List of mental disorders

The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric disorder, is characterized by a pattern of behavior or mental function that significantly impairs personal functioning or causes considerable distress.^[1]

The DSM, a classification and diagnostic guide published by the American Psychiatric Association, includes over 450 distinct definitions of mental disorders.^[2] Meanwhile, the ICD, published by the World Health Organization, stands as the international standard for categorizing all medical conditions, including sections on mental and behavioral disorders.^[3]

Revisions and updates are periodically made to the diagnostic criteria and descriptions in the DSM and ICD to reflect current understanding and consensus within the mental health field. The list includes conditions currently recognized as mental disorders according to these systems. There is ongoing debate among mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, about the definitions and criteria used to delineate mental disorders. There is particular concern over whether certain conditions should be classified as "mental illnesses" or might more accurately be described as neurological disorders or in other terms.^[4]

Anxiety disorders

Main article: Anxiety disorders

Further information: Anxiety, fear, panic attack, and list of phobias

• Agoraphobia
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Selective mutism
• Separation anxiety disorder
• Specific phobias
• Social anxiety disorder

Dissociative disorders

Main article: Dissociative disorders

Further information: Dissociation (psychology)

• Dissociative identity disorder
• Dissociative amnesia (formerly psychogenic amnesia)
• Depersonalization-derealization disorder
• Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
• Dissociative neurological symptom disorder (including psychogenic non-epileptic seizures)
• Other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD)
• Unspecified dissociative disorder
• Ganser syndrome

Mood disorders

Depressive disorders

Main article: Depression (mood)

Further information: Anhedonia

• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
• Major depressive disorder
• Dysthymia
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Psychotic depression
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
• Atypical depression
• Catatonic depression
• Postpartum depression
• Melancholic depression
• Pervasive refusal syndrome
• Unspecified depressive disorder

Bipolar disorders

Main article: Bipolar disorder

• Bipolar I disorder
• Bipolar II disorder
• Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified
• Cyclothymia
• Hypomania

Trauma and stressor related disorders

Further information: Trauma (psychology)

• Reactive attachment disorder
• Disinhibited social engagement disorder
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED)
• Acute stress disorder
• Adjustment disorder
• Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD)
• Prolonged grief disorder

Neuro-developmental disorders

Main article: Neurodevelopmental disorder

Further information: Neurodivergence

• Intellectual disability
• Language disorder
• Sensory processing disorder
• Speech sound disorder
• Stuttering
• Aphasia
• Social communication disorder
• Pervasive developmental disorder
• Auditory processing disorder
• Communication disorder
• Autism spectrum disorder (formerly a category that included Asperger syndrome, classic autism and Rett syndrome)
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Developmental coordination disorder
• Tourette syndrome
• Down syndrome
• Tic disorder
• Dyslexia
• Dyscalculia
• Dysgraphia
• Nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD, NLD)

Sleep-wake disorders

Main article: Sleep disorder

• Insomnia (including chronic insomnia and short-term insomnia)
• Hypersomnia
• Idiopathic hypersomnia
• Kleine–Levin syndrome
• Insufficient sleep syndrome
• Narcolepsy
• Restless legs syndrome
• Sleep apnea
• Night terrors (sleep terrors)
• Exploding head syndrome

Parasomnias

Main article: Parasomnia

• Nightmare disorder
• Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
• Confusional arousals
• Sleepwalking
• Hypnagogic hallucinations
• Hypnopompic hallucinations

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

• Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
• Delayed sleep phase disorder
• Advanced sleep phase disorder
• Irregular sleep–wake rhythm
• Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
• Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder caused by irregular work shifts
• Jet lag

Neuro-cognitive disorders

Main article: Cognitive disorder

• Delirium
• Dementia
• Traumatic brain injury
• HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)
• Amnesia
• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
• Agnosia

Substance-related and addictive disorders

Further information: Addiction

Substance related disorders

Main article: Substance use disorder

• Substance-induced disorder (Substance-induced psychosis, Substance-induced delirium, Substance-induced mood disorder)
• Substance intoxication
• Substance withdrawal
• Substance dependence

Disorders due to use of alcohol

• Alcohol use disorder
• Alcoholic hallucinosis
• Alcohol withdrawal
• Harmful pattern of use of alcohol

Disorders due to use of cannabis

• Cannabis use disorder
• Cannabis dependence
• Cannabis intoxication
• Harmful pattern of use of cannabis
• Cannabis withdrawal
• Cannabis-induced delirium
• Cannabis-induced psychosis
• Cannabis-induced mood disorder
• Cannabis-induced anxiety

Disorders due to use of synthetic cannabinoids

• Episode of harmful use of synthetic cannabinoids
• Harmful pattern of use of synthetic cannabinoids
• Synthetic cannabinoid dependence
• Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication
• Synthetic cannabinoids withdrawal
• Synthetic cannabinoids induced delirium
• Synthetic cannabinoids induced psychotic disorder
• Synthetic cannabinoids induced mood disorder
• Synthetic cannabinoids induced anxiety

Disorders due to use of opioids

Main article: Opioid use disorder

• Episode of harmful use of opioids
• Harmful pattern of use of opioids
• Opioid dependence
• Opioid intoxication
• Opioids withdrawal
• Opioids induced delirium
• Opioids induced psychotic disorder
• Opioids induced mood disorder
• Opioids induced anxiety

Disorders due to use of sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic

• Episode of harmful use of sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic
• Harmful pattern of use of Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic intoxication
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic induced delirium
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic induced psychotic disorder
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic induced mood disorder
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic induced anxiety
• Amnestic disorder due to use of sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics
• Dementia due to use of sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics

Disorders due to use of cocaine

• Episode of harmful use of cocaine
• Harmful pattern of use of cocaine
• Cocaine dependence
• Cocaine intoxication
• Cocaine withdrawal
• Cocaine induced delirium
• Cocaine induced psychotic disorder
• Cocaine induced mood disorder
• Cocaine induced anxiety
• Cocaine induced OCD
• Cocaine induced impulse control disorder

Disorders due to use of amphetamines

• Episode of harmful use of amphetamines
• Harmful pattern of use of amphetamines]]
• Amphetamines dependence
• Amphetamines intoxication
• Amphetamines withdrawal
• Amphetamines induced delirium
• Amphetamines induced psychotic disorder
• Amphetamines induced mood disorder
• Amphetamines induced anxiety
• Amphetamines induced OCD
• Amphetamines induced impulse control disorder

Disorders due to use of synthetic cathinone

• Episode of harmful use of synthetic cathinone
• Harmful pattern of use of synthetic cathinone
• Synthetic cathinone dependence
• Synthetic cathinone intoxication
• Synthetic cathinone withdrawal
• Synthetic cathinone induced delirium
• Synthetic cathinone induced psychotic disorder
• Synthetic cathinone induced mood disorder
• Synthetic cathinone induced anxiety
• Synthetic cathinone induced OCD
• Synthetic cathinone induced impulse control disorder

Disorders due to use of caffeine

• Episode of harmful use of caffeine
• Harmful pattern of use of caffeine
• Caffeine intoxication
• Caffeine withdrawal
• Caffeine induced anxiety disorder
• Caffeine-induced sleep disorder

Disorders due to use of hallucinogens

• Episode of harmful use of hallucinogens
• Harmful pattern of use of hallucinogens
• Hallucinogens dependence
• Hallucinogen induced delirium
• Hallucinogens induced psychotic disorder
• Hallucinogens induced anxiety disorder
• Hallucinogens induced mood disorder
• Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Disorders due to use of nicotine

• Episode of harmful use of nicotine
• Harmful pattern of use of nicotine
• Nicotine intoxication
• Nicotine withdrawal
• Nicotine dependence

Disorders due to use of volatile inhalants

• Episode of harmful use of volatile inhalants
• Harmful pattern of use of volatile inhalants]]
• Opioid dependence^{[clarification needed]}
• Opioid intoxication^{[clarification needed]}
• Volatile inhalants withdrawal
• Volatile inhalants induced delirium
• Volatile inhalants induced psychotic disorder
• Volatile inhalants induced mood disorder
• Volatile inhalants induced anxiety

Disorders due to use of dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP)

• Episode of harmful use of dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP)
• Harmful pattern of use of dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP)
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] dependence
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] intoxication
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] withdrawal
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] induced delirium
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] induced psychotic disorder
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] induced mood disorder
• Dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine [PCP] induced anxiety

Non-substance related disorder

• Addictive personality
• Gambling disorder
• Video game addiction
• Internet addiction disorder
• Sexual addiction
• Food addiction
• Exercise addiction
• Addiction to social media
• Pornography addiction
• Shopping addiction

Paraphilias

Main article: Paraphilia

Further information: List of paraphilias

• Voyeuristic disorder
• Exhibitionistic disorder
• Frotteuristic disorder
• Pedophilia
• Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
• Erotic target location error
• Sexual masochism disorder
• Sexual sadism disorder
• Fetishistic disorder
• Transvestic disorder
• Other specified paraphilic disorder

Somatic symptom related disorders

Main article: Somatic symptom disorder

• Hypochondriasis
• Cyberchondria
• Somatization disorder
• Conversion disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
• Factitious disorder imposed on self (Munchausen syndrome)
• Factitious disorder imposed on another (Munchausen by proxy)
• Pain disorder
• Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS)

Sexual dysfunctions

Main article: Sexual dysfunction

• Delayed ejaculation
• Erectile dysfunction
• Anorgasmia
• Vaginismus
• Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
• Female sexual arousal disorder
• Persistent genital arousal disorder
• Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
• Sexual arousal disorder
• Premature ejaculation
• Dyspareunia
• Sexual dysfunction

Elimination disorders

• Enuresis (involuntary urination)
• Nocturnal enuresis
• Encopresis (involuntary defecation)

Feeding and eating disorders

Main article: Eating disorder

• Pica (disorder)
• Rumination syndrome
• Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
• Anorexia nervosa
• Binge eating disorder
• Bulimia nervosa
• Purging disorder
• Diabulimia
• Night eating syndrome
• Orthorexia nervosa
• Atypical anorexia nervosa
• Other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)

Disruptive impulse-control, and conduct disorders

• Intermittent explosive disorder
• Oppositional defiant disorder
• Conduct disorder
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Pyromania
• Kleptomania
• Mythomania
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

• Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Body integrity dysphoria
• Compulsive hoarding
• Trichotillomania
• Excoriation disorder (skin picking disorder)
• Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder
• Olfactory reference syndrome
• Phantom limb syndrome
• Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Hoarding disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

• Brief psychotic disorder
• Delusional disorder
• Delusional misidentification syndrome
• Paraphrenia
• Psychosis
• Schizophrenia
• Schizoaffective disorder
• Schizophreniform disorder
• Schizotypal personality disorder
• Shared delusional disorder

Personality disorders

Main article: Personality disorder

Cluster A (Odd, Eccentric)

• Paranoid personality disorder
• Schizoid personality disorder
• Schizotypal personality disorder

Cluster B (Dramatic, Erratic)

• Antisocial personality disorder
• Borderline personality disorder
• Histrionic personality disorder
• Narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster C (Fearful, Anxious)

• Avoidant personality disorder
• Dependent personality disorder
• Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder

Not otherwise specified (PD-NOS)

• Depressive personality disorder
• Passive–aggressive personality disorder
• Sadistic personality disorder
• Self-defeating personality disorder

Other

• Gender dysphoria (also known as gender integrity disorder or gender incongruence; there are different categorizations for children and non-children in the ICD-11)
• Medication-induced movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication
• Catatonia
• Culture-bound syndrome

See also

• List of neurological conditions and disorders
• International Classification of Diseases by the WHO - World Health Organisation

References

1. Bolton, Derek (2008). What is mental disorder? an essay in philosophy, science, and values. International perspectives in philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856592-5. OCLC 174094316.
2. American Psychiatric Association, ed. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0890425756.
3. "International Classification of Diseases (ICD)". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014.
4. Sachdev, Perminder S.; Blacker, Deborah; Blazer, Dan G.; Ganguli, Mary; Jeste, Dilip V.; Paulsen, Jane S.; Petersen, Ronald C. (November 2014). "Classifying neurocognitive disorders: the DSM-5 approach". Nature Reviews Neurology. 10 (11): 634–642. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.181. ISSN 1759-4758. PMID 25266297.