List of investigational autism and pervasive developmental disorder drugs

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of investigational autism and pervasive developmental disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorders and/or other pervasive developmental disorders but are not yet approved.

Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.

This list was last comprehensively updated in October 2024. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development

Preregistration

  • CM-4612 (CM-ADHD; CM-AT; CM-PK) – enzyme modulator/replacement for gastrointestinal or pancreatic secretory deficiencies[1]

Phase 3

  • Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT2A 5-HT2B, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and atypical antipsychotic[2]
  • Bumetanide oral liquid (S-95008) – sodium–potassium–chloride symporter/cotransporter inhibitor and indirect GABAergic inhibitor[3][4]
  • Cariprazine (Reagila, Symvenu, Vraylar; MP-214, RGH-188, WID-RGC20) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, and atypical antipsychotic[5]
  • Lumateperone (Caplyta) – dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist, serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and atypical antipsychotic[6]
  • Lurasidone (Latuda) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist, serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, α2C-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and atypical antipsychotic[7]
  • Tasimelteon (Hetlioz) – melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist[8]

Phase 2

  • AB-2004 – microbiome modulator[9]
  • Acamprosate (AOP-2020; Campral; SF-679/SF-775; SF-999) – unknown / GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist[10]
  • Alogabat (RG-7816, RG7816, RO-7017773; GABA-A-α5 PAM) – GABAA α5 subunit-containing receptor positive allosteric modulator[11]
  • Arbaclofen ((R)-baclofen; STX-209) – GABAB receptor agonist[12]
  • Cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex) – cannabinoid receptor modulator, other actions[13]
  • Cannabidiol transdermal patch/gel (Zygel; ZYN-002) – cannabinoid receptor modulator, other actions[14]
  • Cannabidivarin (CBDV; GWP-42006) – non-intoxicating cannabinoid receptor modulator, other actions[15]
  • CP-101 – bacteria relacement and gastrointestinal microbiome modulator[16]
  • JNJ-42165279 (JNJ-5279) – fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor[17]
  • Oxytocin (intranasal potentiated oxytocin; TI-001, TI-114, TNX-1900, TNX-2900) – oxytocin receptor agonist[18]
  • Pitolisant (Wakix; tiprolisant) – histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist[19]
  • Racemetirosine (DL-α-methyltyrosine; L1-79) – tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor[20]
  • Suramin (IV suramin; PAX-101/PAX-102) – DNA synthesis inhibitor and anti-purinergic agent[21]
  • Zolmitriptan modified-release (ML-004, ML004) – serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist[22]

Phase 1

  • (R)-MDMA ((R)-midomafetamine; MM-402) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent and weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist (entactogen and weak psychedelic hallucinogen)[23]
  • STP-1 (STALICLA Therapeutic Package 1) – phosphoric diester hydrolase inhibitor and sodium–potassium–chloride symporter inhibitor[24]
  • Sulforafan alfadex (sulforaphane alfadex; sulforafan α-cyclodextrin; SFX-01, STP-2; broccoli sprout extract) – various actions[25]

Preclinical

  • Bryostatin-1 (MW-904) – protein kinase C stimulant[26]
  • CJRB-303 (CJRB-901, MRx-0006) – bacteria replacement[27]
  • Debamestrocel (growth factor-producing stem cell therapy) – dopaminergic cell replacement therapy[28]
  • FIN-211 – bacteria replacement and gastrointestinal microbiome modulator[29]
  • Levophacetoperane (NLS-3; (R,R)-phacetoperone; methylphenidate reverse ester) – norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and psychostimulant[30][31]
  • LIT-001 – small-molecule oxytocin receptor agonist[32][33]
  • MBDB – serotonin and norepinephrine releasing agent and weak serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor ligand (entactogen)[34][35][36][37]
  • Psilocin (PLZ-1015) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen[38]
  • QBM-001 – undefined mechanism of action (allosteric channel modulator; putative neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent)[39][40]

Research

  • Baeocystin (PLZ-1019) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist, other actions[41][42]
  • Norpsilocin (PLZ-1017) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist, other actions[43][42]
  • Roluperidone (CYR-101, MIN-101, MT-210) – serotonin 5-HT2A, sigma σ2, and α1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist[44]
  • Squalamine (ENT-01; Enterin-01; kenterin) – various actions[45]

Phase unknown

  • Psilocybin (COMP360; COMP-360) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen[46]

Not under development

Development suspended

No development reported

  • AB-1224 – microbiome modulator[48]
  • AGX-201 (histamine dihydrochloride salt) – histamine H1 receptor antagonist and histamine H3 receptor agonist[49]
  • Aminolevulinic acid/sodium ferrous citrate (5-ALA-SFC, 5-ALA/SFX; sodium ferrous citrate/aminolevulinic acid; SPP-003) – erythropoiesis stimulant and photosensitizer[50]
  • Aripiprazole transdermal (AQS-1301; transdermal aripiprazole) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor antagonist or inverse agonist, and atypical antipsychotic[51]
  • BAER-101 (AZ-7325; AZD-7325) – selective GABAA α2 and α3 subunit-containing receptor positive allosteric modulator[52]
  • BBP-472 – phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase β (PI3Kβ) inhibitor[53]
  • Fasoracetam co-crystallised (co-crystallised fasoracetam; AEVI-004) – various actions and racetam[54]
  • Guanfacine once-daily (Guanfacine Carrier Wave; SPD-547) – α2-adrenergic receptor agonist[55]
  • KBLP-010 – bacteria replacement and microbiome modulator[56]
  • NBTX-001 – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist[57]
  • Oxytocin intranasal (OPN-300; OptiNose oxytocin) – oxytocin receptor agonist[58]
  • Research programme: allosteric modulators - Addex Therapeutics (various) – various actions[59]
  • Research programme: antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics - RogCon U.R (RCUR-313, RCUR-SMP) – voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2 expression stimulants[60]
  • Research programme: autism and obesity therapeutics - Berand Neuropharmacology – histone deacetylase inhibitors[61]
  • Research programme: brain development disorder therapeutics - Seaside Therapeutics (STX-110) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor antagonists and muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor antagonists[62]
  • Research programme: cannabinoid receptor modulators - GW Pharmaceuticals (cannabigerol; CBG) – cannabinoid receptor modulators[63]
  • Research programme: cannabis extract therapeutics - Cannabis Science (CBIS compounds) – cannabinoid receptor modulators[64]
  • Research programme: central nervous system therapeutics - AbbVie/Rugen – undefined mechanism of action[65]
  • Research programme: CNS disorder therapeutics - Promentis Pharmaceuticals – antioxidants, glutamate receptor modulators, SLC7A11 modulators[66]
  • Research programme: CNS disorders therapeutics - Sage Therapeutics (SAGE-105; SGE-202; SGE-301; SGE-516) – GABAA receptor modulators and ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor modulators[67]
  • Research programme: G protein-coupled receptor modulating small molecules - Omeros Corporation – G protein-coupled receptor modulator and neuromedin U receptor modulator[68]
  • Research programme: GPCR modulators - Nxera Pharma – various actions[69]
  • Research programme: immunomodulating bacteria-based therapeutics - 4D Pharma – bacteria replacements[70]
  • Research programme: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonists - Roche/Seaside Therapeutics – metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor antagonists[71]
  • Research programme: oxytocin intranasal - Pastorus Pharma – neurotransmitter modulators/oxytocin receptor agonists[72]
  • Research programme: therapeutic autoantibodies - Sengenics – undefined mechanism of action[73]
  • RG-7713 (RG7713) – vasopressin V1A receptor antagonist[74]
  • Tideglusib (AMO-02, NP-031112, NP-12; Nypta, Zentylor) – glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor[75]
  • Vafidemstat (ORY-2001) – dual lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor[76]
  • Xenon (NBTX-001) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen NBTX 001 - AdisInsight

Discontinued

  • Balovaptan (RG-7314, RO-5028442, RO-5285119) – vasopressin V1A receptor antagonist[77]
  • Blarcamesine (AE-37, ANA001, ANAVEX 2-73) – sigma σ1, muscarinic acetylcholine M1, and ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor agonist[78]
  • Brilaroxazine (RP-5063, RP-5000) – dopamine D2, D3, D4 receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist, serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and atypical antipsychotic[79]
  • Carbetocin (CYP-2001) – oxytocin receptor agonist[80]
  • CX-516 (1-BCP; BDP-12, SPD-420; AMPAlex) – AMPA receptor modulator[81]
  • EM-036 (memantine analogue) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions[82]
  • Fasoracetam (AEVI-001, LAM-105, MDGN-001, NFC-1, NS-105) – various actions and racetam[83]
  • Fluoxetine rapid-dissolve (AT-001; AT001; NPL-2008; Serelsa; Zydis™ ODT fluoxetine) – serotonin reuptake inhibitor[84]
  • GTS-21 (DMXB-A, DMXB-A sustained release, DMXB-A-SR) – α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist[85]
  • Ketamine intranasal (RVT-701) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist[86]
  • Memantine (Namenda) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions[87]
  • Oxytocin intranasal (Syntocinon Nasal Spray; TUR 001) – oxytocin receptor agonist[88]
  • Research programme: AMPA receptor agonists (ampakines, AMPAkines; CX compounds) - RespireRx – ionotropic glutamate AMPA receptor agonists[89]
  • Research programme: NMDA receptor modulators - AbbVie/Naurex (NRX-1050; NRX-1051; NRX-1059; NRX-105x; NRX-1060; NRX-2085; NRX-20xx) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor modulators[90]
  • Risperidone extended-release (Risperisphere) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist, serotonin 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist, α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, histamine H1 receptor inverse agonist, and atypical antipsychotic[91]
  • Secretin (INN-329, RG-1068; SecreFlo) – medical imaging enhancer (diagnosis)[92]
  • Suramin (Antrypol) – DNA-directed DNA polymerase inhibitor and intercellular signaling peptide/protein inhibitor[93]
  • Trichuris suis ova (CNDO-201, TSO, TSO-2500, TSO-7500) – immunomodulator[94]
  • Trofinetide (Daybue; G-2Me-PE; Glycyl-2-methyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid; NNZ-2566; IGF-1 (1–3) analogue) – unknown / various actions[95]

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

  • Aripiprazole (Abilify) – dopamine D2 and D3 partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor partial agonist, serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor antagonist or inverse agonist, and atypical antipsychotic[96][97]
  • Risperidone (Risperdal) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist, serotonin 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist, α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, histamine H1 receptor inverse agonist, and atypical antipsychotic[98][97]

Off-label drugs

See also

References

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  60. ^ "Research programme: antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics - RogCon U.R". AdisInsight.
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  64. ^ "Research programme: cannabis extract therapeutics - Cannabis Science". AdisInsight.
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  70. ^ "Research programme: immunomodulating bacteria-based therapeutics - 4D Pharma". AdisInsight.
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East German gymnast Jürgen PaekePaeke in 1972Personal informationBorn13 September 1948 (1948-09-13) (age 75)Biesenthal, Germany Medal record Men's artistic gymnastics Representing  East Germany Olympic Games 1972 Munich Team Jürgen Paeke (born 13 September 1948, in Biesenthal)[1] is a German gymnast who competed for the SC Dynamo Berlin / Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo.[2][3][4] References ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon,...

 

Madeleine Sherwood

Canadian actress (1922–2016) Madeleine SherwoodSherwood in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958)BornMadeleine Louise Hélène Thornton(1922-11-13)November 13, 1922Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDiedApril 23, 2016(2016-04-23) (aged 93)Saint-Hippolyte, Quebec, CanadaOccupationActressYears active1933–1993Spouse Robert Sherwood ​ ​(m. 1940, divorced)​Children1 Madeleine Sherwood (born Madeleine Louise Hélène Thornton; November 13, 1922 – April 23, 2016...

History of the Central Intelligence Agency

See also: Director of Central Intelligence and Clandestine HUMINT and Covert Action Main article: Central Intelligence Agency The lives of 139 fallen CIA officers are represented by 139 stars on the CIA Memorial Wall in the Original Headquarters building. The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) dates from September 18, 1947, when President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law. A major impetus that has been cited over the years[citation needed] ...

 

Jimi Hendrix

Jimi Hendrix-Informasi latar belakangNama lahirJohnny Allen HendrixLahir(1942-11-27)27 November 1942Seattle, Washington, Amerika SerikatGenreBlues-Rock, Psychedelic rock, Hard rock, acid rockPekerjaanGitaris, Penyanyi,Penulis laguInstrumenGitar, Bass, SitarTahun aktif1966 - 1970LabelMCARepriseTrackPolydorCapitolArtis terkaitThe Jimi Hendrix ExperienceGypsy Sun and RainbowsBand of GypsysSitus webJimiHendrix Website James Marshall Jimi Hendrix (27 November 1942 – 18 September 19...

 

Reading, Berkshire

Town and borough in Berkshire, England Reading, Berks redirects here. For the city in Berks County, Pennsylvania, see Reading, Pennsylvania. For the football club, see Reading F.C. Town and borough in EnglandReading Borough of ReadingTown and boroughFrom top left: Reading's medieval Market Place with Town Hall and 11th century St Laurence's Church, the Maiwand Lion, the Town Centre skyline from the Royal Berkshire Hospital, the 12th Century Reading Abbey ruins, The Oracle shopping centre and ...

Escola de Engenharia de Taubaté

Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da UNITAUou Escola de Engenharia de Taubaté (EET) Fundação agosto de 1962[1] Instituição mãe Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU) Tipo de instituição Unidade integrante da UNITAU Localização Taubaté, SP,  Brasil Docentes 80 Campus Campus da Juta, Taubaté Página oficial Página oficial do Departamento O Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Taubaté, também conhecido como Escola de Engenharia de Taubaté é uma tradicional ...

 

Star Tribune

Daily newspaper in Minneapolis, Minnesota, US For the Wyoming newspaper, see Casper Star-Tribune. Star TribuneThe August 2, 2007 front pageof the Star TribuneTypeDaily newspaperFormatBroadsheetOwner(s)Star Tribune Media Company LLC (Glen Taylor)PublisherSteve Grove (taking over in April 2023)EditorRene SanchezOpinion editorScott GillespieFoundedMay 25, 1867; 156 years ago (1867-05-25)(as the Minneapolis Tribune)August 19, 1920; 103 years ago (1920-08-19)(as...

 

العلاقات البوسنية الإندونيسية

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Aki Linnanahde

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Leveling effect

Effect of solvents on properties of acids and bases Acid-base discrimination windows of common solvents[1] Leveling effect or solvent leveling refers to the effect of solvent on the properties of acids and bases. The strength of a strong acid is limited (leveled) by the basicity of the solvent. Similarly the strength of a strong base is leveled by the acidity of the solvent. When a strong acid is dissolved in water, it reacts with it to form hydronium ion (H3O+).[2] An example...

 

Kavresthali Secondary School

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kavresthali Secondary School – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Public school in Kathmandu, NepalKavresthali Secondary School(Thathi)AddressKavresthali VDCKathmanduNepalInformationTypePublic schoolMotto...

BottleRock Napa Valley

Annual music festival in Napa, California BottleRock Napa ValleyBottleRockStatusActiveGenreMusic festivalDates26-28 May 2023FrequencyYearly (last weekend in May)Location(s)Napa, California, United StatesYears active2013–2019, 2021–InauguratedMay 8, 2013Organized byLatitude 38 EntertainmentWebsitewww.bottlerocknapavalley.com BottleRock Napa Valley is an annual music festival held at the Napa Valley Expo in Napa, California. The initial BottleRock was a five-day event that took place May 8...

 

Creed (film)

2015 American boxing film directed by Ryan Coogler Rocky VII and Rocky 7 redirect here. For the third album by 't Hof van Commerce, see Rocky 7 (album). CreedTheatrical release posterDirected byRyan CooglerScreenplay by Ryan Coogler Aaron Covington Story byRyan CooglerBased onCharactersby Sylvester StalloneProduced by Irwin Winkler Robert Chartoff Charles Winkler William Chartoff David Winkler Kevin King-Templeton Sylvester Stallone Starring Michael B. Jordan Sylvester Stallone Tessa Thompson...

 

Palacio del Descubrimiento

Palais de la découverte Espacio de la entrada al museo. UbicaciónPaís  FranciaLocalidad ParísCoordenadas 48°51′58″N 2°18′39″E / 48.866111111111, 2.3108333333333Tipo y coleccionesTipo Museo de ciencias y tecnologíasHistoria y gestiónCreación 1937Administrador Gobierno francésInformación del edificioConstrucción 1937Información para visitantesVisitantes 600.000web oficial Sitio web oficial[editar datos en Wikidata] El Palacio del Descubrimient...

Deatta Koro no Yō ni

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Deatta Koro no Yō ni – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1997 single by Every Little ThingDeatta Koro no Yō niSingle by Every Little Thingfrom the album Time to Destination ReleasedAugust 6, 1997Ge...

 

Proton E01 engine

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Last update: 19 January 2016 (November 2023) The Proton E01 engine, formerly known as the Petronas E01 engine, is an upcoming automobile gasoline engine by the Malaysian carmaker, Proton. Originally developed by the Malaysian oil company Petronas in 1997, the engine patents were acquired by Proton in 2012. The engine is currently being reworked in order to meet the upcomi...

 

Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha

Großes Staatswappen des Herzogtums Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha Das Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, bis 1826 Haus Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, ist eine deutsche Adelsfamilie, eine jüngere Seitenlinie der ernestinischen Wettiner. Der Name stammt vom Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, das auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Länder Thüringen und Bayern gelegen ist und durch Angehörige dieses Fürstenhauses von 1826 bis 1918 regiert wurde. Durch Wahl und eine geschickte Heiratspolitik gelangten Mitglieder d...

Ibrahim Ferrer

Ibrahim Ferrer Nazionalità Cuba GenereSon cubano Sito ufficiale Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Ibrahim Ferrer Planas (Santiago di Cuba, 20 febbraio 1927 – L'Avana, 6 agosto 2005) è stato un musicista cubano di son cubano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Voci correlate 3 Altri progetti 4 Collegamenti esterni Biografia La madre di Ibrahim Ferrer morì quando lui era appena dodicenne. Il fatto lo costrinse a diventare un musicista di strada per sopravvivere. A 13 anni costituì il p...

 

Patrick Boyle, 10th Earl of Glasgow

British politician (born 1939) The Right HonourableThe Earl of GlasgowDLMember of the House of LordsLord TemporalHereditary peerage28 February 1990 – 11 November 1999Preceded byThe 9th Earl of GlasgowSucceeded bySeat abolishedIncumbentHereditary peerage 17 January 2005By-election25 January 2005Preceded byThe Earl Russell Personal detailsBorn (1939-07-30) 30 July 1939 (age 84)Political partyLiberal DemocratSpouse Isabel James ​(m. 1974)​Children...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!