List of missions in Spanish Florida

The Spanish established missions in Spanish Florida from the founding of San Augustin and Santa Elena in 1565 until the History of Florida#British rule (1763–1783)transfer of Florida to Great Britain in 1763. Throughout those two centuries there were mission churches in the present-day states of Florida, and Georgia, and for a brief period from 1655 to 1670, in South Carolina and Virginia.

This list includes doctrinas, missions that normally had one or more resident missionaries, but does not include visitas, which never had a resident missionary, and had less substantial church buildings where services were conducted by visiting missionaries.

Missions in Spanish Florida

Mission Name	Location	Province or Region	Active Period[A]	References
Apalo[B]		Potano	Unknown	[1]
Ajacán[B]	37.23796, -76.50743[2]	Virginia	1570	[3]
Assumpción del Puerto or Assumpción de Nuestra Señora[C]		Apalachee	1675	[4]
Attissimi, or Atisme, or Jizime		Jororo	1693–1697	[5]
Cofa[B] (mouth of Suwannee River)		Potano	Unknown	[6]
Escamau-Orista[B]		Santa Elena	1566–1570	[3]
Espogache[B][D]		Guale	1605–?	[7]
Guale[B]	31.62534, -81.17348	Guale	1568–1570	[8]
Guatari[B]		Santa Elena	1566–1570	[9]
Ivitachuco at Abosaya[E]		Potano	1704–1706	[10]
La Concepción or Santa María de Ayubale		Apalachee	1655–1704	[11]
La Concepción de Atoyquime or Atoquime		Jororo	1693–1697	[12]
La Encarnación a la Santa Cruz de Sábacola or Santa Cruz de Sábacola El Menor	30.80585, -84.87636	Apalachicola	1674–1677	[13]
La Natividad de Nuestra Señora de Tolomato (Likely the successor to Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato.)		St. Augustine	1620s–1702	[14]
La Purificación de Tama or Nuestra Señora de Candelaria de Tama[F]	30.43251, -84.27395	Apalachee	1675–1704	[15]
Mission to the Calusa		Calusa	1697	[16]
Nombre de Dios	29.90378, -81.31636[17]	St. Augustine	1566–1587	[18]
Nuestra Señora de la Soledad y San Luís		Pensacola	1718–1740s	[19]
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato[D][G]		Guale	1587–1597, 1605–?	[20]
Ospo or Talapo[B]		Guale	1595–1606	[21]
"Our Lady of Guadaloupe" (on St. Joseph Bay)[H]		Pensacola	1701–1704	[22]
Palica[B]		St. Augustine	Early 18th century	[23]
San Antón de Carlos	26.42176, -81.86444[24]	Calusa	1567–1569	[25]
San Antonio de Anacape/Enacape	29.4335, -81.65423 [26]	Agua Dulce	1587–1655	[27]
Señor San Antonio de Anacape/Enacape[I]	29.4335, -81.65423	St. Johns River	1680–1699	[28]
San Antonio de Bacuqua	30.50709, -84.23808[29]	Apalachee	After 1657–1704	[30]
San Antonio de los Chines		Apalachee	1694–1704	[31]
San Antonio de Punta Rasa	30.45382, -87.099	Pensacola	1749–1761	[32]
San Augustín de Urihica		Northern Utina	1630-1657	[33]
San Blás de Avino	29.29626, -81.9168[34]	Acuera	1612–1620s	[35]
San Buenaventura de Guadalquini (moved to St. Johns River as Santa Cruz de Guadalquini)	31.13393, -81.39363[36]	Guale/Mocama	1606-1684	[37]
San Buenaventura de Potano	29.49639, -82.2304[38]	Potano	1608–1613	[39]
San Carlos de Borromeo (in Achercatane or Yatcatane)		Chacato	1674–1675	[40]
San Carlos de los Chacatos[J]		Apalachee	1675–1683 or later	[41][42]
San Carlos de Çabacola[K]		Apalachicola	before 1686-1690	[43]
San Cosme y San Damián de Cupaica or Cupahica, Escambi, or Escabi[L]		Apalachee	1639–1704	[44]
San Diego de Helaca/Laca, later moved to San Diego de Salamototo (on St. Johns River)	30.03227, -81.66331[45][46] (on St. Johns River as San Diego de Salamatoto)	Acuera	1645–1689	[47]
San Diego de Satuache	31.89, -81.20083	Guale	1616–1675	[48]
San Felipe de Alabe[M]		Guale	1616–1655	[49]
San Felipe (on Cumberland Island)		Mocama	1675–1678	[50]
San Felipe (on Amelia Island)		Mocama	1689–1702	[51]
San Francisco de Chuaquin		Arapaha	1655–1657	[52]
San Francisco de Oconi[N]		Apalachee	1655–1704	[53]
San Francisco de Potano	29.72993, -82.44179[54]	Potano	1607–1706	[55]
San Ildefonso de Chamini/Chamile		Arapaha	1655–1657	[52]
San Joseph de Escambe or San José de Escambe	30.71891, -87.30174	Pensacola	1741–1761	[56][57]
San Joseph de Jororo	28.14541, -81.07598	Jororo	1693–1679	[58]
San Joseph de Ocuya or San José de Ocuya		Apalachee	1655–1704	[59]
San Joseph de Sapala or San José de Zapala ( Sapelo Island)	31.51544, -81.24218[60]	Guale	1616–1684	[61]
San Juan de Aspalaga		Apalachee	1655–1704	[62]
San Juan (de) Guacara (on the Suwannee River)	30.1341, -83.13402[63]	Northern Utina	1612–1689	[64]
San Juan del Puerto	30.42801, -81.42546	Mocama	1587–1702	[65]
San Julian		Agua Dulce	1598–1602	[66]
San Lorenzo de Ibihica		Ibi	1612–1630	[67]
San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco	30.34583, -83.87488[68]	Apalachee	1612(?)–1704	[69]
San Luis de Acuera/Avino		Agua Dulce	1616–1655	[70]
San Luis de Apalachee or San Luis de Talimali[O]	30.44865, -84.32005[71]	Apalachee	1633(?)–1704	[72]
San Luis de Eloquale	29.23823, -81.96749[73]	Acuera	Unknown	[74]
San Martín de Timucua/Ayacutu/Ayaocuto	29.95341, -82.77498[75]	Northern Utina	1610–1659	[76]
San Martín de Tomole		Apalachee	1655–1704	[77]
San Matheo de Tolapatafi		Yustaga	1656–1689	[78]
San Miguel de Asile	30.34246, -83.82431[79]	Yustaga	1651–1689	[80]
San Miguel de Potano		Potano	Unknown	[81]
San Nicolás de Tolentino		Chacato	1674–1675	[82]
San Nicolás de Los Chatos[P]		Apalachicola	1689	[83]
San Pedro de Atulteca or San Felipe de Athulteca[Q]		Guale	1616–1695	[84]
San Pedro de Mocama (Cumberland Island)	30.75415, -81.47263[85][86]	Mocama	1587–1655(?)	[87]
San Pedro de los Chines		Apalachee	1677(?)–1689(?)	[88]
San Pedro de Medellin[R]		Apalachee	1681	[89]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale[S] or San Pedro de Patali	30.46661, -84.15007	Apalachee	1655–1704	[90]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Potohiriba or San Pedro de Potohiriba	30.36537, -83.48464	Yustaga	1630–1705	[91]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Puturiba(to)		Guale	1597(?)–1604(?)	[92]
San Salvador de Mayaca		Mayaca	1655, 1680–1701	[93]
San Sebastian		St. Augustine	1587–1601 or 1602	[94]
Santa Ana de Potano[T]		Potano	Uncertain	[95]
Santa Catalina de Ajoica or Afuica, Ahoica, Ahojica, Nihoica, or Nihayca		Northern Utina	1655–1685	[96]
Santa Catalina de Guale (St. Catherines Island, Sapelo Island and Amelia Island, in succession)	31.62534, -81.17348	Guale	1595–1597, 1602–1702	[97]
Santa Catalina or Santa María de Guale	30.57008, -81.45583[98][99][100]	Mocama	1689–1702	[101]
Santa Catarina de Guale		St. Augustine	1711–1717	[101]
Santa Clara de Tupiqui (Sapelo River)		Guale	1595–1597	[102]
Santa Clara de Tupiqui (Amelia Island)		Mocama	c. 1616	[103]
Santa Cruz de Cachipile	30.66337, -83.20622 [104]	Arapaha	1655–1657	[52]
Santa Cruz de Guadalquini (Moved from San Buenaventura de Guadalquini)	30.44419, -81.46259[36]	Mocama	1684–1695	[105][106]
Santa Cruz de Ytuchafun or Ychuntafun Capoli or Santa Cruz y San Pedro de Alcantara de Ychuntafun		Apalachee	1672–1704	[107]
Santa Cruz de Tarihica		Northern Utina	1612–1695	[108]
Santa Elena de Machaba		Yustaga	1655–1705	[109]
Santa Fe de Toloca/Teleco/Toloco	29.92456, -82.50545	Potano	1616–1702	[70]
Santa Isabel de Utinahica		Unknown[U]	1616	[110]
Santa Lucia de Acuera	29.09504, -81.90663[111]	Acuera	1655	[112]
Santa María de Bacuqua		Apalachee	1640–1657	[113]
Santa María de Loreto		Tequesta	1743	[114]
Santa María de los Angeles de Arapaha		Arapaha	1630–1657	[115]
Santa María de los Yamasee or Santa María de Guale		Mocama	1675	[116]
Santa Rosa de Ivitanayo		Yustaga	1680s	[117]
Santiago de Oconi (near the Okefenokee Swamp)		Oconi	Early 16th century - 1655	[118]
Santo Domingo de Asao[V] or Santo Domingo de Talaje[W]	31.36433, -81.41751 [119](on the mainland)	Guale	1595(?)–1680s	[120]
Santo Domingo (Napa or Napoyca)		Mocama	1602	[121]
Tequesta[B]	25.77588, -80.1919	Tequesta	1567–1570	[122]
Tocoy[B]		Aqua Dulce	1602–1606	[66]
Tupiqui[B][D]		Guale	1569–1570	[8]

See also

• Spanish missions in Georgia
• History of Florida
• Spanish Florida (La Florida)

Notes

1. Documentation of when missions were active is incomplete. Years listed in this column may not represent either the earliest or the latest year in which a mission was in use.
2. Place name. Mission name unknown.
3. Assumpción served Amacano, Chine, and Pacara people living in Apalachee Province.
4. Espogache, Tolomato, and Tupiqui were neighboring towns in Guale which seem to have merged, or to have hosted the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in sequence.
5. Refugees from San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco tried to settle here, but were driven on to St. Augustine by Muscogee and other raiders.
6. La Purificación served Yamassee people living in Apalachee Province.
7. Some residents of the mission may have moved to La Natividad de Nuestra Señora de Tolomato near St. Augustine.
8. A short-lived Spanish lookout post on St. Joseph Bay had two churches, one for the Spanish, and one for Chacatos living in the area.
9. The second San Antonio mission served Yemasee people at the same site as the earlier Agua Dulce mission.
10. San Carlos de Los Chacatos served Chacato people.
11. San Carlos de Çabacola served people from Sabacola and may have served Chacato people. The mission may have been near San Nicolás de Los Chatos.
12. Moved to San Damián de Ilcombe after 1686.
13. San Felipe may have merged with San Pedro de Atulteca.
14. The mission was in an Apalachee village with no connection to either the Timuqua Oconi or the Hitchiti Oconee.
15. The mission was at Xinayca (also called Nixaxipa) until 1656.
16. San Nicolás de Los Chatos served Chacato people. The mission may have been near San Carlos de Çabacola.
17. The Atulteca mission had moved to Cumberland Island by 1675, then to Amelia Island by 1695.
18. San Pedro served Chine people living in Apalachee Province.
19. The mission may have moved more than once.
20. Hann indicates that historical mentions of a mission at Santa Ana are unreliable.
21. Santa Isabel was located somewhere in the southern part of the Altamaha River basin, northeast of the mission at Santa Cruz de Tarihica.
22. Originally by the Altamaha River on the mainland, Santo Domingo moved to St. Simon's Island by 1675.
23. Asao and Talafe were distinct towns that were later merged. Both names of the mission were used at various times.

References

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17. "Mission Nombre de Dios Museum · 89 A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, St. Augustine, FL 32084". Mission Nombre de Dios Museum · 89 A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, St. Augustine, FL 32084. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
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19. Worth, John E. "Persacola Colonial Frontiers Project". Faculty Homepage: Dr. John E. Worth. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
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24. Marquardt, William; Newsom, Lee Ann; Thompson, Victor (2020-01-01). "Discovering San Antón de Carlos: The Sixteenth-Century Spanish Buildings and Fortifications of Mound Key, Capital of the Calusa". Historical Archaeology.
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Sources

• Boyer, Willet A., III (March–June 2009). "Missions to the Acuera: An Analysis of the Historic and Archaeological Evidence for European Interaction With a Timucuan Chiefdom". The Florida Anthropologist. 62 (1–2): 45–56. ISSN 0015-3893 – via University of Florida Digital Collections.
• Boyer, Willet A., III (September 2017). "The Hutto/Martin Site of Marion County, Florida, 8MR3447: Studies at an Early Contact/Mission Site". The Florida Anthropologist. 70 (3): 122–139 – via University of Florida Digital Collections.
• Gannon, Michael V. (1983) [1965]. The Cross in the Sand (2nd ed.). Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-0776-2.
• Hann, John H. (April 1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 470–471. doi:10.2307/1006866. JSTOR 1006866. S2CID 147329347.
• Hann, John H. (1996a). A History of the Timucua Indians and Missions. Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1424-1.
• Hann, John H. (2006). The Native American World Beyond Apalachee. University Press of Florida. ISBN 9-780-8130-2982-5.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (1995). Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 82. ISBN 0-8130-1360-7.
• Milanich, Jerald (1999a). Laboring in the fields of the Lord: Spanish missions and Southeastern Indians. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1560989408.
• Saccente, Julie Rogers; White, Nancy Marie (2015). "Fort San José, a Remote Spanish Outpost in Northwest Florida, 1700–1721". In Funari, Pedro Paulo A.; Senatore, Maria Ximena (eds.). Archaeology of Culture Contact and Colonialism in Spanish and Portuguese America. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 297–311. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08069-7_16. ISBN 978-3-319-08069-7.
• "John Worth Faculty Homepage - PCF Project - Mission San Joseph de Escambe". pages.uwf.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-30.

Further reading

• Ashley, Keith H. (2013). "Grafting Onto the Native Landscape: The Franciscan Mission System in Northeast Florida". In Johnson, Timothy J.; Melville, Gert (eds.). From La Florida to La California: Franciscan Evangelization in the Spanish Borderlands. Academy of American Franciscan History. pp. 143–164. ISBN 978-0-88382-068-1.
• Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1964). Bannon, John Francis (ed.). Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 138. ISBN 0-8061-0612-3.
• Burnett, Gene (1986). Florida's Past, Volume 1. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press. ISBN 1-56164-115-4.
• Cassanello, Robert; Stapleton, Kevin (November 18, 2013). "Episode 07 Spanish Mission Bell". A History of Central Florida Podcast. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
• Childers, Ronald Wayne (2004). "The Presidio System in Spanish Florida 1565-1763". Historical Archaeology. 38 (3): 24–32. doi:10.1007/BF03376651. JSTOR 25617178. S2CID 160809833.
• Deagan, Kathleen A. (1978). "Cultures in Transition: Fusion and Assimilation among the Eastern Timucua". In Milanich, Jerald; Proctor, Samuel (eds.). Tacachale:Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period. Gainesville, Florida: The University Presses of Florida. pp. 89–119. ISBN 0-8130-0535-3.
• Ethridge, Robbie (2023). "The American South to 1600". In Brundage, W. Fitzhugh; Edwards, Laura F.; Sensbach, Jon F. (eds.). A New History of the American South. UNC Press Books. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-4696-7019-5.
• Floyd, Joseph (Winter 2013). "Ghosts of Guale: Sugar Houses, Spanish Missions, and the Struggle for Georgia's Colonial Heritage". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 97 (4): 387–410. JSTOR 24636327.
• Francis, J. Michael; Kole, Kathleen M. (2011). "Introduction: Spanish Florida on the Eve of Uprising". In Francis, J. Michael; Kole, Kathleen M. (eds.). Murder and Martyrdom in Spanish Florida: Don Juan and the Guale Uprising of 1597 (PDF). Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 95. pp. 17–38.
• Griffin, John W. (1993). "Foreword". In McEwan, Bonnie G. (ed.). The Spanish Missions of "La Florida". Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. xv–xvii. ISBN 0-8130-1232-5.
• Hann, John H. (July 1987). "Twilight of the Mocama and Guale Aborigines as Portrayed in the 1695 Spanish Visitation". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 66 (1): 1–24.
• Hann, John H. (1993). "The Mayaca and Jororo and Missions to Them". In McEwan, Bonnie G. (ed.). The Spanish Missions of "La Florida". Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1232-5.
• Hann, John H. (1996b). "The Missions of Spanish Florida". In Gannon, Michael (ed.). The New History of Florida. Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1415-8.
• Larson, Lewis H. Jr. (1978). "Historic Guale Indians of the Georgia Coast and the Impact of the Spanish Mission Effort". In Milanich, Jerald; Proctor, Samuel (eds.). Tacachale: Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period. Gainesville, Florida: The University Presses of Florida. pp. 120–140. ISBN 0-8130-0535-3.
• McEwan, Bonnie G. (1993). "Preface". In McEwan, Bonnie G. (ed.). The Spanish Missions of "La Florida". Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. xix–xxi. ISBN 0-8130-1232-5.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (January 1972). "Tacatacuru and the San Pedro de Mocamo Mission". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 50 (3): 283–291. JSTOR 30145847.
• Milanich, Jerald (1999b). The Timucua. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-21864-5. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
• Milanich, Jerald T. (2002). ""A Very Great Harvest of Souls": Timucua Indians and the Impact of European Colonization". In Merrill, William L.; Goddard, Ives (eds.). Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 113–120.
• Mormino, Gary R. (2014). "Introduction. Ponce's Ghosts: Spain and Florida, 1513–2013". In Balsera, Viviana Díaz; May, Rachel A. (eds.). La Florida: Five Hundred Years of Hispanic Presence. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-5505-3.
• Saunders, Rebecca (1993). "Architecture of the Missions Santa María and Santa Catalina de Amelia". In McEwan, Bonnie G. (ed.). The Spanish Missions of "La Florida". Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1232-5.
• Thomas, David Hurst (1993). "The Archeology of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale: Our First 15 Years". In McEwan, Bonnie G. (ed.). The Spanish Missions of "La Florida". Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. pp. 1–34. ISBN 0-8130-1232-5.
• Worth, John E. (1998). Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 2: Resistance and Destruction. University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1575-8.
• Worth, John E. (2007). The Struggle for the Georgia Coast. The University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5411-4.
• Worth, John E. "Persacola Colonial Frontiers Project". Faculty Homepage: Dr. John E. Worth. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
• UWF Staff (2015). "Luna Expedition". UWF Anthropology and Archeology. University of West Florida. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
• UWF Staff (2016). "Selected Chronology of European Colonization in the Southeastern U.S." University of West Florida. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2024.

External links

• The New Georgia Encyclopedia: Spanish Missions Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
• Spanish Mission Bell at A History of Central Florida Podcast