This is a list of battles of the Great Northern War (1700–1721).
By 1700, the Swedish Empire was the dominant power in Northern Europe, controlling territory from Norway to modern-day St Petersburg. But in this war, it was attacked from all sides by several countries: Denmark–Norway to the west, the Tsardom of Russia in the east, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to the southeast, and the Electorate of Saxony to the south. The countries formed a coalition against Sweden and surprise attacked from all sides. By 1721, Sweden had been forced to sign a very disadvantageous peace,[1] giving up Swedish Livonia and losing all their power.[2][3][4]
This list shows the list of the military engagements using the Julian calendar, Swedish calendar and the Gregorian calendar.
References
- ^ Ништадтский мирный договор между Россией и Швецией (Text in Russian)
- ^ "The Great Northern War, 1700–21".
- ^ Great Northern War, A History from Beginning to End,
- ^ Ragsdale, Hugh; V. N. Ponomarev (1993). Imperial Russian foreign policy. Cambridge University Press. p. 42.
- ^ Eckardt Opitz: Vielerlei Ursachen, eindeutige Ergebnisse – Das Ringen um die Vormacht im Ostseeraum im Großen Nordischen Krieg 1700–1721. In: Bernd Wegner in Verbindung mit Ernst Willi Hansen, Kerstin Rehwinkel und Matthias Reiss (Hrsg.): Wie Kriege entstehen. Zum historischen Hintergrund von Staatenkonflikten. Paderborn 2000, S. 89–107, hier: S. 90–94.
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