List of children of presidents of the United States
Index of US Presidents' children
Theodore Roosevelt and Edith Carow Roosevelt with their children. Children from left to right: Quentin Roosevelt , Theodore Roosevelt Jr. , Archibald Roosevelt , Alice Longworth , Kermit Roosevelt , and Ethel Roosevelt Derby .
The following people are children of U.S. presidents , including stepchildren and alleged illegitimate children. All full names with married names are given except for Theodore Roosevelt III and Herbert Charles Hoover. Currently there are 33 confirmed, known living presidential children , the oldest Lynda Bird Johnson Robb , the youngest Barron Trump. Two presidential children, John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush , have become president in their own right.
Presidential children have been studied individually and as a class. As individuals they are more often notable in their own right than most individuals: They disproportionately circulate among political and social leaders and the wealthier classes, and they are more likely to be scrutinized as part of celebrity culture . Additionally, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other family members. For instance, a child may have had a significant influence on the child's parent: acting as a sounding board, or having behavioral issues that affected the parent's beliefs or performance. John Scott Harrison is the only person to be both a child of a U.S. president and a parent of another U.S. president, being a son of William Henry Harrison and the father of Benjamin Harrison .
As a class, the children of presidents have also occasioned significant study. Study has generally followed two paths: The issue of what access and inclusion within the circles of power does to individuals' lives, aspirations, and outcomes;[1] and the issue of their influence on society and politics.[2]
18th century
No children together. Martha Washington had four children with Daniel Parke Custis . The two oldest (who died before her marriage to George Washington) are:
Daniel Parke Custis (November 19, 1751 – February 19, 1754)
Frances Parke Custis (April 12, 1753 – April 1, 1757)
The last two children were Martha’s grandchildren by her son John, who came to live with their grandparents after the death of their father. John’s two oldest children, Elizabeth and Martha, remained with their mother.
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
John Parke Custis Nickname: Jacky
November 27, 1754 – November 5, 1781
Eleanor Calvert
Stepson; father was Daniel Parke Custis
Father of:
Martha Parke Custis Nickname: Patsy
1756 – June 19, 1773
no spouse
Stepdaughter; father was Daniel Parke Custis
Elizabeth Parke Custis Nickname: Eliza
August 21, 1776 – December 31, 1831
Thomas Law
Daughter of stepson John Parke Custis
Mother of:
Eliza Parke Custis Law (1797–1822)
Martha Parke Custis Nickname: Patsy
December 31, 1777 – July 13, 1854
Thomas Peter
Daughter of stepson John Parke Custis
Mother of:
Martha Eliza Angela Peter (1796–1800)
Columbia Washington Peter (1797–1820)
John Parke Custis Peter (1799–1848)
George Washington Peter (1801–1877)
Daniel Parke Peter (1802-1802)
America Pinckney Peter (1803–1842)
Robert Thomas Peter (1806–1807)
Martha Custis Castania Peter (1808–1809)
Unnamed child Peter (1810-1810)
Brittania Wellington Peter (1815–1911)
Eleanor Parke Custis Nickname: Nelly
March 31, 1779 – July 15, 1852
Lawrence Lewis
Foster Daughter; daughter of stepson John Parke Custis
Mother of:
Frances Parke Lewis (1799–1875)
Martha Betty Lewis (1801–1802)
Lawrence Fielding Lewis (1802–1802)
Lorenzo Lewis (1803–1847)
Eleanor Agnes Freire Lewis (1805–1820)
Fielding Augustine Lewis (1807–1809)
George Washington Custis Lewis (1810–1811)
Martha Eleanor Angela Lewis (1813–1839)
George Washington Parke Custis Nickname: Wash
April 30, 1781 – October 10, 1857
Mary Lee Fitzhugh
Legal ward; son of stepson John Parke Custis
Father of:
Unnamed child Custis (1805-1805)
Martha Elizabeth Ann Custis (1806-1807)
Mary Anna Randolph Custis (1807–1873)
Edward Hill Carter Custis (1809-1810)
alleged child with Venus (a slave)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
West Ford
c. 1784–1863
Priscilla Ford
Venus was enslaved by Washington's brother, John Augustine Washington . Ford family lore states that West Ford’s father was President Washington.[3] No DNA testing conducted. Granted his freedom in 1805. Fathered four children with wife. Grandfather of Major George W. Ford .
Father of:
William Washington Ford (1814-1874)
Jane Ford (1816-1879)
Julia Ford (1817-1895)
Daniel Ford (1824-1888)
Thomas Posey was also rumored to be the illegitimate son of George Washington. His actual parentage is unclear.[4] [5]
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Abigail Adams Nickname: Nabby or Amelia
July 14, 1765 – August 15, 1813
William Stephens Smith
Mother of:
William Steuben Smith (1787–1850)
John Adams Smith (1788–1854)
Thomas Hollis Smith (1790–1791)
Caroline Amelia Smith (1795–1852)
John Quincy Adams 6th president (1825–1829)
July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848
Louisa Catherine Johnson
6th president of the United States, see below at John Quincy and Louisa Adams
Susanna AdamsNickname: Suky
December 28, 1768 – February 4, 1770
no spouse
died of an unknown illness
Charles Adams
May 29, 1770 – November 30, 1800
Sarah Smith
Father of:
Susanna Boylston Adams (1796–1884)
Abigail Louisa Smith Adams (1798–1836)
Thomas Boylston Adams
September 15, 1772 – March 13, 1832
Ann Harrod
Father of:
Abigail Smith Adams (1806–1845)
Thomas Boylston Adams (1809–1837)
Elizabeth Coombs Adams (1809–1903)
Frances Foster Adams (1811–1812)
Isaac Hull Adams (1813–1900)
John Quincy Adams (1815–1854)
Joseph Harrod Adams (1817–1853)
Elizabeth Adams
July 11, 1777
no spouse
stillborn
19th century
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Martha Jefferson Nickname: Patsy
September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836
Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
Mother of 12, including:
Jane Randolph Jefferson
April 3, 1774 – September 1775[6]
no spouse
died of unknown causes
unnamed son[7]
May 28 – June 14, 1777
died in infancy
Mary Jefferson Nickname: Polly or Maria
August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804
John Wayles Eppes
Mother of 3, including:
Baby Girl Eppes (1799–1800)
Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (I)
November 30, 1780 – April 15, 1781
no spouse
died of an unspecified illness[8]
Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (II)
May 8, 1782 – ca. October 13, 1784[9]
died of whooping cough [9]
Martha Jefferson also had one son with her first husband Bathurst Skelton, who died before her marriage to Jefferson:
1. John Skelton (November 7, 1767 – June 10, 1771)
Children with Sally Hemings ; see Jefferson DNA data
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Harriet Hemings (I)
October 5, 1795 – December 7, 1797
no spouse
died of unknown causes
William Beverly Hemings
April 1, 1798 – after 1822
a white woman in Maryland
one daughter, unknown name
Unnamed Daughter Hemings
ca. December 7, 1799 – ca. 1800
no spouse
died in early childhood
Harriet Hemings (II)
May 22, 1801 – after 1822
unknown
unknown
James Madison Hemings
January 18, 1805 – November 26, 1877
Mary Hughes McCoy
Father of 10, including:
Unnamed Son Hemings (dates unknown)
Sarah Hemings (1835-1884)
Thomas Eston Hemings (1839-1865)
Harriet Hemings (1842-1926)
Mary Ann Hemings (1843-1921)
William Beverly Hemings (1847-1910)
James Madison Hemings (1849-1922)
Julia Ann Hemings (1851-1867)
Ellen Wayles Hemings (1856-1940)
Eston Hemings
May 21, 1808 – January 3, 1856
Julia Ann Isaacs
Father of 3, including:
John Wayles Jefferson (1835–1892)
Anna Wayles Jefferson (1837-1866)
Beverly Frederick Jefferson (1839-1908)
Thomas Woodson, the father of Lewis Woodson and Sarah Jane Woodson , was also claimed to be a child of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. However, DNA testing of the male Jefferson line and the male Woodson line showed no link.
No children together, but raised the older of Dolley's 2 sons from her first marriage to John Todd:
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
John Payne Todd Nickname: Payne
February 29, 1792 – January 16, 1852
no spouse
raised by James Madison; father was John Todd Jr.
William Temple Todd
July 4 – October 14, 1793
died of yellow fever [10]
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe Nickname: Eliza
December 1786 – January 27, 1840[11] [12]
George Hay
Mother of
Hortensia Monroe Hay (1809-1834)
James Spence Monroe
May 1799 – September 28, 1800[13] [a]
no spouse
died after "several days sickness".[13]
Maria Hester Monroe
April 8, 1802 – June 20, 1850
Samuel Laurence Gouverneur
Mother of
Hester Gouverneur (1821-1821)
James Monroe Gouverneur (1822–1885)
Elizabeth Kortright Gouverneur (1824–1868)
Samuel Laurence Gouverneur, Jr. (1826–1880)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
George Washington Adams
April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829
none [b]
Jumped off of a boat and drowned
John Adams II
July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834
Mary Catherine Hellen
Father of:
Mary Louisa (December 2, 1828 – July 16, 1859)
Georgiana Frances (September 10, 1830 – November 20, 1839)
unnamed son[15]
June 22, 1806
no spouse
stillborn
Charles Francis Adams
August 18, 1807 – November 21, 1886
Abigail Brown Brooks
Served as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1861–1868) Father of 7, including:
Louisa Catherine Adams
August 12, 1811 – September 15, 1812
no spouse
died in St. Petersburg, Russia from an unknown illness while her father was serving as Minister to Russia[16] [17]
No biological children together, adopted two:
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Andrew Jackson Jr.
December 4, 1808 – April 17, 1865
Sarah Yorke
adopted at birth; biological son of Severn Donelson, brother of Rachel Jackson
Father of 5, including;
Rachel Jackson (1832-1923)
Andrew Jackson III (1834-1906)
Samuel Jackson (1837-1863)
Thomas Jefferson Jackson (1841-1841)
Robert Armstrong Jackson (1843-1843)
Lyncoya Jackson
c. 1811 – July 1, 1828
No spouse
Creek orphan adopted after the Battle of Tallushatchee ; died of tuberculosis at the age of sixteen.
Andrew and Rachel also served as guardians to eight children:
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
John Samuel Donelson
before 1805–1817
unknown
Orphaned nephews of Rachel, sons of Samuel Donelson who died in 1804
Andrew Jackson Donelson
August 25, 1799 – June 26, 1871
Emily Tennessee Donelson
Elizabeth Martin Randolph
Daniel Smith Donelson
June 23, 1801 – April 17, 1863
Margaret Donelson
Andrew Jackson Hutchings
1812–1841
Mary Coffee
Orphaned grandnephew of Rachel
Caroline Butler
before 1804 – 1817
unknown
Orphaned children of family friend Edward Butler [18]
Eliza Eleanor Butler
April 20, 1791 – November 4, 1850
John Donelson[c]
Edward George Washington Butler
February 22, 1800 – September 5, 1888
Frances Parke Lewis[d]
Anthony Wayne Butler
1803–1824
unknown
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Abraham Van Buren II
November 1807 – March 15, 1873
Angelica Singleton
4 children
John Van Buren
February 18, 1810 – October 13, 1866
Elizabeth Vanderpoel
Father of:
Anna Van Buren (1842–1923)
Martin Van Buren Jr.Nickname: Matt
December 20, 1812 – March 19, 1855
No spouse and no children
died of tuberculosis
Winfield Scott Van Buren
1814
died in infancy
Smith Thompson Van Buren
January 16, 1817 – December 10, 1876
Ellen King James Henrietta Eckford Irving
7 children between 2 wives
unnamed daughter[20]
1818 or about 1807
no spouse
stillborn
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Elizabeth Bassett HarrisonNickname: Betsy
September 29, 1796 – September 27, 1846
John Cleves Short
1 child
John Cleves Symmes Harrison
October 28, 1798 – October 30, 1830
Clarissa Pike[e]
6 children
Lucy Singleton Harrison
September 1800 – April 7, 1826[21]
David K. Este[22]
4 children
William Henry Harrison Jr.
September 3, 1802 – February 6, 1838[21]
Jane Findlay Irwin
3 children
John Scott Harrison
October 4, 1804 – May 25, 1878
Lucretia Knapp Johnson
3 children
Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin
10 children, including 23rd president (1889–1893) Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901)
Benjamin Harrison
1806 – June 9, 1840[21]
Louisa Smith Bonner
2 children
Mary Raney
3 children
Mary Symmes Harrison
January 22, 1809 – November 16, 1842[23]
John Henry Fitzhugh Thornton
6 children[24]
Carter Bassett Harrison
October 26, 1811 – August 12, 1839
Mary Anne Sutherland
1 child
Anna Tuthill Harrison
October 28, 1813 – July 5, 1845[23]
William Henry Harrison Taylor[f]
7 children
James Findlay Harrison
1814–1817[23]
no spouse
died of unknown causes
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Dilsia Harrison
1809–before 1900
unknown
Daughter conceived by one of his slaves.[25]
Marie Harrison
1840–1875
no spouse
Had 4 children with Augustus C. Ware (1830–1872). Grandmother of Walter Francis White , head of the NAACP .
Unknown (Harrison)
Unknown (Harrison)
Unknown (Harrison)
Unknown (Harrison)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Mary Tyler
April 15, 1815 – June 17, 1847
Henry Lightfoot Jones
2 children
Robert Tyler
September 9, 1816 – December 3, 1877
Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper
8 children
John Tyler Jr.
April 27, 1819 – January 26, 1896
Martha Rochelle
3 children
Letitia Christian Tyler Nickname: Letty
May 11, 1821 – December 28, 1907
James Allen Semple
no children
Elizabeth TylerNickname: Lizzie
July 11, 1823 – June 1, 1850
William Nevison Waller
5 children
Anne Contesse Tyler[26]
April 5 – July 1825
no spouse
died in infancy
Alice Tyler
March 23, 1827 – June 8, 1854
Henry Mandeville Denison
1 child[27]
Tazewell Tyler
December 6, 1830 – January 8, 1874
Nannie Bridges
1 daughter
alleged child with a slave
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
John William Dunjee
1833–1903
Lydia Ann Taylor
allegedly the son of John Tyler; unproven as of 2011[28] Father of:
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
David Gardiner Tyler Nickname: Gardie
July 12, 1846 – September 5, 1927
Mary Morris Jones
5 children
John Alexander Tyler Nickname: Alex
April 7, 1848 – September 1, 1883
Sarah Griswold Gardiner
2 children
Julia Gardiner Tyler
December 25, 1849 – May 8, 1871
William H. Spencer
Julia Tyler Spencer Cheever (1871–1955, born via coffin birth )
Lachlan Tyler
December 2, 1851 – January 26, 1902
Georgia Webb Powell
no children
Lyon Gardiner Tyler
August 24, 1853 – February 12, 1935
Anne Baker Tucker
Father of:
Julia Gardiner Tyler (1881–1965)
Elizabeth Gilmour Tyler (1885–1976)
John Tyler (1889–1969)
Sue Ruffin
Father of:
Harrison is still alive as of December 3, 2020,[29]
making John Tyler the earliest president with still-living grandchildren.
Robert Fitzwalter Tyler
March 12, 1856 – December 30, 1927
Fannie Glenn
at least 3 children
Margaret Pearl Tyler
June 20, 1860 – June 30, 1947
William Munford Ellis
Mother of 8
The Polks remain the only presidential couple to never have children while together, biologically, adopted, or from previous marriage.
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Marshall Tate Polk Jr.
May 15, 1831 – February 29, 1884
Evalina McNeal Bills
Guardianship/Legal ward, nephew, son of brother Marshall Tate Polk
Sarah Polk Fall
April 1, 1847 – July 22, 1924
George William Fall
Legal ward, shortly after the death of the president his widow unofficially adopted a great niece
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Ann Mackall Taylor
April 9, 1811 – December 2, 1875
Dr. Robert Crooke Wood
Mother of four children, including John Taylor Wood (1830–1904)
Sarah Knox Taylor Nickname: Knoxie
March 6, 1814 – September 15, 1835[30]
Jefferson F. Davis
died from malaria as a newlywed
Octavia Pannel Taylor[31] [g]
August 16, 1816 – September 3, 1820[30]
no spouse
died from malaria [h]
Margaret Smith Taylor
July 17, 1819 – October 1820
died from malaria [i]
Mary Elizabeth Taylor Nickname: Betty
April 20, 1824 – July 25, 1909
William Wallace Smith Bliss
Betty Bliss served as President Taylor's White House hostess, as the First Lady was an invalid.
Philip Pendleton Dandridge
Richard Taylor Nickname: Dick
January 27, 1826 – April 17, 1879[30]
Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier
Father of Richard, Zachary, Louise, Elizabeth, and Myrthe.
Fillmore's second wife was Caroline Fillmore but they had no children.
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Franklin Pierce Jr.
February 2–5, 1836
no spouse
died from complications to his birth
Frank Robert Pierce
August 27, 1839 – November 14, 1843
died of typhus fever after contracting it along with his brother
Benjamin PierceNickname: Benny
April 13, 1841 – January 6, 1853
died in a train accident in front of his parents, weeks before his father was inaugurated
No biological children, and never married but had two nieces of whom he was the legal guardian
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Mary Elizabeth Speer Lane
1826–1855
George Washington Baker
Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane)
Harriet Rebecca Lane
May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903
Henry Elliott Johnston
Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane); served as Acting First Lady
Mother of:
James Buchanan Johnston (1866–1881)
Henry Elliott Johnston (1870–1882)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Martha Johnson
October 25, 1828 – July 10, 1901
David Trotter Patterson
Martha Johnson Patterson § Descendants :
Andrew Johnson Patterson (1857–1932)
Mary Belle Patterson Landstreet (1859–1891)[39]
Charles Johnson
February 19, 1830 – April 4, 1863
No spouse and no children
Mary Johnson
May 8, 1832 – April 19, 1883
Daniel Stover
Mary Johnson Stover § Descendants
Eliza Johnson "Lillie" Stover Maloney (1855–1892)
Sarah Drake Stover Bachman (1857–1886)
Andrew Johnson Stover (1860–1923)
William R. Brown
Robert Johnson
February 22, 1834 – April 22, 1869
No spouse and no children
Andrew Johnson Jr. Nickname: Frank
August 5, 1852 – March 12, 1879
Bessie May Kumbaugh
No children
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Frederick Dent Grant
May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912
Ida Marie Honoré
Father of:
Ulysses S. Grant Jr. Nickname: Buck
July 22, 1852 – September 25, 1929
Frances Josephine "Fannie" Chaffee
Father of 5 children, including:
Miriam Grant (1881-1940)
Chaffee Grant (1883-1940)
Julia Dent Grant (1885-1964)
Fannie Grant (1889-1924)
Ulysses Simpson Grant IV (1893–1977)
America Rosa Workman Will
No children
Ellen Wrenshall Grant Nickname: Nellie
July 4, 1855 – August 30, 1922
Algernon Charles Frederick Sartoris
Mother of:
Grant Grenville Edward Sartoris (1875–1876)
Algernon Edward Sartoris (1877–1928)
Vivien May Sartoris (1879–1933)
Rosemary Alice Sartoris (1880–1914)
Frank Hatch Jones
No children
Jesse Root Grant II
February 6, 1858 – June 8, 1934
Elizabeth Mary Chapman
Father of two, including
Lillian Burns Wilkins
No children
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Birchard Austin Hayes
November 4, 1853 – January 24, 1926
Mary Nancy Sherman
Father of 5 including;
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1887-1888)
Sherman Otis Hayes (1889-1949)
Webb Cook Hayes II (1890-1957)
Walter Sherman Hayes (1893-1976)
Scott Russell Hayes (1894-1968)
James Webb Cook Hayes Nickname: Webb
March 20, 1856 – July 26, 1934
Mary Otis Brinkerhoff Miller
No children
Rutherford Platt Hayes
June 24, 1858 – July 31, 1927
Lucy Hayes Platt
3 children, including;
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1896-1902)
William Platt Hayes (1897-1976)
Birchard Platt Hayes (1902-1958)
Joseph Thompson HayesNickname: Jody
December 21, 1861 – June 24, 1863
no spouse
died of dysentery
George Crook Hayes
September 29, 1864 – May 4, 1866
died of scarlet fever
Frances HayesNickname: Fanny
September 2, 1867 – March 18, 1950
Harry Eaton Smith
1 child;
Dalton Smith Hayes (1898-1950)
Scott Russell Hayes
February 8, 1871 – May 6, 1923
Maude Anderson
No children
Manning Force Hayes
August 1, 1873 – August 28, 1874[40]
no spouse
died in infancy, as a result of dysentery[41]
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Eliza Arabella GarfieldNickname: Trot
July 3, 1860 – December 3, 1863
no spouse
died of diphtheria [42]
Harry Augustus Garfield Nickname: Hal
October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942
Belle Hartford Mason
Father of 4 children:
James Garfield (1889-1976)
Mason Garfield (1892-1945)
Lucretia Garfield (1894-1968)
Stanton Garfield (1895-1979)
James Rudolph Garfield
October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950
Helen Newell
He was Secretary of the Interior during Theodore Roosevelt's administration. Father of 4 children, including:
John Newell Garfield (1892–1931)
James Abram Garfield (1894-1969)
Newell Garfield (1895–1975)
Rudolph Hills Garfield (1899–1946)
Mary GarfieldNickname: Mollie
January 16, 1867 – December 30, 1947
Joseph Stanley-Brown
Mother of:[43]
Rudolph Stanley-Brown (1889–1944)
Ruth Stanley-Brown (1892–1981)
Margaret "Peggy" Stanley-Brown (1895–1958)
Irvin McDowell Garfield
August 3, 1870 – July 18, 1951
Susan Emmons
Father of 3, including;
Eleanor Garfield (1908-2002)
Jane Garfield (1910-2004)
Irvin McDowell Garfield Jr. (1913-1985)
Abram Garfield
November 21, 1872 – October 16, 1958
Sarah Granger Williams
2 children, including;
Edward Williams Garfield (1899-1979)
Mary Louise Garfield (1903-1991)
Helen Grannis Matthews
Edward Garfield
December 25, 1874 – October 25, 1876
no spouse
died of whooping cough
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
William Lewis Arthur
December 10, 1860 – July 7, 1863
no spouse
died of convulsions
Chester Alan Arthur II Nickname: Alan
July 25, 1864 – July 18, 1937
Myra Townsend
Father of 2:
Rowena Graves
Ellen Hansbrough Herndon ArthurNickname: Nell
November 21, 1871 – September 6, 1915
Charles Pinkerton
No children
See also section on Grover and Frances Cleveland
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Oscar Folsom Cleveland
September 14, 1874 – March 9, 1947
unknown name
(married for ten years)[44]
Illegitimate. Cleveland made payments to Maria Halpin after the boy was born.[45]
Grover Cleveland acknowledged possibility he was Oscar Folsom Cleveland's father.[45]
During the 1884 presidential race the controversy prompted Cleveland's opponents to adopt the chant, "Ma, ma, where's my pa?"[46] [47]
The child was adopted as "James E. King Jr" into the family of Dr. James King.[44] [47] [48]
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Russell Benjamin Harrison
August 12, 1854 – December 13, 1936
May Angeline Saunders
Born Russell Farnum Lord Harrison
Father of 2, including:
Mary Scott Harrison Nickname: Mamie
April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930
James Robert McKee
Served as acting First Lady
Mother of:
Benjamin Harrison McKee (1887–1958)
Mary Lodge McKee Reisinger (1888–1967)
unnamed daughter
June 13, 1861
no spouse
stillborn
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Elizabeth Harrison Walker
February 21, 1897 – December 25, 1955
James Blaine Walker
2 children:
Benjamin Harrison Walker (1921 - 1995)
Jane Harrison Walker Garfield (1929 - 2020)
See also section on Grover Cleveland and Maria Halpin
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Ruth Cleveland Nickname: Baby Ruth
October 3, 1891 – January 7, 1904
no spouse
died of diphtheria
Esther Cleveland
September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980
William Sydney Bence Bosanquet
First presidential child to be born in the White House. Mother of:
Marion Frances Daniel, née Bosanquet (1919–2016)
Philippa Foot , née Bosanquet (1920–2010)
Marion Cleveland
July 7, 1895 – March 10, 1977
William Stanley Dell
Mother of Frances Folsom Dell (1920–2005)[49]
John Harlan Amen
Mother of Grover Cleveland Amen (1932–1997)
Richard Folsom Cleveland Nickname: Dick
October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974
Ellen Douglas Gailor
Father of:
Ann Mary Cleveland (1925–2015)
Thomas Grover Cleveland (1927–2020)
Charlotte Gailor Cleveland (1930–2007)
Jessie Maxwell Black
Father of 3, including:
Frances Black Cleveland (born 1946)
George Maxwell Cleveland (born 1952)
Margaret Folsom Cleveland (1956–2021)
Francis Cleveland
June 18, 1903 – November 8, 1995
Alice Erdman
Father of Marion C. Cleveland (1925–2014)
Child
Lifetime
Notes
Katherine McKinley Nickname: Katie
December 25, 1871 – June 25, 1875
died of typhoid fever
Ida McKinley
April 1 – August 22, 1873
died in infancy
20th century
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Nickname: Ted
September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944
Eleanor Butler Alexander
Governor General of the Philippines and Governor of Puerto Rico. Father of:
Kermit Roosevelt
October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943
Belle Wyatt Willard[50]
Father of:
Ethel Carow Roosevelt
August 13, 1891 – December 10, 1977
Richard Derby
Mother of:
Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt Nickname: Archie
April 10, 1894 – October 13, 1979
Grace Lockwood
Father of:
Quentin Roosevelt Nickname: Quentyquee or Quinikins
November 19, 1897 – July 14, 1918
No spouse and no children
died in combat in World War I
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Robert Alphonso Taft
September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953
Martha Wheaton Bowers
US senator (1939–1953) and Majority Leader (1953) Father of:
Helen Herron Taft Nickname: Helene
August 1, 1891 – February 21, 1987
Frederick Johnson Manning
Mother of:
Helen Taft Manning (1921–2013)
Caroline Manning (1925–2020)
Charles Phelps Taft II Nickname: Charlie
September 20, 1897 – June 24, 1983
Eleanor Kellogg Chase
Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio Father of:
Eleanor Kellogg Taft (1918–2004)
Sylvia Howard Taft (1920–2008)
Seth Chase Taft (1922–2013)
Lucia Chase Taft (1924–1955)
Cynthia Herron Taft (1928–2013)
Rosalyn Rawson Taft (1930–1941)
Peter Rawson Taft III (b. 1936)
Wilson's second wife Edith Wilson , with her first husband Norman Galt, had one son, who died in infancy before her marriage to Wilson.
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Marshall Eugene DeWolfe Nickname: Pete
September 22, 1880 – January 1, 1915
Esther Naomi Neely
Stepson from Florence's first marriage, to Henry Athenton DeWolfe. Father of:
Eugenia DeWolfe (1911–1978)
George Warren DeWolfe (1914–1968)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Elizabeth Ann Britton Nickname: Emma or Ann
October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005
Henry Edward Blaesing
Illegitimate daughter of Warren G. Harding, proven by DNA testing in 2015[51] 3 children, including;
Thomas Jay Blaesing (born 1947)
James Edward Blaesing (born 1950)
Philip Alan Blaesing (born 1954)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
John Coolidge
September 7, 1906 – May 31, 2000
Florence Trumbull
Father of:
Cynthia Coolidge Jeter (1933–1989)
Lydia Coolidge Sayles (1939–2001)
Calvin Coolidge Jr.
April 13, 1908 – July 7, 1924
no spouse
died of blood poisoning
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Herbert Charles Hoover
August 4, 1903 – July 9, 1969
Margaret Ava Watson
Served as Under Secretary of State (October 4, 1954 – February 5, 1957) in the Eisenhower Administration .
Variously named as "Herbert Hoover, Jr.,"[52] "Herbert Charles Hoover,"[53] and "Herbert Clark Hoover."[54]
Father of:
Margaret Ann Hoover (1926–2011)
Herbert "Pete" Hoover III (1927–2010)
Joan Leslie Hoover (1930–2002)
Allan Henry Hoover
July 17, 1907 – November 4, 1993
Margaret Coberly
Father of:
Allan Henry Hoover Jr. (1938–2013)
Andrew Hoover (b. 1940)
Lou Henry Hoover (1943–2012)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
May 3, 1906 – December 1, 1975
Curtis Bean Dall
Mother of:
Clarence John Boettiger
Mother of
James Addison Halsted
No children with James Halsted
James Roosevelt Nickname: Jimmy
December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991
Betsey Maria Cushing [50]
Father of:
Romelle Theresa Schneider
Father of 3 children, including:
James Roosevelt Jr. (born 1945)
Michael Anthony Roosevelt (born 1946)
Anna Eleanor "Anne" Roosevelt (born 1948) [50]
Gladys Irene Owens
1 adopted child - Hall Delano Roosevelt (born and adopted 1959)
Mary Lena Winskill
1 child - Rebecca Mary Roosevelt (born 1971)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (I)
March 18, 1909 – November 8, 1909
no spouse
died as an infant
Elliott Roosevelt
September 23, 1910 – October 27, 1990
Elizabeth Browning Donner
Father of William Donner Roosevelt (1932–2003)[50]
Ruth Josephine Googins
Father of:
Ruth Chandler Roosevelt (Lindsley) (1934–2018)[50]
Elliott "Tony" Roosevelt Jr. (b. 1936)[50]
David Boynton Roosevelt (1942–2022)[55]
Faye Margaret Emerson
No children with Faye Emerson
Minnewa Bell
No children with Minnewa Bell
Patricia Peabody Whitehead
1 child: Livingston Delano Roosevelt (born March 16, 1962; died March 21, 1962). Adopted 4 stepchildren from Patricia Peabody Roosevelt's first marriage.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (II)
August 17, 1914 – August 17, 1988
Ethel du Pont
Father of:
Suzanne Perrin
Father of:
Nancy Suzanne Roosevelt (b. 1952)[50]
Laura Delano Roosevelt (b. 1959)[50]
Felicia Schiff Warburg
No children with Felicia Warburg Roosevelt
Patricia Luisa Oakes
Father of:
John Alexander Roosevelt (b. 1977)[50]
Linda McKay Stevenson
No children with Linda Stevenson Roosevelt
John Aspinwall Roosevelt II
March 13, 1916 – April 27, 1981
Anne Lindsay Clark
Father of:
Haven Clark Roosevelt[50]
Anne Sturgis "Nina" Roosevelt (b. 1942)[50]
Sara Delano "Sally" Roosevelt (1946–1960)[50]
Joan Lindsay Roosevelt (1952–1997)[50]
Irene Elder Boyd
No children with Irene Boyd Roosevelt
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Lynda Bird Johnson [56]
born March 19, 1944
Charles Spittal Robb [56]
Currently the oldest living presidential child
Mother of:
Lucinda Desha Robb (b. 1968)[56]
Catherine Lewis Robb (b. 1970)[56]
Jennifer Wickliffe Robb (b. 1978)[56]
Washington, D.C.
Lucy Baines Johnson [56] Nickname: Luci
born July 2, 1947
Patrick John Nugent
Mother of:
Patrick Lyndon Nugent (b. 1967)
Nicole Marie Nugent (b. 1970)
Rebekah Johnson Nugent (b. 1974)
Claudia Taylor Nugent (b. 1976)
Ian Johnstone Turpin
No children with Ian Turpin. One stepson: Stuart Leonard Turpin (born 1978)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Michael Gerald Ford
born March 14, 1950
Gayle Ann Brumbaugh
Father of:
Sarah Joyce Ford (b. 1979)
Rebekah Elizabeth Ford (b. 1982)
Hannah Gayle Ford (b. 1985)
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
John Gardner Ford Nickname: Jack
born March 16, 1952
Juliann Felando
Father of:
Christian Gerald Ford (b. 1997)
Jonathan August Ford (b. 1999)
Steven Meigs Ford
born May 19, 1956
No spouse
No children
Susan Elizabeth Ford
born July 6, 1957
Charles Vance
Mother of:
Tyne Mary Vance (b. 1980)
Heather Elizabeth Vance (b. 1983)
Washington, D.C.
Vaden Bales
No children with Vaden Bales
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
John William Carter Nickname: Jack
born July 3, 1947
Juliet “Judy” Langford
Father of:
Portsmouth, Virginia
Elizabeth Brasfield
Two stepchildren: John Chuldenko and Sarah Chuldenko Reynolds
James Earl Carter IIINickname: Chip, Jim III, and Jimmy Jr.
born April 12, 1950
Caron Griffin
Father of:
James Earl Carter IV (b. 1977)[57]
Honolulu, Hawaii
Ginger Hodges
Father of:
Margaret Alicia Carter (b. 1987)[57]
Becky Payne
No children with Becky Payne Carter
Donnel Jeffrey CarterNickname: Jeff
born August 18, 1952
Annette Jene Davis (1952–2021)
Father of:
Joshua Jeffrey Carter (b. 1984)[57]
Jeremy Davis Carter (1987–2015)
James Carlton Carter (b. 1991)[57]
New London, Connecticut
Amy Lynn Carter
born October 19, 1967
James Gregory Wentzel
Mother of:
Hugo James Wentzel (b. 1999)[57]
Plains, Georgia
John Joseph "Jay" Kelly
Mother of Errol Carter Kelly
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Maureen Elizabeth Reagan
January 4, 1941 – August 8, 2001
John Filippone
No children
Los Angeles, California
David Sills
No children
Dennis C. Revell
Mother of:
Margaret "Rita" Mirembe Revell (adopted). No biological children together.
Michael Edward Reagan (adopted)
born March 18, 1945
Pamela Gail Putnam
No children
Colleen Sterns
Father of:
Cameron Michael Reagan (b. 1978)
Ashley Marie Reagan (b. 1983)
Christine Reagan
June 26, 1947 – June 27, 1947
no spouse
Died shortly after birth
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
George Walker Bush 43rd president (2001–2009)
born July 6, 1946
Laura Lane Welch
46th governor of Texas (1995–2000) and 43rd president of the United States
see below at George W. and Laura Bush
New Haven, Connecticut
Pauline Robinson Bush Nickname: Robin
December 20, 1949 – October 11, 1953
no spouse
died of leukemia
Compton, California
John Ellis Bush Nickname: Jeb
born February 11, 1953
Columba Garnica Gallo
43rd governor of Florida (1999–2007)
Father of:
Midland, Texas
Neil Mallon Bush
born January 22, 1955
Sharon Smith
Father of:
Maria Manass Andrews
Three stepchildren from Maria A. Bush's first marriage:
Elizabeth Dwen "Lizzie" Andrews (born 1991)
Robert "Pace" Andrews II (born 1994)
Thomas Alexander "Alex" Andrews (born 2001)
Marvin Pierce Bush
born October 22, 1956
Margaret Conway Molster
Father of:
Marshall Lloyd Bush (b. 1986) (adopted)
Charles Walker Bush (b. 1989) (adopted)
Dorothy Walker Bush Nickname: Doro
born August 18, 1959
William LeBlond
Mother of:
Samuel Bush "Sam" LeBlond (b. 1984)
Nancy Ellis "Ellie" LeBlond (b. 1986)
Harris County, Texas
Robert P. Koch
Mother of:
Robert David Koch (b. 1993)
Georgia Grace "Gigi" Koch (b. 1996)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Chelsea Victoria Clinton
born February 27, 1980
Marc Mezvinsky
Mother of:
Charlotte Clinton Mezvinsky (b. 2014)
Aidan Clinton Mezvinsky (b. 2016)
Jasper Clinton Mezvinsky (b. 2019)
Little Rock, Arkansas
21st century
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Barbara Pierce Bush
born November 25, 1981
Craig Louis Coyne
Mother of:
Cora Georgia Coyne (b. 2021)
Dallas, Texas
Jenna Welch Bush
Henry Chase Hager
Mother of:
Margaret Laura "Mila" Hager (b. 2013)
Poppy Louise Hager (b. 2015)
Henry "Hal" Harold Hager (b. 2019)
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Malia Ann Obama
born July 4, 1998
Unmarried
Chicago, Illinois
Natasha Marian Obama Nickname: Sasha
born June 10, 2001
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Tiffany Ariana Trump
born October 13, 1993
Michael Boulos
No children
West Palm Beach, Florida
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Barron William Trump
born March 20, 2006
Unmarried
Youngest living child of any president.[58]
Manhattan, New York
Child
Lifetime
Spouse
Notes
Place of birth
Joseph Robinette Biden III Nickname: Beau
February 3, 1969 – May 30, 2015
Hallie Olivere
Attorney General of Delaware (2007–2015)
Father of:
Natalie Naomi Biden (b. 2004)
Robert Hunter Biden II (b. 2006)
Wilmington, Delaware
Robert Hunter Biden Nickname: Hunter
born February 4, 1970
Kathleen Buhle divorced
Father of:
Naomi King Biden (b. 1993)
Finnegan James Biden (b. 2000)
Roberta Mabel "Maisy" Biden (b. 2001)
Lunden Roberts
Father of:
Navy Joan Roberts (b. 2018)[59]
Melissa Cohen
Father of:
Joseph Robinette "Beau" Biden IV (b. 2020)
Naomi Christina BidenNickname: Amy
November 8, 1971 – December 18, 1972
no spouse
Died in a car accident with her mother
Living presidential children
As of July 2024, 33 presidential children are living. In order of their ages, they are:
Current first child
Name
Birth
President
Lynda Bird Johnson Robb
(1944-03-19 ) March 19, 1944 (age 80)
Lyndon B. Johnson
Michael Reagan
(1945-03-18 ) March 18, 1945 (age 79)
Ronald Reagan
Tricia Nixon Cox
(1946-02-21 ) February 21, 1946 (age 78)
Richard Nixon
George W. Bush
(1946-07-06 ) July 6, 1946 (age 77)
George H. W. Bush
Luci Baines Johnson
(1947-07-02 ) July 2, 1947 (age 77)
Lyndon B. Johnson
Jack Carter
(1947-07-03 ) July 3, 1947 (age 77)
Jimmy Carter
Julie Nixon Eisenhower
(1948-07-05 ) July 5, 1948 (age 75)
Richard Nixon
Michael Gerald Ford
(1950-03-14 ) March 14, 1950 (age 74)
Gerald Ford
James Earl Carter III
(1950-04-12 ) April 12, 1950 (age 74)
Jimmy Carter
John Gardner Ford
(1952-03-16 ) March 16, 1952 (age 72)
Gerald Ford
Jeff Carter
(1952-08-18 ) August 18, 1952 (age 71)
Jimmy Carter
Patti Davis
(1952-10-21 ) October 21, 1952 (age 71)
Ronald Reagan
Jeb Bush
(1953-02-11 ) February 11, 1953 (age 71)
George H. W. Bush
Neil Bush
(1955-01-22 ) January 22, 1955 (age 69)
Steven Ford
(1956-05-19 ) May 19, 1956 (age 68)
Gerald Ford
Marvin P. Bush
(1956-10-22 ) October 22, 1956 (age 67)
George H. W. Bush
Susan Ford Bales
(1957-07-06 ) July 6, 1957 (age 66)
Gerald Ford
Caroline Kennedy
(1957-11-27 ) November 27, 1957 (age 66)
John F. Kennedy
Ronald Prescott Reagan
(1958-05-20 ) May 20, 1958 (age 66)
Ronald Reagan
Dorothy Bush Koch
(1959-08-18 ) August 18, 1959 (age 64)
George H. W. Bush
Amy Carter
(1967-10-19 ) October 19, 1967 (age 56)
Jimmy Carter
Hunter Biden
(1970-02-04 ) February 4, 1970 (age 54)
Joe Biden
Donald Trump Jr.
(1977-12-31 ) December 31, 1977 (age 46)
Donald Trump
Chelsea Clinton
(1980-02-27 ) February 27, 1980 (age 44)
Bill Clinton
Ashley Biden
(1981-06-08 ) June 8, 1981 (age 43)
Joe Biden
Ivanka Trump
(1981-10-30 ) October 30, 1981 (age 42)
Donald Trump
Barbara Pierce Bush
(1981-11-25 ) November 25, 1981 (age 42)
George W. Bush
Jenna Bush Hager
Eric Trump
(1984-01-06 ) January 6, 1984 (age 40)
Donald Trump
Tiffany Trump
(1993-10-13 ) October 13, 1993 (age 30)
Malia Obama
(1998-07-04 ) July 4, 1998 (age 26)
Barack Obama
Sasha Obama
(2001-06-10 ) June 10, 2001 (age 23)
Barron Trump
(2006-03-20 ) March 20, 2006 (age 18)
Donald Trump
The most recent presidential child to die was Beau Biden , the eldest son of Joe Biden , who died on May 30, 2015, at the age of 46, before his father became president. The most recent presidential child to die who lived during their father's presidency was John Eisenhower , the only surviving son of Dwight D. Eisenhower , who died on December 21, 2013, at the age of 91. He was also the father-in-law of Julie Nixon Eisenhower , another presidential child.
See also
Notes
^ James Monroe wrote that his only son died on September 28, 1800. The date of September 28, 1801 that is said to appear on the James Spence Monroe gravestone in the St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia) churchyard is not contemporaneous to the child's death, the location of the actual grave remains unknown.[14]
^ He had a mistress, Eliza Dolph, who had a child, but it is unclear who the baby's father was.
^ John Donelson was not related to Rachel Donelson Jackson
^ Frances Parke Lewis was the step great-granddaughter of George Washington [19]
^ Clarissa Pike was the daughter of Zebulon Pike , who discovered Pike's Peak
^ William Henry Harrison Taylor was Anna Tuthill Harrison's cousin
^ Some sources spell this name as Octavia Pannill Taylor.[32]
^ Octavia's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever."[33]
^ Margaret's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever."[33]
References
^ See, e.g., Angelo, First Families .
^ See, e.g., Zwicker, "America's Royalty", Presidential Studies Quarterly .
^ Abramson, Jill (March 4, 2022). "Did George Washington Have an Enslaved Son?" . The New Yorker .
^ "Founders Online: To George Washington from Thomas Posey, 20 November 1791" .
^ Posey, John Thornton (December 27, 1990). "Governor Thomas Posey: The Son of George Washington?" . Indiana Magazine of History . 86 (1): 28–49. JSTOR 27791352 .
^ "Thomas Jefferson's Family" . Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters (Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series) . Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 3, 2018 .
^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children . Greenwood Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 9780313295355 .
^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children . Greenwood Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9780313295355 .
^ a b "Lucy Jefferson (1782 – 1784)" . monticello.org . Thomas Jefferson Foundation . Retrieved January 14, 2018 .
^ "Dolley Madison" . Biography . April 23, 2021.
^ Letter, April 10, 1788, James Monroe (Richmond, Virginia) to Thomas Jefferson (Paris)The Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.: "...I think I mention'd to you in my last Mrs. M[onroe] had made us happy by giving us a daughter who is now 16 months old an[d] begins to talk..."
^ February 3, 1840, The Observer (London, England), page 1: "BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS...DIED... [January] 27th, at her residence in the Champs Elysees, Paris , Mrs. Elizabeth K. M. Hay, relict of the late George Hay, Esq., of Virginia, and daughter of the late James Monroe, Esq., formerly President of the United States of America."
^ a b Monroe, James. "James Spence Monroe" . The Papers of James Monroe . University of Mary Washington . Retrieved February 2, 2018 . An unhappy event has occurr'd which has overwhelmed us with grief. At ten last night our beloved babe departed this life after several days sickness
^ Stuart, Leibiger, ed. (2012). A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118281437 .
^ Roberts, Cokie (2008). Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation . Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060782344 .
^ "Louisa Catherine Adams: A Father Reflects on the Death of his Infant Daughter" . Massachusetts Historical Society . Retrieved February 2, 2018 . ...had been unwell for weeks. She experienced extreme discomfort due to teething (in his diary, JQA stated she was cutting seven teeth at the same time), had dysentery, and was feverish.
^ "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams" . National First Ladies' Library . Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2018 .
^ "Children | Andrew Jackson's Adopted Family" . The Hermitage . Retrieved February 22, 2018 .
^ Plater, David D. (2015). The Butlers of Iberville Parish, Louisiana: Dunboyne Plantation in the 1800s . LSU Press . pp. 20–21. ISBN 9780807161296 .
^ [1] Archived October 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine , firstladies.org
^ a b c Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p. 338 . ISBN 9780743446310 .
^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children . Greenwood Publishing. p. 338. ISBN 9780743446334 .
^ a b c Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p. 339 . ISBN 9780743446310 .
^ Family Search (subscription required)
^ Janken, Kenneth Robert (2003). Walter White: Mr. NAACP . UNC Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0807857809 .
^ "John Tyler: Most Children" . July 31, 2013.
^ "Marriage record of daughter listing Alice as mother" . FamilySearch .
^ Forever Free: Abraham Lincoln's Journey to Emancipation at library.buffalo.edu/exhibits/ForeverFree/index.htm
^ "A nation at a crossroads gets a new beginning" .
^ a b c "Margaret Taylor Biography :: National First Ladies' Library" . www.firstladies.org . Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2018 .
^ Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p. 342 . ISBN 9780743446310 .
^ Bauer, K. Jack (1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest . LSU Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780807118511 .
^ a b Bauer (August 1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwes . LSU Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780807118511 .
^ "Millard Powers Fillmore Dead" . The New York Times . November 16, 1889.
^ Davenport, Don (2001). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois . Big Earth Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 9781931599054 .
^ Emerson, Jason. Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012, P. 478.
^ "Abraham Lincoln and Chicago (Abraham Lincoln's Classroom)" . The Lincoln Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2012 .
^ "The Lincoln Boys" . Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012 .
^ * Speer, W.S. (1888). "David T. Patterson". Sketches of prominent Tennesseans: Containing biographies and records of many of the families who have attained prominence in Tennessee . Nashville: A. B. Tavel. pp. 531–533. LCCN 08019465 . OCLC 4252171 . OL 6998321M .
^ Gould, Lewis L. (February 4, 2014). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy . Routledge. ISBN 9781135311483 .
^ "Manning Force Hayes" . Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums . Retrieved November 29, 2022 .
^ Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p. 348 . ISBN 9780743446310 .
^ "Mary "Mollie" Garfield (U.S. National Park Service)" .
^ a b Kendall, Joshua (2016). First Dads: Parenting and Politics from George Washington to Barack Obama . Grand Central Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 9781455551965 .
^ a b Sibley, Katherine A.S., ed. (2016). A Companion to First Ladies . John Wiley & Sons. p. 269. ISBN 9781118732243 .
^ Matthew Yglesias (January 15, 2010). "Historic Sex Scandals" . ThinkProgress. Retrieved July 2, 2014 .
^ a b Serratore, Angela (September 26, 2013). "President Cleveland's Problem Child" . smithsonianmag.com . Smithsonian /The Smithsonian . Retrieved October 11, 2016 .
^ Lachman, Charles (2011). A Secret Life: The Sex, Lies, and Scandals of President Grover Cleveland . Skyhorse Publishing. p. 202. ISBN 9781616082758 .
^ "Join Ancestry®" . Ancestry.com .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Roosevelt Genealogy" . fdrlibrary.marist.edu . Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2016 .
^ "DNA Is Said to Solve a Mystery of Warren Harding's Love Life" . The New York Times . August 13, 2015.
^ Cameron Hawley, "The Honored Name I Bear?", Life , October 11, 1954
^ "Hoover Genealogy – Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)" .
^ "Herbert Clark Hoover (1903 – 1969)" . Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State . Retrieved August 25, 2010 .
^ "David Boynton Roosevelt (1942-2022)" . Retrieved December 12, 2023 .
^ a b c d e f Doug Wead (2003). All the Presidents' All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's Families . Simon & Schuster. p. 359. ISBN 978-0743446310 .
^ a b c d e f "The Carter Family" . jimmycarter.info . March 24, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2023 .
^ Haberman, Maggie (November 20, 2016). "Melania and Barron Trump Won't Immediately Move to White House" . The New York Times . Retrieved November 21, 2016 .
^ Bostock, Bill (September 21, 2019). "A mother who claims Hunter Biden fathered her child went public with a DNA test because he stopped paying child support, lawyers say" . Business Insider . Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022 .
Sources
Bonnie Angelo, First Families: The Impact of the White House on Their Lives , ISBN 0-06-056356-7
William A. Degregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Wings Books, 1991
Doug Wead, All the President's Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families , Atria Books, New York, 2003, ISBN 0-7434-4631-3
Further reading
Larry D. Underwood. All the President's Children , Dageford Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-886225-85-0 (a children's book)
Quinn-Musgrove, Sandra L. and Kanter, Sanford, America's Royalty: All the President's Children , Olympic Marketing, ISBN 0-313-23645-3
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