> 3.0× 1018 [ 5]
(β− β− , α)
1.929, 0.599
217
142 Ce
142
58
84
8.666666
> 9.1× 1025
> 2.9× 1018 [ 5]
(β− β− , α)
1.417, 1.298
218
179 Hf
179
72
107
8.353293
> 8.5× 1025
> 2.7× 1018 [ 16]
(α)
1.806
219
196 Hg
196
80
116
8.233710
> 7.9× 1025
> 2.5× 1018 [ 5]
(β+ β+ , α)
0.820, 2.027
220
154 Sm
154
62
92
8.541857
> 7.3× 1025
> 2.3× 1018 [ 5]
(β− β− )
1.251
221
146 Nd
146
60
86
8.625649
> 5.0× 1025
> 1.6× 1018 [ 5]
(β− β− , α)
0.070, 1.182
222
50 Cr
50
24
26
9.076517
> 4.1× 1025
> 1.3× 1018 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
1.167
223
178 Hf
178
72
106
8.365958
> 4.1× 1025
> 1.3× 1018 [ 16]
(α)
2.083
224
177 Hf
177
72
105
8.370139
> 3.5× 1025
> 1.1× 1018 [ 16]
(α)
2.245
225
156 Dy
156
66
90
8.523443
> 3.2× 1025
> 1.0× 1018 [ 5]
(β+ β+ , α)
2.011, 1.758
226
153 Eu
153
63
90
8.550893
> 1.8× 1025
> 5.5× 1017 [ 5]
(α)
0.274
227
180 Hf
180
72
108
8.347930
> 1.5× 1025
> 4.6× 1017 [ 16]
(α)
1.283
228
108 Cd
108
48
60
8.897735
> 1.3× 1025
> 4.1× 1017 [ 5]
(β+ β+ )
0.272
229
170 Er
170
68
102
8.424945
> 1.3× 1025
> 4.1× 1017 [ 5]
(β− β− , α)
0.654, 0.050
230
138 Ce
138
58
80
8.705878
> 1.3× 1025
> 4.0× 1017 [ 17]
(β+ β+ )
0.694
231
180m Ta
180
73
107
8.342767
> 9.1× 1024
> 2.9× 1017 [ 18]
(β− , ε, IT, α)
0.783, 0.929, 2.103
232
176 Hf
176
72
104
8.381427
> 8.5× 1024
> 2.7× 1017 [ 16]
(α)
2.255
233
46 Ca
46
20
26
9.009047
> 5.7× 1024
> 1.8× 1017 [ 19]
(β− β− )
0.988
234
176 Yb
176
70
106
8.375271
> 5.0× 1024
> 1.6× 1017 [ 5]
(β− β− , α)
1.083, 0.570
235
94 Zr
94
40
54
8.999698
> 3.5× 1024
> 1.1× 1017 [ 5]
(β− β− )
1.144
236
124 Sn
124
50
74
8.782914
> 3.2× 1024
> 1.0× 1017 [ 5]
(β− β− )
2.287
237
162 Dy
162
66
96
8.492234
> 3.2× 1024
> 1.0× 1017 [ 20]
(α)
0.085
238
136 Ce
136
58
78
8.707122
> 3.0× 1024
> 9.6× 1016 [ 17]
(β+ β+ )
2.419
239
114 Cd
114
48
66
8.860985
> 2.9× 1024
> 9.2× 1016 [ 5]
(β− β− )
0.540
240
123 Te
123
52
71
8.796302
> 2.9× 1024
> 9.2× 1016 [ 21]
(ε)
0.052
241
145 Nd
145
60
85
8.632963
> 1.9× 1024
> 6.0× 1016 [ 5]
(α)
1.578
242
192 Pt
192
78
114
8.260353
> 1.9× 1024
> 6.0× 1016 [ 5]
(α)
2.418
243
161 Dy
161
66
95
8.494067
> 1.1× 1024
> 3.5× 1016 [ 20]
(α)
0.344
244
160 Dy
160
66
94
8.506816
> 2.7× 1023
> 8.5× 1015 [ 20]
(α)
0.439
245
189 Os
189
76
113
8.277599
> 1.1× 1023
> 3.5× 1015 [ 13]
(α)
1.976
246
187 Os
187
76
111
8.291746
> 1.0× 1023
> 3.2× 1015 [ 13]
(α)
2.720
247
149 Sm
149
62
87
8.589058
> 6.3× 1022
> 2.0× 1015 [ 5]
(α)
1.870
248
158 Dy
158
66
92
8.516973
> 3.2× 1022
> 1.0× 1015 [ 20]
(β+ β+ , α)
0.283, 0.875
249
162 Er
162
68
94
8.480852
> 4.4× 1021
> 1.4× 1014 [ 5]
(β+ β+ , α)
1.844, 1.646
250
168 Yb
168
70
98
8.437845
> 4.1× 1021
> 1.3× 1014 [ 5]
(β+ β+ , α)
1.422, 1.951
251
98 Mo
98
42
56
8.970426
> 3.2× 1021
> 1.0× 1014 [ 5]
(β− β− )
0.112
Primordial radioactive nuclides (half-life > 108 years)
Ordered by half-life.
No.
Nuclide
A
Z
N
Energy
Half-life
Decay mode
Decay energy (MeV)
(seconds)
(years)
252
128 Te
128
52
76
8.743261
6.94× 1031
2.2× 1024
β− β−
0.868
253
124 Xe
124
54
70
8.778264
5.68× 1029
1.8× 1022
εε
2.864
254
78 Kr
78
36
42
9.022349
2.90× 1029
9.2× 1021
εε
2.846
255
136 Xe
136
54
82
8.706805
7.5× 1028
2.38× 1021
β− β−
2.462
256
76 Ge
76
32
44
9.034656
5.642× 1028
1.8× 1021
β− β−
2.039
257
130 Ba
130
56
74
8.742574
3.79× 1028
1.2× 1021
εε
2.620
258
130 Te
130
52
78
8.766578
2.496× 1028
7.91× 1020
β− β−
2.530
259
82 Se
82
34
48
9.017596
3.408× 1027
1.1× 1020
β− β−
2.995
260
48 Ca
48
20
28
8.992452
1.766× 1027
5.6× 1019 [ 5]
β− β−
4.274
261
116 Cd
116
48
68
8.836146
9.783× 1026
3.1× 1019
β− β−
2.809
262
209 Bi
209
83
126
8.158689
6.343× 1026
2.01× 1019
α
3.137
263
96 Zr
96
40
56
8.961359
6.3× 1026
2.0× 1019
β− β−
3.348
264
150 Nd
150
60
90
8.562594
2.935× 1026
9.3× 1018 [ 5]
β− β−
3.367
265
100 Mo
100
42
58
8.933167
2.231× 1026
7.07× 1018 [ 5]
β− β−
3.035
266
151 Eu
151
63
88
8.565759
1.458× 1026
4.62× 1018
α
1.964
267
180 W
180
74
106
8.347127
5.680× 1025
1.8× 1018
α
2.509
268
50 V
50
23
27
9.055759
8.552× 1024
2.71× 1017
β+ , β−
2.205, 1.038
269
174 Hf
174
72
102
8.392287
2.2× 1024
7.0× 1016 [ 22]
α
2.497
270
113 Cd
113
48
65
8.859372
2.430× 1023
7.7× 1015
β−
0.321
271
148 Sm
148
62
86
8.607423
1.988× 1023
6.3× 1015
α
1.986
272
144 Nd
144
60
84
8.652947
7.227× 1022
2.29× 1015
α
1.905
273
186 Os
186
76
110
8.302508
6.312× 1022
2.0× 1015
α
2.823
274
115 In
115
49
66
8.849910
1.392× 1022
4.4× 1014
β−
0.499
275
152 Gd
152
64
88
8.562868
3.408× 1021
1.1× 1014
α
2.203
276
184 Os
184
76
108
8.311850
3.53× 1020
1.12× 1013
α
2.963
277
190 Pt
190
78
112
8.267764
1.524× 1019
4.83× 1011
α
3.252
278
147 Sm
147
62
85
8.610593
3.364× 1018
1.066× 1011
α
2.310
279
138 La
138
57
81
8.698320
3.250× 1018
1.03× 1011
β+ , β−
1.737, 1.044
280
87 Rb
87
37
50
9.043718
1.568× 1018
4.97× 1010
β−
0.283
281
187 Re
187
75
112
8.291732
1.300× 1018
4.12× 1010
β−
0.0026
282
176 Lu
176
71
105
8.374665
1.187× 1018
3.764× 1010
β− , β+ [ 5]
1.193
283
232 Th
232
90
142
7.918533
4.434× 1017
1.406× 1010
α, SF
4.083
284
238 U
238
92
146
7.872551
1.410× 1017
4.471× 109
α, SF, β− β−
4.270
285
40 K
40
19
21
8.909707
3.938× 1016
1.25× 109
β− , β+
1.311, 1.505, 1.505
286
235 U
235
92
143
7.897198
2.222× 1016
7.04× 108
α, SF
4.679
Radionuclides with half-lives of 10,000 years to 108 years
Ordered by half-life. Some of these are known to have been present in the early Solar System (marked "ESS", meaning the first few million years of the Solar System's history), because of an excess of their decay products.[ 23]
No.
Nuclide
Z
N
Energy
Half-life
Decay mode
Notes
(seconds)
(years)
287
146 Sm
62
84
8.626136
2.903× 1015
9.20× 107 [ 2]
α
ESS[ 23]
288
244 Pu
94
150
7.826221
2.525× 1015
8.0× 107
α, SF
interstellar,[ 24] ESS[ 23]
289
92 Nb
41
51
9.010980
1.095× 1015
3.47× 107
β+ , β−
CG,[ 25] ESS[ 23]
290
236 U
92
144
7.891470
7.391× 1014
2.34× 107
α, SF
DP
291
205 Pb
82
123
8.187279
5.459× 1014
1.73× 107
β+
ESS[ 23]
292
129 I
53
76
8.757397
4.955× 1014
1.57× 107
β−
CG, FP, ESS[ 23]
293
247 Cm
96
151
7.806008
4.923× 1014
1.56× 107
α
ESS[ 23]
294
182 Hf
72
110
8.324399
2.809× 1014
8.90× 106
β−
ESS[ 23]
295
107 Pd
46
61
8.897197
2.051× 1014
6.50× 106
β−
FP, ESS[ 23]
296
97 Tc
43
54
8.970503
1.329× 1014
4.21× 106
β+
297
98 Tc
43
55
8.953246
1.325× 1014
4.20× 106
β−
298
53 Mn
25
28
9.103175
1.180× 1014
3.74× 106
β+
CG, ESS[ 23]
299
60 Fe
26
34
9.094861
8.268× 1013
2.62× 106
β−
CG,[ 26] interstellar,[ 27] ESS[ 23]
300
210m Bi
83
127
8.140473
9.594× 1013
3.04× 106
α
301
237 Np
93
144
7.881989
6.766× 1013
2.14× 106
α, SF
DP
302
150 Gd
64
86
8.576454
5.649× 1013
1.79× 106
α
303
93 Zr
40
53
9.008069
4.828× 1013
1.53× 106
β−
FP
304
154 Dy
66
88
8.528457
4.415× 1013
1.40× 106 [ 28]
α
305
10 Be
4
6
6.810657
4.377× 1013
1.387× 106
β−
CG, ESS[ 23]
306
135 Cs
55
80
8.720082
4.194× 1013
1.33× 106 [ 5]
β−
FP
307
26 Al
13
13
8.540954
2.263× 1013
717000
β+
CG, ESS[ 23]
308
242 Pu
94
148
7.845218
1.183× 1013
375000
α, SF
309
208 Bi
83
125
8.162049
1.161× 1013
368000
β+
310
248 Cm
96
152
7.799586
1.098× 1013
348000
α, SF
311
36 Cl
17
19
8.891380
9.499× 1012
301000
β− , β+
CG, IM
312
79 Se
34
45
9.032310
9.309× 1012
295000
β−
FP
313
234 U
92
142
7.908308
7.747× 1012
245500
α, SF
DP
314
126 Sn
50
76
8.754026
7.258× 1012
223000
β−
FP
315
81 Kr
36
45
9.030513
7.227× 1012
229000
β+
CG
316
99 Tc
43
56
8.953379
6.662× 1012
211100
β−
FP, DP
317
186m Re
75
111
8.295958
6.312× 1012
200000
IT
318
233 U
92
141
7.912873
5.024× 1012
159200
α, SF
DP
319
236 Np
93
143
7.887514
4.860× 1012
154000
β+ , β− , α
320
41 Ca
20
21
8.928347
3.219× 1012
102000
β+
CG, ESS[ 23]
321
59 Ni
28
31
9.107863
2.398× 1012
76000
β+
322
230 Th
90
140
7.937136
2.379× 1012
75400
α, SF
DP
323
137 La
57
80
8.707101
1.893× 1012
60000
β+
324
202 Pb
82
120
8.199714
1.657× 1012
52500
β+
325
231 Pa
91
140
7.926627
1.034× 1012
32770
α, SF
DP
326
239 Pu
94
145
7.868022
7.609× 1011
24110
α, SF
IM, DP
327
94 Nb
41
53
8.990099
6.406× 1011
20300
β−
CG[ 25]
Radionuclides with half-lives of 10 years to 10,000 years
Ordered by half-life.
no
nuclide
Z
N
energy
half-life (seconds)
half-life (years)
decay mode
notes
328
250 Cm
96
154
7.779371
2.619× 1011
8300
SF, α, β−
329
245 Cm
96
149
7.822329
2.60× 1011
8250
α, SF
330
243 Am
95
148
7.836035
2.326× 1011
7371
α, SF
331
229 Th
90
139
7.942127
2.316× 1011
7339
α
DP
332
240 Pu
94
146
7.862465
2.070× 1011
6560
α, SF
DP
333
14 C
6
8
7.855620
1.799× 1011
5700
β−
CG, IM
334
93 Mo
42
51
9.004693
1.53× 1011
4839[ 29]
β+
335
246 Cm
96
150
7.816781
1.502× 1011
4760
α, SF
336
163 Ho
67
96
8.478591
1.442× 1011
4570
β+
337
226 Ra
88
138
7.966597
5.049× 1010
1600
α
DP
338
247 Bk
97
150
7.806182
4.355× 1010
1380
α
339
166m Ho
67
99
8.451273
3.787× 1010
1200
β−
340
251 Cf
98
153
7.775969
2.834× 1010
898
α, SF
341
91 Nb
41
50
9.023327
2.146× 1010
680
β+
342
194 Hg
80
114
8.237271
1.401× 1010
444
β+
343
108m Ag
47
61
8.881439
1.382× 1010
437.9
β+ , IT
344
241 Am
95
146
7.851676
1.364× 1010
432.2
α, SF
IM
345
249 Cf
98
151
7.791305
1.108× 1010
351.1
α, SF
346
39 Ar
18
21
8.923686
8.489× 109
269
β−
CG
347
192m Ir
77
115
8.251875
7.605× 109
241
IT
348
158 Tb
65
93
8.511055
5.680× 109
180
β+ , β−
349
242m Am
95
147
7.841913
4.450× 109
141
IT, α, SF
350
32 Si
14
18
8.823856
4.166× 109
132
β−
CG
351
209 Po
84
125
8.149633
3.913× 109
124
α, β+
352
63 Ni
28
35
9.111210
3.159× 109
101
β−
IM
353
151 Sm
62
89
8.565251
2.840× 109
90.0
β−
FP
354
238 Pu
94
144
7.877358
2.768× 109
87.7
α, SF
IM, DP
355
148 Gd
64
84
8.586706
2.74× 109
86.9[ 30]
α
356
157 Tb
65
92
8.522096
2.241× 109
71.0
β+
357
232 U
92
140
7.922143
2.174× 109
68.9
α, SF
358
44 Ti
22
22
8.924702
1.893× 109
59.1
β+
359
193 Pt
78
115
8.249965
1.578× 109
50.0
β+
360
121m Sn
50
71
8.808499
1.385× 109
43.89
IT, β−
361
150 Eu
63
87
8.569974
1.164× 109
36.89
β+
362
42 Ar
18
24
8.890923
1.038× 109
32.9
β−
363
207 Bi
83
124
8.168209
1.038× 109
31.6
β+
364
178m2 Hf
72
106
9.776× 108
31
IT
365
137 Cs
55
82
8.703047
9.477× 108
30.1
β−
FP, IM
366
243 Cm
96
147
7.836004
9.183× 108
29.1
α, β+ , SF
367
90 Sr
38
52
9.026239
9.120× 108
28.9
β−
FP, IM
368
210 Pb
82
128
8.141462
7.006× 108
22.2
β− , α
DP, IM
369
227 Ac
89
138
7.957447
6.871× 108
21.77
β− , α
DP
370
244 Cm
96
148
7.831763
5.712× 108
18.1
α, SF
371
145 Pm
61
84
8.631838
5.586× 108
17.7
β+ , α
372
93m Nb
41
52
5.084× 108
16.1
IT
373
241 Pu
94
147
7.851590
4.510× 108
14.3
β− , α, SF
374
113m Cd
48
65
4.380× 108
13.9
β− , IT
FP
375
152 Eu
63
89
8.550897
4.262× 108
13.51
β+ , β−
376
250 Cf
98
152
7.786640
4.128× 108
13.08
α, SF
377
3 H
1
2
3.087994
3.888× 108
12.32
β−
CG, IM
378
85 Kr
36
49
9.029919
3.384× 108
10.72
β−
FP, IM
379
133 Ba
56
77
8.729624
3.319× 108
10.52
β+
Radionuclides with half-lives of 1 day to 10 years
Ordered by half-life.
no
nuclide
Z
N
energy
half-life (seconds)
half-life
decay mode
notes
380
248 Bk
97
151
7.796811
> 2.84× 108
> 9 y
α
381
154 Eu
63
91
8.537200
2.711× 108
8.60 y
β− , β+
382
194 Os
76
118
8.238508
1.893× 108
6.0 y
β−
383
228 Ra
88
140
7.944390
1.815× 108
5.75 y
β−
DP
384
146 Pm
61
85
8.615574
1.745× 108
5.53 y
β+ , β−
385
60 Co
27
33
9.098811
1.663× 108
5.27 y
β−
IM
386
155 Eu
63
92
8.534711
1.500× 108
4.75 y
β−
FP
387
204 Tl
81
123
8.190671
1.193× 108
3.78 y
β− , β+
IM
388
174 Lu
71
103
8.390726
1.045× 108
3.31 y
β+
389
101 Rh
45
56
8.936753
1.041× 108
3.3 y
β+
390
102m Rh
45
57
8.920680
9.152× 107
2.9 y
β+ , IT
391
208 Po
84
124
8.155315
9.145× 107
2.898 y
α, β+
392
236 Pu
94
142
7.889536
9.019× 107
2.858 y
α, SF
393
125 Sb
51
74
8.777367
8.705× 107
2.759 y
β−
FP
394
55 Fe
26
29
9.116407
8.637× 107
2.737 y
β+
395
252 Cf
98
154
7.769605
8.347× 107
2.645 y
α, SF
IM
396
147 Pm
61
86
8.609068
8.279× 107
2.624 y
β−
FP, DP
397
22 Na
11
11
8.306891
8.213× 107
2.603 y
β+
CG
398
134 Cs
55
79
8.719768
6.517× 107
2.065 y
β− , β+
FP
399
171 Tm
69
102
8.417620
6.059× 107
1.92 y
β−
400
228 Th
90
138
7.953906
6.033× 107
1.912 y
α
DP
401
172 Hf
72
100
8.399252
5.901× 107
1.87 y
β+
402
179 Ta
73
106
8.352703
5.743× 107
1.82 y
β+
403
173 Lu
71
102
8.400147
4.323× 107
1.37 y
β+
404
252 Es
99
153
7.764621
4.075× 107
1.291 y
α, β+ , β−
405
109 Cd
48
61
8.883327
3.986× 107
1.263 y
β+
406
235 Np
93
142
7.896669
3.422× 107
1.084 y
β+ , α
407
106 Ru
44
62
8.885686
3.228× 107
1.023 y
β−
FP
408
144 Pm
61
83
8.636751
3.136× 107
363 d
β+
409
145 Sm
62
83
8.627590
2.938× 107
340 d
β+
410
248 Cf
98
150
7.800198
2.881× 107
333.4 d
α, SF
411
249 Bk
97
152
7.790805
2.851× 107
330 d
β− , α, SF
412
49 V
23
26
9.050040
2.843× 107
329.1 d
β+
413
54 Mn
25
29
9.100131
2.697× 107
312.2 d
β+ , β−
IM
414
119m1 Sn
50
69
2.534× 107
293.1 d
IT
415
144 Ce
58
86
8.629918
2.462× 107
285 d
β−
FP
416
254 Es
99
155
7.748524
2.382× 107
275.7 d
α, β− , SF, β+
417
57 Co
27
30
9.112454
2.348× 107
271.8 d
β+
IM
418
68 Ge
32
36
9.056327
2.341× 107
271 d
β+
IM
419
143 Pm
61
82
8.651509
2.290× 107
265 d
β+
420
110m Ag
47
63
8.865355
2.158× 107
249.8 d
β− , IT
421
65 Zn
30
35
9.085352
2.105× 107
243.6 d
β+
IM
422
153 Gd
64
89
8.547731
2.077× 107
240.4 d
β+
IM
423
102 Rh
45
57
1.788× 107
207 d
β+ , β−
424
195 Au
79
116
8.238353
1.608× 107
186.1 d
β+
425
194m Ir
77
117
8.238025
1.477× 107
170.9 d
β−
426
184m Re
75
109
8.310670
1.460× 107
169 d
IT, β+
427
242 Cm
96
146
7.844860
1.407× 107
162.8 d
α, SF
428
45 Ca
20
25
8.978261
1.405× 107
162.6 d
β−
429
177m Lu
71
106
8.361829
1.386× 107
160.4 d
β− , IT
430
121m Te
52
69
8.800749
1.331× 107
154.1 d
IT, β+
431
159 Dy
66
93
8.506378
1.248× 107
144.4 d
β+
432
174m1 Lu
71
103
1.227× 107
142 d
IT, EC
433
210 Po
84
126
8.147295
1.196× 107
138.4 d
α
DP
434
139 Ce
58
81
8.696881
1.189× 107
137.6 d
β+
435
123 Sn
50
73
8.785311
1.116× 107
129.2 d
β−
436
170 Tm
69
101
8.423096
1.111× 107
128.6 d
β− , β+
437
151 Gd
64
87
8.562685
1.071× 107
124 d
β+ , α
438
181 W
74
107
8.337924
1.047× 107
121.2 d
β+
439
75 Se
34
41
9.033581
1.035× 107
119.8 d
β+
IM
440
123m Te
52
71
1.03× 107
119.2 d
IT
441
113 Sn
50
63
8.853035
9.944× 106
115.1 d
β+
442
182 Ta
73
109
8.326456
9.887× 106
114.4 d
β−
443
127m Te
52
75
8.765759
9.418× 106
109 d
IT, β−
444
88 Y
39
49
9.029272
9.212× 106
106.6 d
β+
445
257 Fm
100
157
7.726619
8.683× 106
100.5 d
α, SF
446
185 Os
76
109
8.302730
8.087× 106
93.6 d
β+
447
168 Tm
69
99
8.436316
8.044× 106
93.1 d
β+ , β−
448
149 Eu
63
86
8.584395
8.044× 106
93.1 d
β+
449
97m Tc
43
54
7.862× 106
91 d
IT, EC
450
35 S
16
19
8.895510
7.561× 106
87.51 d
β−
CG
451
83 Rb
37
46
9.024038
7.448× 106
86.2 d
β+
452
46 Sc
21
25
8.979091
7.239× 106
83.78 d
β−
453
88 Zr
40
48
9.021589
7.206× 106
83.4 d
β+
454
73 As
33
40
9.043341
6.938× 106
80.3 d
β+
455
56 Co
27
29
9.072031
6.673× 106
77.23 d
β+
456
185 W
74
111
8.305866
6.489× 106
75.1 d
β−
457
192 Ir
77
115
6.379× 106
73.827 d
β− , EC
IM
458
160 Tb
65
95
8.495346
6.247× 106
72.3 d
β−
459
58 Co
27
31
9.103153
6.122× 106
70.86 d
β+
460
183 Re
75
108
8.321661
6.048× 106
70 d
β+
461
175 Hf
72
103
8.382665
6.048× 106
70 d
β+
462
188 W
74
114
8.277003
6.029× 106
69.78 d
β−
463
85 Sr
38
47
9.025480
5.602× 106
64.84 d
β+
464
95 Zr
40
55
8.972989
5.532× 106
64.03 d
β−
FP
465
95m Tc
43
52
8.976359
5.270× 106
61 d
β+ , IT
466
91m Nb
41
50
5.258× 106
60.86 d
IT, EC
467
254 Cf
98
156
7.751087
5.227× 106
60.5 d
SF, α
468
124 Sb
51
73
8.777943
5.194× 106
60.12 d
β−
469
125 I
53
72
8.782019
5.132× 106
59.4 d
β+
IM
470
91 Y
39
52
9.020174
5.055× 106
58.51 d
β−
FP
471
125m Te
52
73
4.959× 106
57.4 d
IT
472
148 Eu
63
85
8.586882
4.709× 106
54.5 d
β+ , α
473
7 Be
4
3
5.818470
4.598× 106
53.22 d
β+
CG
474
258 Md
101
157
7.715948
4.450× 106
51.5 d
α, SF
475
89 Sr
38
51
9.039969
4.369× 106
50.57 d
β−
FP, IM
476
114m In
49
65
8.846608
4.278× 106
49.51 d
IT, β+
477
146 Gd
64
82
8.592512
4.171× 106
48.28 d
β+
478
203 Hg
80
123
8.195806
4.026× 106
46.6 d
β−
479
237 Pu
94
143
7.881060
3.905× 106
45.2 d
β+ , α
480
115m Cd
48
67
8.835754
3.850× 106
44.56 d
β−
481
59 Fe
26
33
9.099516
3.844× 106
44.49 d
β−
IM
482
181 Hf
72
109
8.333272
3.662× 106
42.38 d
β−
483
148m Pm
61
87
8.589800
3.567× 106
41.28 d
β− , IT
484
105 Ag
47
58
8.900547
3.567× 106
41.28 d
β+
485
255 Es
99
156
7.741567
3.439× 106
39.8 d
β− , α, SF
486
103 Ru
44
59
8.918500
3.392× 106
39.26 d
β−
FP
487
127 Xe
54
73
8.766768
3.145× 106
36.4 d
β+
488
184 Re
75
109
3.059× 106
35.4 d
β+
489
95 Nb
41
54
8.984821
3.023× 106
34.99 d
β−
FP
490
37 Ar
18
19
8.907752
3.020× 106
34.95 d
β+
CG
491
129m Te
52
77
8.744953
2.903× 106
33.6 d
IT, β−
492
84 Rb
37
47
9.020732
2.860× 106
33.1 d
β+ , β−
493
241 Cm
96
145
7.848492
2.834× 106
32.8 d
β+ , α
494
141 Ce
58
83
8.677286
2.809× 106
32.51 d
β−
FP
495
169 Yb
70
99
8.428546
2.767× 106
32.03 d
β+
IM
496
260 Md
101
159
7.699789
2.748× 106
31.81 d
SF, α, β+ , β−
497
51 Cr
24
27
9.080127
2.393× 106
27.7 d
β+
IM
498
240 Cm
96
144
7.855805
2.333× 106
27 d
α, β+ , SF
499
233 Pa
91
142
7.910426
2.331× 106
26.98 d
β−
DP
500
82 Sr
38
44
8.998254
2.208× 106
25.56 d
β+
IM
501
33 P
15
18
8.869434
2.189× 106
25.34 d
β−
502
179m2 Hf
72
107
2.164× 106
25.05 d
IT
503
234 Th
90
144
7.897763
2.082× 106
24.1 d
β−
DP
504
147 Eu
63
84
8.598879
2.082× 106
24.1 d
β+ , α
505
178 W
74
104
8.354563
1.866× 106
21.6 d
β+
506
230 U
92
138
7.933871
1.797× 106
20.8 d
α, SF
507
253 Es
99
154
7.759019
1.769× 106
20.5 d
α, SF
508
121 Te
52
69
1.656× 106
19.2 d
ε
509
227 Th
90
137
7.957644
1.614× 106
18.7 d
α
DP
510
86 Rb
37
49
9.033502
1.611× 106
18.6 d
β− , β+
511
253 Cf
98
155
7.757885
1.539× 106
17.8 d
β− , α
512
74 As
33
41
9.028895
1.535× 106
17.8 d
β+ , β−
513
230 Pa
91
139
7.931436
1.503× 106
17.4 d
β+ , β− , α
514
103 Pd
46
57
8.920638
1.468× 106
17.0 d
β+
IM
515
99 Rh
45
54
8.935711
1.391× 106
16.1 d
β+
516
48 V
23
25
8.997890
1.380× 106
15.97 d
β+
517
191 Os
76
115
8.261870
1.331× 106
15.41 d
β−
518
205 Bi
83
122
8.174069
1.323× 106
15.31 d
β+
519
156 Eu
63
93
8.520642
1.312× 106
15.19 d
β−
520
225 Ra
88
137
7.973576
1.287× 106
14.9 d
β−
DP
521
32 P
15
17
8.830865
1.232× 106
14.268 d
β−
CG, IM
522
117m Sn
50
67
1.21× 106
14 d
IT
523
143 Pr
59
84
8.652258
1.172× 106
13.56 d
β−
524
189 Ir
77
112
8.274783
1.140× 106
13.19 d
β+
525
136 Cs
55
81
8.706171
1.127× 106
13.04 d
β−
526
126 I
53
73
8.769026
1.117× 106
12.93 d
β+ , β−
527
140 Ba
56
84
8.666120
1.102× 106
12.75 d
β−
FP
528
126 Sb
51
75
8.757042
1.067× 106
12.35 d
β−
529
202 Tl
81
121
8.199956
1.057× 106
12.23 d
β+
530
131m Xe
54
77
1.023× 106
11.84 d
IT
531
190 Ir
77
113
8.264755
1.018× 106
11.78 d
β+
532
131 Ba
56
75
8.733037
9.936× 105
11.5 d
β+
533
223 Ra
88
135
7.994042
9.876× 105
11.43 d
α
DP, IM
534
71 Ge
32
39
9.055943
9.876× 105
11.43 d
β+
535
147 Nd
60
87
8.602973
9.487× 105
10.98 d
β−
536
246 Pu
94
152
7.805494
9.366× 105
10.84 d
β−
537
193m Ir
77
116
9.098× 105
10.53 d
IT
538
188 Pt
78
110
8.272514
8.813× 105
10.2 d
β+ , α
539
92m Nb
41
51
8.770× 105
10.15 d
β+ , α
540
225 Ac
89
136
7.975159
8.571× 105
9.92 d
α
DP
541
131 Cs
55
76
8.743541
8.371× 105
9.69 d
β+
IM
542
125 Sn
50
75
8.758515
8.329× 105
9.64 d
β−
543
169 Er
68
101
8.431852
8.115× 105
9.39 d
β−
IM
544
149 Gd
64
85
8.575576
8.018× 105
9.28 d
β+ , α
545
167 Tm
69
98
8.445866
7.992× 105
9.25 d
β+
546
129m Xe
54
75
7.672× 105
8.88 d
IT
547
206 Po
84
122
8.159590
7.603× 105
8.80 d
β+ , α
548
72 Se
34
38
9.014300
7.258× 105
8.40 d
β+
549
106m Ag
47
59
8.890639
7.154× 105
8.28 d
β+
550
171 Lu
71
100
8.409532
7.119× 105
8.24 d
β+
551
131 I
53
78
8.738842
6.930× 105
8.02 d
β−
FP, IM
552
257 Es
99
158
7.723468
6.653× 105
7.7 d
β− , SF
553
111 Ag
47
64
8.866111
6.437× 105
7.45 d
β−
554
161 Tb
65
96
8.490383
5.967× 105
6.91 d
β−
555
237 U
92
145
7.879800
5.832× 105
6.75 d
β−
DP
556
172 Lu
71
101
8.401217
5.789× 105
6.70 d
β+
IM
557
177 Lu
71
106
5.743× 105
6.65 d
β−
558
132 Cs
55
77
8.731599
5.599× 105
6.48 d
β+ , β−
559
206 Bi
83
123
8.168551
5.394× 105
6.24 d
β+
560
196 Au
79
117
8.230205
5.328× 105
5.17 d
β+ , β−
561
56 Ni
28
28
9.033899
5.249× 105
6.08 d
β+
562
118 Te
52
66
8.814726
5.184× 105
6 d
β+
563
145 Eu
63
82
8.609245
5.124× 105
5.93 d
β+
564
120m Sb
51
69
8.808194
4.977× 105
5.76 d
β+
565
52 Mn
25
27
9.046431
4.831× 105
5.59 d
β+
566
148 Pm
61
87
4.638× 105
5.37 d
β−
567
156 Tb
65
91
8.520667
4.622× 105
5.35 d
β+
568
155 Tb
65
90
8.531031
4.596× 105
5.32 d
β+
569
133 Xe
54
79
8.730302
4.530× 105
5.24 d
β−
IM
570
183 Ta
73
110
8.318847
4.406× 105
5.10 d
β−
571
210 Bi
83
127
4.330× 105
5.01 d
β− , α
DP
572
245 Bk
97
148
7.819020
4.268× 105
4.94 d
β+ , α
573
119m Te
52
67
8.801773
4.061× 105
4.7 d
β+ , IT
574
146 Eu
63
83
8.599560
3.983× 105
4.61 d
β+
575
47 Ca
20
27
8.972181
3.919× 105
4.54 d
β−
576
234 Np
93
141
7.900571
3.802× 105
4.4 d
β+
577
101m Rh
45
56
3.74× 105
4.34 d
ε, IT
578
193m Pt
78
115
3.74× 105
4.33 d
IT
579
96 Tc
43
53
8.965255
3.698× 105
4.28 d
β+
580
231 U
92
139
7.924977
3.629× 105
4.2 d
β+ , α
581
175 Yb
70
105
8.383902
3.616× 105
4.19 d
β−
582
124 I
53
71
8.775884
3.608× 105
4.18 d
β+
IM
583
195m Pt
78
117
3.46× 105
4.01 d
IT
584
127 Sb
51
76
8.754005
3.326× 105
3.85 d
β−
585
222 Rn
86
136
7.997573
3.304× 105
3.82 d
α
DP
586
186 Re
75
111
3.21× 105
3.72 d
β−,e
IM
587
224 Ra
88
136
7.987277
3.138× 105
3.63 d
α
DP
588
100 Pd
46
54
8.923587
3.136× 105
3.63 d
β+
589
95m Nb
41
54
3.11× 105
3.61 d
IT, β−
590
166 Dy
66
100
8.448376
2.938× 105
3.4 d
β−
591
140 Nd
60
80
8.673113
2.912× 105
3.37 d
β+
592
47 Sc
21
26
9.014564
2.894× 105
3.35 d
β−
593
87 Y
39
48
9.025565
2.873× 105
3.33 d
β+
594
89 Zr
40
49
9.024912
2.823× 105
3.27 d
β+
595
67 Ga
31
36
9.069532
2.819× 105
3.26 d
β+
IM
596
132 Te
52
80
8.716646
2.768× 105
3.2 d
β−
FP
597
134 Ce
58
76
8.704432
2.730× 105
3.16 d
β+
598
199 Au
79
120
8.217534
2.712× 105
3.14 d
β−
599
201 Tl
81
120
8.206561
2.625× 105
3.04 d
β+
IM
600
253 Fm
100
153
7.757691
2.592× 105
3. d
β+ , α
601
191 Pt
78
113
8.258228
2.473× 105
2.86 d
β+
602
111 In
49
62
8.867688
2.423× 105
2.8 d
β+
IM
603
97 Ru
44
53
8.959080
2.411× 105
2.79 d
β+
604
99 Mo
42
57
8.939669
2.375× 105
2.75 d
β−
FP, IM
605
122 Sb
51
71
8.795346
2.353× 105
2.72 d
β− , β+
606
71 As
33
38
9.027581
2.350× 105
2.72 d
β+
607
198 Au
79
119
8.220732
2.329× 105
2.7 d
β−
IM
608
197 Hg
80
117
8.226358
2.309× 105
2.67 d
β+
609
90 Y
39
51
9.032294
2.306× 105
2.67 d
β−
IM
610
182 Re
75
107
8.321053
2.304× 105
2.67 d
β+
611
172 Tm
69
103
8.404932
2.290× 105
2.65 d
β−
612
67 Cu
29
38
9.076086
2.226× 105
2.58 d
β−
IM
613
44m Sc
21
23
8.924627
2.110× 105
2.44 d
IT, β+
614
128 Ba
56
72
8.738523
2.100× 105
2.43 d
β+
615
77 Br
35
42
9.022431
2.053× 105
2.38 d
β+
616
166 Yb
70
96
8.442340
2.041× 105
2.36 d
β+
617
177 Ta
73
104
8.363553
2.036× 105
2.36 d
β+
618
239 Np
93
146
7.864999
2.036× 105
2.36 d
β−
DP
619
153 Tb
65
88
8.537471
2.022× 105
2.34 d
β+
620
66 Ni
28
38
9.071423
1.966× 105
2.28 d
β−
621
247 Pu
94
153
7.791975
1.961× 105
2.27 d
β−
622
198m2 Au
79
119
1.96× 105
2.27 d
IT
623
115 Cd
48
67
1.92× 105
2.23 d
β−
624
149 Pm
61
88
8.581871
1.911× 105
2.21 d
β−
625
133m Xe
54
79
1.89× 105
2.20 d
IT
626
203 Pb
82
121
8.193431
1.869× 105
2.16 d
β+
627
238 Np
93
145
7.871931
1.829× 105
2.12 d
β−
628
240 Am
95
145
7.856694
1.829× 105
2.12 d
β+ , α
629
172 Er
68
104
8.399752
1.775× 105
2.05 d
β−
630
170 Lu
71
99
8.408445
1.738× 105
2.01 d
β+
631
72 Zn
30
42
9.017591
1.674× 105
1.94 d
β−
632
153 Sm
62
91
8.545614
1.666× 105
1.93 d
β−
IM
633
202 Pt
78
124
8.183209
1.584× 105
1.83 d
β−
634
48 Sc
21
27
8.998327
1.572× 105
1.82 d
β−
635
246 Bk
97
149
7.811287
1.555× 105
1.8 d
β+ , α
636
195m Hg
80
115
8.229399
1.498× 105
1.73 d
IT, β+
637
188 Ir
77
111
8.275200
1.494× 105
1.73 d
β+
638
140 La
57
83
8.673620
1.450× 105
1.68 d
β−
639
254m Es
99
155
1.41× 105
1.64 d
β−, IT, α, EC, SF
640
69 Ge
32
37
9.043800
1.406× 105
1.63 d
β+
641
133m Ba
56
77
1.4× 105
1.62 d
IT,e
642
77 As
33
44
9.031283
1.398× 105
1.62 d
β−
643
119 Sb
51
68
8.823235
1.375× 105
1.59 d
β+
644
147 Gd
64
83
8.584001
1.370× 105
1.59 d
β+
645
194 Au
79
115
8.237626
1.369× 105
1.58 d
β+
646
229 Pa
91
138
7.940769
1.296× 105
1.5 d
β+ , α
647
246 Cf
98
148
7.810792
1.285× 105
1.49 d
α, β+ , SF
648
57 Ni
28
29
9.055222
1.282× 105
1.48 d
β+
649
105 Rh
45
60
8.907956
1.273× 105
1.47 d
β−
FP
650
82 Br
35
47
9.016407
1.270× 105
1.47 d
β−
651
79 Kr
36
43
9.013644
1.261× 105
1.46 d
β+
652
137m Ce
58
79
8.696327
1.238× 105
1.43 d
IT, β+
653
169 Lu
71
98
8.414978
1.226× 105
1.42 d
β+
654
143 Ce
58
85
8.642041
1.189× 105
1.38 d
β−
655
251 Es
99
152
7.774467
1.188× 105
1.38 d
β+ , α
656
83 Sr
38
45
8.996568
1.167× 105
1.35 d
β+
657
129 Cs
55
74
8.749622
1.154× 105
1.34 d
β+
658
268 Db
105
163
7.635133
1.152× 105
1.33 d
SF, EC, α[ 31]
659
232 Pa
91
141
7.916379
1.132× 105
1.31 d
β− , β+
660
193 Os
76
117
8.244348
1.084× 105
1.25 d
β−
661
165 Tm
69
96
8.452758
1.082× 105
1.25 d
β+
662
131m Te
52
79
8.720392
1.080× 105
1.25 d
β− , IT
663
226 Ac
89
137
7.963761
1.057× 105
1.22 d
β− , β+ , α
664
160 Er
68
92
8.484190
1.029× 105
1.19 d
β+
665
151 Pm
61
90
8.557387
1.022× 105
1.18 d
β−
666
135m Ba
56
79
1.01× 105
1.17 d
IT
667
121 Sn
50
71
9.73× 104
1.13 d
β−
668
166 Ho
67
99
9.65× 104
1.12 d
β−
IM
669
76 As
33
43
9.022505
9.454× 104
1.09 d
β−
670
200 Tl
81
119
8.206567
9.396× 104
1.09 d
β+
671
72 As
33
39
9.018966
9.360× 104
1.08 d
β+
672
231 Th
90
141
7.924932
9.187× 104
1.06 d
β− , α
DP
673
252 Fm
100
152
7.766498
9.140× 104
1.06 d
α, SF
674
156m Tb
65
91
8.78× 104
1.02 d
IT
675
189 Re
75
114
8.272269
8.748× 104
1.01 d
β−
Radionuclides with half-lives of 1 hour to 1 day
Ordered by half-life.
no
nuclide
Z
N
energy
half-life (seconds)
half-life (hours)
decay mode
notes
676
197m Hg
80
117
8.568× 104
23.8
IT
677
187 W
74
113
8.284722
8.539× 104
23.7
β−
678
248m Bk
97
151
8.532× 104
23.7
β− , EC (30)
679
173 Hf
72
101
8.391617
8.496× 104
23.6
β+
680
96 Nb
41
55
8.963036
8.406× 104
23.4
β−
681
154m2 Tb
65
89
8.526912
8.172× 104
22.7
β+ , IT (1.8)
682
236m Np
93
143
8.1× 104
22.5
EC, β− (50)
683
43 K
19
24
8.922327
8.028× 104
22.3
β−
684
182 Os
76
106
8.316432
7.956× 104
22.1
β+
685
228 Pa
91
137
7.944468
7.920× 104
22.0
β+ , α (2)
686
48 Cr
24
24
8.963390
7.762× 104
21.6
β+
687
154 Tb
65
89
7.74× 104
21.5
β+ , β− (<0.1)
688
200 Pb
82
118
8.202542
7.740× 104
21.5
β+
689
112 Pd
46
66
8.842185
7.571× 104
21.0
β−
690
28 Mg
12
16
8.607706
7.529× 104
20.9
β−
CG
691
100 Rh
45
55
8.927167
7.488× 104
20.8
β+
692
133 I
53
80
8.717094
7.488× 104
20.8
β−
693
122 Xe
54
68
8.770959
7.236× 104
20.1
β+
694
255 Fm
100
155
7.742704
7.225× 104
20.1
α, SF (tr)
695
95 Tc
43
52
7.2× 104
20.0
β+
696
181 Re
75
106
8.328294
7.164× 104
19.9
β+
697
197 Pt
78
119
8.225756
7.161× 104
19.9
β−
698
135 La
57
78
8.713179
7.020× 104
19.5
β+
699
194 Ir
77
117
6.941× 104
19.3
β−
700
142 Pr
59
83
8.661417
6.883× 104
19.1
β− ,EC (tr)
701
200m Au
79
121
8.202877
6.732× 104
18.7
β− , IT (18)
702
159 Gd
64
95
8.502576
6.652× 104
18.5
β−
703
135 Ce
58
77
8.698179
6.372× 104
17.7
β+
704
193 Au
79
114
8.244353
6.354× 104
17.7
β+
705
151 Tb
65
86
8.545692
6.339× 104
17.6
β+ , α (tr)
706
55 Co
27
28
9.053647
6.311× 104
17.5
β+
707
152 Tb
65
87
8.536591
6.300× 104
17.5
β+ , α (tr)
708
188 Re
75
113
8.278860
6.121× 104
17.0
β−
IM
709
125 Xe
54
71
8.768864
6.084× 104
16.9
β+
710
97 Zr
40
57
8.926451
6.028× 104
16.7
β−
711
186 Ir
77
109
8.281935
5.990× 104
16.6
β+
712
86 Zr
40
46
8.975979
5.940× 104
16.5
β+
713
76 Br
35
41
8.996183
5.832× 104
16.2
β+
714
119 Te
52
67
5.778× 104
16.1
EC, e+ (2.1)
715
242 Am
95
147
5.767× 104
16.0
β− , EC (17)
716
170 Hf
72
98
8.402210
5.764× 104
16.0
β+
717
157 Eu
63
94
8.513792
5.465× 104
15.2
β−
718
24 Na
11
13
8.422082
5.382× 104
15.0
β−
CG, IM
719
76 Kr
36
40
8.979406
5.328× 104
14.8
β+
720
86 Y
39
47
8.993234
5.306× 104
14.7
β+
721
211 Rn
86
125
8.112825
5.256× 104
14.6
β+ , α (27)
722
90 Nb
41
49
8.989727
5.256× 104
14.6
β+
723
185 Ir
77
108
8.289382
5.184× 104
14.4
β+
724
240 U
92
148
7.851682
5.076× 104
14.1
β−
DP
725
72 Ga
31
41
9.023958
5.074× 104
14.1
β−
726
69m Zn
30
39
9.056536
4.954× 104
13.8
IT, β− (tr)
727
109 Pd
46
63
8.875061
4.932× 104
13.7
β−
728
87m Y
39
48
4.813× 104
13.4
IT, β+ (1.6)
729
123 I
53
70
8.786311
4.760× 104
13.2
β+
IM
730
191m Os
76
115
4.716× 104
13.1
IT
731
183 Os
76
107
8.309907
4.680× 104
13.0
β+
732
150m Eu
63
87
4.608× 104
12.8
β− , β+ (11)
733
64 Cu
29
35
9.093581
4.572× 104
12.7
β+ , β− (38)
IM
734
182m Re
75
107
4.572× 104
12.7
β+
735
200 Pt
78
122
8.204342
4.500× 104
12.5
β−
736
130 I
53
77
8.740035
4.450× 104
12.4
β−
737
42 K
19
23
8.905175
4.436× 104
12.3
β−
IM
738
171 Hf
72
99
8.395480
4.356× 104
12.1
β+
739
239 Am
95
144
7.864666
4.284× 104
11.9
β+ , α (0.01)
740
193m Hg
80
113
8.231483
4.248× 104
11.8
β+ , IT (7.2)
741
203 Bi
83
120
8.177436
4.234× 104
11.8
β+
742
77 Ge
32
45
8.996185
4.068× 104
11.3
β−
743
204 Bi
83
121
8.172651
4.039× 104
11.2
β+
744
189 Pt
78
111
8.264359
3.913× 104
10.9
β+
745
212 Pb
82
130
8.106928
3.830× 104
10.6
β−
DP, IM
746
195 Hg
80
115
3.791× 104
10.5
β+
747
175 Ta
73
102
8.370813
3.780× 104
10.5
β+
748
245 Pu
94
151
7.813752
3.780× 104
10.5
β−
749
187 Ir
77
110
8.283713
3.780× 104
10.5
β+
750
165 Er
68
97
8.462406
3.730× 104
10.4
β+
751
93 Y
39
54
8.976951
3.665× 104
10.2
β−
752
244 Am
95
149
7.825914
3.636× 104
10.1
β−
753
266 Lr
103
163
3.600× 104
10.0
SF
754
154m1 Tb
65
89
3.598× 104
9.99
β+ , IT(22)
755
183m Os
76
107
3.564× 104
9.90
β+ , IT(15)
756
155 Dy
66
89
8.517521
3.564× 104
9.90
β+
757
91 Sr
38
53
8.990503
3.467× 104
9.63
β−
758
196m2 Au
79
117
3.456× 104
9.60
IT
759
66 Ga
31
35
9.036843
3.416× 104
9.49
β+
760
156 Sm
62
94
8.516007
3.384× 104
9.40
β−
761
127 Te
52
75
3.366× 104
9.35
β−
762
201 Pb
82
119
8.196989
3.359× 104
9.33
β+
763
152m Eu
63
89
3.352× 104
9.31
β− , β+ (28)
764
62 Zn
30
32
9.057957
3.307× 104
9.19
β+
765
135 Xe
54
81
8.711453
3.290× 104
9.14
β−
766
58m Co
27
31
3.276× 104
9.10
IT
767
128 Sb
51
77
8.732343
3.244× 104
9.01
β−
768
137 Ce
58
79
3.24× 104
9.00
β+
769
234 Pu
94
140
7.898892
3.168× 104
8.80
β+ , α (~6)
770
184 Ta
73
111
8.304154
3.132× 104
8.70
β−
771
250 Es
99
151
7.778407
3.096× 104
8.60
β+ , α (<3)
772
101 Pd
46
55
8.917149
3.049× 104
8.47
β+
773
52 Fe
26
26
9.000789
2.979× 104
8.28
β+
774
173 Tm
69
104
8.396524
2.966× 104
8.24
β−
775
180 Ta
73
107
2.935× 104
8.15
EC, β− (14)
776
157 Dy
66
91
8.513544
2.930× 104
8.14
β+
777
210 At
85
125
8.128337
2.916× 104
8.10
β+ , α (0.2)
778
176 Ta
73
103
8.363202
2.912× 104
8.09
β+
779
166 Tm
69
97
8.444183
2.772× 104
7.70
β+
780
256m Es
99
157
7.730742
2.736× 104
7.60
β−
781
171 Er
68
103
8.408901
2.706× 104
7.52
β−
782
199 Tl
81
118
8.212333
2.671× 104
7.42
β+
783
211 At
85
126
8.126527
2.597× 104
7.21
β+ , α (42)
784
73 Se
34
39
9.005821
2.574× 104
7.15
β+
785
93m Mo
42
51
2.466× 104
6.85
IT, β+ (0.1)
786
234 Pa
91
143
7.898930
2.412× 104
6.70
β−
DP
787
135 I
53
82
8.691994
2.365× 104
6.57
β−
788
107 Cd
48
59
8.884271
2.340× 104
6.50
β+
789
82m Rb
37
45
8.999608
2.330× 104
6.47
β+ , IT (<0.3)
790
153 Dy
66
87
8.523288
2.304× 104
6.40
β+ , α (tr)
791
127 Cs
55
72
8.750383
2.250× 104
6.25
β+
792
228 Ac
89
139
7.944591
2.214× 104
6.15
β−
DP
793
99m Tc
43
56
2.162× 104
6.01
IT, β− (tr)
IM
794
145 Pr
59
86
8.620514
2.154× 104
5.98
β−
795
189m Os
76
113
2.092× 104
5.81
IT
796
207 Po
84
123
8.154158
2.088× 104
5.80
β+ , α (0.02)
797
90 Mo
42
48
8.962072
2.002× 104
5.56
β+
798
257 Md
101
156
7.725040
1.987× 104
5.52
EC, α (15) , SF (tr)
799
111m Pd
46
65
8.844589
1.980× 104
5.50
IT, β− (27)
800
139m Nd
60
79
8.659529
1.980× 104
5.50
β+ , IT (12)
801
180m Hf
72
108
1.969× 104
5.47
IT, β− (0.3)
802
209 At
85
124
8.132954
1.948× 104
5.41
β+ , α (4.1)
803
113 Ag
47
66
8.841531
1.933× 104
5.37
β−
804
156m2 Tb
65
91
1.908× 104
5.30
IT (?) , β+ (?)
805
198 Tl
81
117
8.210166
1.908× 104
5.30
β+
806
251 Fm
100
151
7.768590
1.908× 104
5.30
β+ , α (1.8)
807
138 Nd
60
78
8.665661
1.814× 104
5.04
β+
808
160m Ho
67
93
8.485877
1.807× 104
5.02
IT, β+ (27)
809
118m Sb
51
67
8.814963
1.800× 104
5.00
β+
810
243 Pu
94
149
7.833648
1.784× 104
4.96
β−
811
192 Au
79
113
8.242036
1.778× 104
4.94
β+
812
110 In
49
61
8.857464
1.764× 104
4.90
β+
813
133m Ce
58
75
8.690771
1.764× 104
4.90
β+
814
94 Tc
43
51
8.966583
1.758× 104
4.88
β+
815
85m Y
39
46
8.986880
1.750× 104
4.86
β+ , IT (tr)
816
73 Ga
31
42
9.026112
1.750× 104
4.86
β−
817
192 Hg
80
112
8.238051
1.746× 104
4.85
β+
818
132 La
57
75
8.705721
1.728× 104
4.80
β+
819
99m Rh
45
54
1.692× 104
4.70
β+ , IT (<0.16)
820
267 Db
105
162
7.644361
1.656× 104
4.60
SF
821
179 Lu
71
108
8.345428
1.652× 104
4.59
β−
822
81 Rb
37
44
9.002871
1.645× 104
4.57
β+
IM
823
243 Bk
97
146
7.829801
1.620× 104
4.50
β+ , α (~0.15)
824
115m In
49
66
1.615× 104
4.49
IT, β− (5.0)
825
85m Kr
36
49
1.613× 104
4.48
β− , IT (21)
826
105 Ru
44
61
8.889689
1.598× 104
4.44
β−
827
80m Br
35
45
9.018872
1.591× 104
4.42
IT
828
139 Pr
59
80
8.681565
1.588× 104
4.41
β+
829
129 Sb
51
78
8.727358
1.584× 104
4.40
β−
830
244 Bk
97
147
7.822491
1.566× 104
4.35
β+ , α (tr)
831
109 In
49
60
8.864805
1.512× 104
4.20
β+
832
184 Hf
72
112
8.296871
1.483× 104
4.12
β−
833
149 Tb
65
84
8.551166
1.482× 104
4.12
β+ , α (17)
834
110 Sn
50
60
8.851727
1.480× 104
4.11
β+
835
44 Sc
21
23
1.429× 104
3.97
β+
836
71m Zn
30
41
9.017370
1.426× 104
3.96
β− , IT (tr)
837
141 La
57
84
8.659540
1.411× 104
3.92
β−
838
133 La
57
76
8.714109
1.408× 104
3.91
β+
839
43 Sc
21
22
8.912907
1.401× 104
3.89
β+
840
195m Ir
77
118
8.233326
1.368× 104
3.80
β− , IT (5)
841
193 Hg
80
113
1.368× 104
3.80
β+
842
176m Lu
71
105
1.319× 104
3.66
β− , EC (0.1)
843
262 Lr
103
159
7.681556
1.296× 104
3.60
SF, β+ , α
844
202m Pb
82
120
1.274× 104
3.54
IT, β+ (9.5)
845
92 Y
39
53
8.993208
1.274× 104
3.54
β−
846
204 Po
84
120
8.161200
1.271× 104
3.53
β+ , α (0.7)
847
132 Ce
58
74
8.696131
1.264× 104
3.51
β+
848
150 Tb
65
85
8.545394
1.253× 104
3.48
β+ , α (tr)
849
117m Cd
48
69
8.808840
1.210× 104
3.36
β−
850
61 Cu
29
32
9.087452
1.200× 104
3.33
β+
851
209 Pb
82
127
8.155607
1.171× 104
3.25
β−
DP
852
254 Fm
100
154
7.752808
1.166× 104
3.24
α, SF (0.06)
853
250 Bk
97
153
7.779523
1.156× 104
3.21
β−
854
161 Er
68
93
8.476352
1.156× 104
3.21
β+
855
190m Re
75
115
8.257433
1.152× 104
3.20
β− (54) , IT
856
90m Y
39
51
1.148× 104
3.19
IT, β− (tr)
857
191 Au
79
112
8.248343
1.145× 104
3.18
β+
858
173 Ta
73
100
8.374218
1.130× 104
3.14
β+
859
112 Ag
47
65
8.844756
1.127× 104
3.13
β−
860
247 Cf
98
149
7.803566
1.120× 104
3.11
β+ , α (0.04)
861
184 Ir
77
107
8.286599
1.112× 104
3.09
β+
862
190m3 Ir
77
113
1.111× 104
3.09
β+ , IT (8.6)
863
45 Ti
22
23
8.938121
1.109× 104
3.08
β+
864
167 Ho
67
100
8.444304
1.081× 104
3.00
β−
865
264 Lr
103
161
1.081× 104
3.00
SF[ 31]
866
134 Sm
62
72
1.048× 104
2.91
IT
867
239 Cm
96
143
7.857143
1.044× 104
2.90
β+ , α (tr)
868
197 Tl
81
116
8.215190
1.022× 104
2.84
β+
869
88 Kr
36
52
8.976918
1.022× 104
2.84
β−
870
38 S
16
22
8.778196
1.022× 104
2.84
β−
871
87m Sr
38
49
1.013× 104
2.82
IT, EC (0.3)
872
117 Sb
51
66
8.828977
1.008× 104
2.80
β+
873
224 Ac
89
135
7.980993
1.001× 104
2.78
β+ , α (9.4) , β− (<1.6)
874
93 Tc
43
50
8.970274
9.900× 103
2.75
β+
875
85 Y
39
46
9.648× 103
2.68
β+
876
150 Pm
61
89
8.562014
9.648× 103
2.68
β−
877
92 Sr
38
54
8.972067
9.576× 103
2.66
β−
878
256 Fm
100
156
7.737398
9.456× 103
2.63
SF, α (8.1)
879
31 Si
14
17
8.811618
9.438× 103
2.62
β−
CG
880
56 Mn
25
31
9.087572
9.284× 103
2.58
β−
881
65 Ni
28
37
9.073267
9.062× 103
2.52
β−
882
195 Ir
77
118
9× 103
2.50
β−
883
176 W
74
102
8.359055
9.000× 103
2.50
β+
884
117 Cd
48
69
8.964× 103
2.49
β−
885
116 Te
52
64
8.806414
8.964× 103
2.49
β+
886
141 Nd
60
81
8.668476
8.964× 103
2.49
β+
887
161 Ho
67
94
8.488737
8.928× 103
2.48
β+
888
210 Rn
86
124
8.117032
8.640× 103
2.40
α (96) , β+
889
198 Pb
82
116
8.202893
8.640× 103
2.40
β+
890
238 Cm
96
142
7.863764
8.640× 103
2.40
β+ , α
891
83 Br
35
48
9.023243
8.640× 103
2.40
β−
892
152 Dy
66
86
8.532670
8.568× 103
2.38
β+ , α (0.1)
IM
893
178m Ta
73
105
8.355075
8.496× 103
2.36
β+
894
187 Pt
78
109
8.267638
8.460× 103
2.35
β+
895
165 Dy
66
99
8.456891
8.402× 103
2.33
β−
896
132 I
53
79
8.720570
8.262× 103
2.30
β−
897
158 Er
68
90
8.484619
8.244× 103
2.29
β+
898
66 Ge
32
34
9.004964
8.136× 103
2.26
β+
899
129 Ba
56
73
8.730746
8.028× 103
2.23
β+
900
150 Sm
62
88
7.992× 103
2.22
β+ , α (tr?)
901
177 W
74
103
8.352118
7.920× 103
2.20
β+
902
106m Rh
45
61
8.884761
7.860× 103
2.18
β−
903
129m Ba
56
73
7.776× 103
2.16
β+ , IT (tr?)
904
138m Pr
59
79
8.671088
7.632× 103
2.12
β+
905
121 I
53
68
8.784443
7.632× 103
2.12
β+
906
127 Sn
50
77
8.728800
7.560× 103
2.10
β−
907
123 Xe
54
69
8.764409
7.488× 103
2.08
β+
908
186 Pt
78
108
8.274897
7.488× 103
2.08
β+ , α (tr)
909
245 Am
95
150
7.818674
7.380× 103
2.05
β−
910
89 Nb
41
48
8.977507
7.308× 103
2.03
β+
911
195m Os
76
119
7.2× 103
2.00
β− , IT (?)
912
117m In
49
68
8.828849
6.972× 103
1.94
β− , IT (47)
913
186m Ir
77
109
6.912× 103
1.92
β+ , IT (~25)
914
177 Yb
70
107
8.359401
6.880× 103
1.91
β−
915
198m Tl
81
117
6.732× 103
1.87
β+ , IT (44)
916
196 Tl
81
115
8.211618
6.624× 103
1.84
β+
917
83m2 Kr
36
47
6.588× 103
1.83
IT
918
18 F
9
9
8.022789
6.585× 103
1.83
β+
CG,IM
919
41 Ar
18
23
8.877852
6.577× 103
1.83
β−
CG
920
163 Tm
69
94
8.456205
6.516× 103
1.81
β+
921
239 Pa
91
148
7.848148
6.480× 103
1.80
β−
922
201 Bi
83
118
8.177875
6.480× 103
1.80
β+ , α
923
207 At
85
122
8.135303
6.480× 103
1.80
β+ , α (~10)
924
224 Rn
86
138
7.971327
6.420× 103
1.78
β−
925
80 Sr
38
42
8.950177
6.378× 103
1.77
β+
926
181 Os
76
105
8.311935
6.300× 103
1.75
β+
927
205 Po
84
121
8.156737
6.264× 103
1.74
β+ , α (0.04)
928
149 Nd
60
89
8.570529
6.221× 103
1.73
β−
929
202 Bi
83
119
8.173966
6.192× 103
1.72
β+ , α (tr)
930
249 Es
99
150
7.785464
6.132× 103
1.70
β+ ~, α (0.6)
931
147 Tb
65
82
8.552634
6.120× 103
1.70
β+
932
87 Zr
40
47
8.983373
6.048× 103
1.68
β+
933
126 Ba
56
70
8.727439
6.000× 103
1.67
β+
934
113m In
49
64
5.968× 103
1.66
IT
935
61 Co
27
34
9.102449
5.940× 103
1.65
β−
936
95 Ru
44
51
8.949749
5.915× 103
1.64
β+
937
238 Am
95
143
7.867882
5.880× 103
1.63
β+ ,α (tr)
938
208 At
85
123
8.131376
5.868× 103
1.63
β+ , α (0.6)
939
133 Ce
58
75
5.82× 103
1.62
β+
940
75 Br
35
40
8.993181
5.802× 103
1.61
β+
941
152m5 Eu
63
89
5.76× 103
1.60
IT
942
259 Md
101
158
7.709860
5.760× 103
1.60
SF, α (<1.3)
943
197m Pt
78
119
5.725× 103
1.59
IT, β− (3.3)
944
230 Ra
88
142
7.921249
5.580× 103
1.55
β−
945
142 La
57
85
8.634954
5.466× 103
1.52
β−
946
78 As
33
45
9.004879
5.442× 103
1.51
β−
947
199 Pb
82
117
8.198111
5.400× 103
1.50
β+
948
78 Ge
32
46
8.992635
5.280× 103
1.47
β−
949
255 Cf
98
157
7.738739
5.100× 103
1.42
β−
950
196m Tl
81
115
5.076× 103
1.41
β+ , IT (3.8)
951
196m Ir
77
119
8.219440
5.040× 103
1.40
β− , IT (<0.3)
952
132m I
53
79
4.993× 103
1.39
IT, β− (14)
953
139 Ba
56
83
8.682217
4.984× 103
1.38
β−
954
75 Ge
32
43
9.029413
4.967× 103
1.38
β−
955
120 I
53
67
8.769577
4.896× 103
1.36
β+
956
266 Db
105
161
4.8× 103
1.33
α ?, SF ?, β+ ?
957
256 Md
101
155
7.729062
4.620× 103
1.28
β+ , α (9.2) , SF (<3)
958
137 Pr
59
78
8.678459
4.608× 103
1.28
β+
959
87 Kr
36
51
8.999022
4.578× 103
1.27
β−
960
164 Yb
70
94
8.443419
4.548× 103
1.26
β+
961
163 Er
68
95
8.471168
4.500× 103
1.25
β+
962
77 Kr
36
41
8.982618
4.464× 103
1.24
β+
963
178 Yb
70
108
8.350530
4.440× 103
1.23
β−
964
237 Am
95
142
7.874830
4.380× 103
1.22
β+ ,α (0.03)
965
142 Sm
62
80
8.627616
4.349× 103
1.21
β+
966
97 Nb
41
56
8.953864
4.326× 103
1.20
β−
967
185 Pt
78
107
8.269598
4.254× 103
1.18
β+
968
195 Tl
81
114
8.215712
4.176× 103
1.16
β+
969
129 Te
52
77
4.176× 103
1.16
β−
970
104 Ag
47
57
8.889702
4.152× 103
1.15
β+
971
110m In
49
61
4.146× 103
1.15
β+
972
174 Ta
73
101
8.368684
4.104× 103
1.14
β+
973
68 Ga
31
37
9.057888
4.063× 103
1.13
β+
IM
974
85m Sr
38
47
4.058× 103
1.13
IT, β+ (13)
975
190m Ir
77
113
4.032× 103
1.12
IT
976
162m Ho
67
95
8.478371
4.020× 103
1.12
IT, β+ (38)
977
204m2 Pb
82
122
4.016× 103
1.12
IT
978
89m Nb
41
48
3.96× 103
1.10
β+
979
103 Ag
47
56
8.894541
3.942× 103
1.10
β+
980
249 Cm
96
153
7.787191
3.849× 103
1.07
β−
981
183 Hf
72
111
8.307885
3.841× 103
1.07
β−
982
229 Ac
89
140
7.937048
3.762× 103
1.05
β−
983
117 Te
52
65
8.798652
3.720× 103
1.03
β+
984
240 Np
93
147
7.853348
3.714× 103
1.03
β−
DP
985
182m Hf
72
110
3.69× 103
1.03
β− , IT (46)
986
212 Bi
83
129
8.109617
3.633× 103
1.01
β− ,α (36)
DP
987
116m Sb
51
65
8.816483
3.618× 103
1.01
β+
988
148 Tb
65
83
8.547949
3.600× 103
1.00
β+
989
270 Db
105
165
3.600× 103
1.00
α, SF, ε?
Radionuclides with half-lives of 1 minute to 1 hour
Radionuclides with half-lives of 1 second to 1 minute
Radionuclides with half-lives less than 1 second
See also
Sources
Almost all data are taken from reference.[ 32] For more recent updates, see reference.[ 33] These sources do not indicate whether certain heavy isotopes starting from Lr, Rf, Db, ... (etc.) were produced, observed, or only predicted from estimated data.
Notes
^ Two further nuclides, plutonium-244 and samarium-146, have half-lives just long enough ( 8.0× 107 and 9.20× 107 years[ 2] ) that they could have survived from the formation of the Solar System and be present on Earth in trace quantities (having survived 57 and 50 half-lives). They have previously been considered primordial, but recent studies failed to find any evidence of them on Earth.[citation needed ]
References
^ Thoennessen, M. (2 April 2019). "Discovery of Nuclides Project" . Retrieved 26 April 2019 .
^ a b Chiera, Nadine M.; Sprung, Peter; Amelin, Yuri; Dressler, Rugard; Schumann, Dorothea; Talip, Zeynep (1 August 2024). "The 146 Sm half-life re-measured: consolidating the chronometer for events in the early Solar System" . Scientific Reports . 14 (1). doi :10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6 . PMC 11294585 .
^ primarily sourced from https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-medicine.aspx and https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-industry.aspx accessed 30 June 2016
^ Yan, X.; Cheng, Z.; Abdukerim, A.; et al. (2024). "Searching for two-neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decay of 134 Xe with the PandaX-4T experiment". Physical Review Letters . 132 (152502). arXiv :2312.15632 . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.152502 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^ a b c d Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; Casali, N.; Di Domizio, S.; Fiorini, E.; Gironi, L.; Nagorny, S. S.; Nisi, S.; Orio, F.; Pattavina, L.; Pessina, G.; Piperno, G.; Pirro, S.; Previtali, E.; Rusconi, C.; Tomei, C.; Vignati, M. (2013). "New experimental limits on the α decays of lead isotopes". The European Physical Journal A . 49 (4). arXiv :1212.2422 . doi :10.1140/epja/i2013-13050-7 . ISSN 1434-6001 .
^ Akerib, D S; et al. (2020-10-01). "Search for two neutrino double electron capture of 124 Xe and 126 Xe in the full exposure of the LUX detector". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics . 47 (10): 105105. arXiv :1912.02742 . doi :10.1088/1361-6471/ab9c2d . ISSN 0954-3899 .
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Cappella, F.; Cerulli, R.; Danevich, F. A.; d’Angelo, S.; Incicchitti, A.; Kovtun, G. P.; Kovtun, N. G.; Laubenstein, M.; Poda, D. V.; Polischuk, O. G.; Shcherban, A. P.; Solopikhin, D. A.; Suhonen, J.; Tretyak, V. I. (2013-03-06). "Search for 2 β decays of 96 Ru and 104 Ru by ultralow-background HPGe γ spectrometry at LNGS: Final results". Physical Review C . 87 (3). arXiv :1302.7134 . doi :10.1103/PhysRevC.87.034607 . ISSN 0556-2813 .
^ Bikit, I.; Krmar, M.; Slivka, J.; Vesković, M.; Čonkić, Lj.; Aničin, I. (1998-10-01). "New results on the double β decay of iron". Physical Review C . 58 (4): 2566–2567. doi :10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2566 . ISSN 0556-2813 .
^ Barabash, A. S.; Hubert, Ph.; Marquet, Ch.; Nachab, A.; Konovalov, S. I.; Perrot, F.; Piquemal, F.; Umatov, V. (2011-04-21). "Improved limits on β+ EC and ECEC processes in 112 Sn". Physical Review C . 83 (4). doi :10.1103/PhysRevC.83.045503 . ISSN 0556-2813 .
^ Danevich, F. A.; Hult, M.; Junghans, A.; Kasperovych, D. V.; Kropivyansky, B. N.; Lutter, G.; Marissens, G.; Polischuk, O. G.; Romaniuk, M. V.; Stroh, H.; Tessalina, S.; Tretyak, V. I.; Ware, B. (2022). "New limits on double-beta decay of 190 Pt and 198 Pt". The European Physical Journal C . 82 (1). arXiv :2201.06555 . doi :10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-09989-1 . ISSN 1434-6044 .
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External links
National Nuclear Data Center , Brookhaven National Laboratory
Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart , 9th edition, 2015, Joseph Magill, Gerda Pfennig, Raymond Dreher, Zsolt Sóti
National Isotope Development Center Reference information on isotopes, and coordination and management of isotope production, availability, and distribution
Isotope Development & Production for Research and Applications (IDPRA) U.S. Department of Energy program for isotope production and production research and development
Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
Table of nuclides (compact, with energy per baryon) Overview picture for energy of nuclides
Representations Images Articles on isotopes of an element Various tables and lists of the nuclides