List of asteroid close approaches to Earth
Trajectory of 2004 FH in the Earth–Moon system Goldstone radar images of asteroid 2007 PA8 This is a list of examples where an asteroid or meteoroid travels close to the Earth. Some are regarded as potentially hazardous objects if they are estimated to be large enough to cause regional devastation.
Near-Earth object detection technology began to improve around 1998, so objects being detected as of 2004 could have been missed only a decade earlier due to a lack of dedicated near-Earth astronomical surveys . As sky surveys improve, smaller and smaller asteroids are regularly being discovered. The small near-Earth asteroids 2008 TC3 2014 AA , 2018 LA , 2019 MO , 2022 EB5 , 2022 WJ1 , 2023 CX1 , 2024 BX1 , 2024 RW1 , 2024 UQ , and 2024 XA1 are the only elevem asteroids discovered before impacting into Earth (see asteroid impact prediction ). Scientists estimate that several dozen asteroids in the 6–12 m (20–39 ft) size range fly by Earth at a distance closer than the moon every year , but only a fraction of these are actually detected.[ 1] [ 2] List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2023 .
Timeline of approaches within one lunar distance
The average distance to the Moon (or lunar distance (LD) ) is about 384,400 km (238,900 mi), which is around 30 times the diameter of the Earth.[ 3] near-Earth asteroids and NEO Earth Close Approaches .)
Closest per year
Satellites in geostationary orbit From the list in the first section, these are the closest known asteroids per year that approach Earth within one lunar distance . More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its geocentric distance[ note 1] geostationary orbit has an altitude of about 36,000 km (22,000 mi), then its geocentric distance is 0.11 LD (approximately three times the width of the Earth).
The table shows that the years 2016 and 2017 had a total of 13 such close encounters that are known. Of these, eight were undetected until after they'd happened and only one was detected with more than 24 hours' notice. 2018 has fared better so far, with six out of the eight known close encounters being detected beforehand, albeit with less than 24 hours' notice in most cases.
This list does not include any of the hundreds of objects that collided with Earth which were not discovered in advance but were recorded by sensors designed to detect detonation of nuclear devices. Of the objects so detected, 78 had an impact energy greater than that of a 1-kiloton device (equivalent to 1,000 tons of TNT), including 11 which had an impact energy greater than that of a 10-kiloton device, i.e. comparable to the atomic bombs detonated on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the Second World War .[ 4]
Rows highlighted red indicate objects which were not discovered until after closest approach
Rows highlighted yellow indicate objects discovered less than 24 hours before closest approach
Rows left white indicate objects discovered 1–7 days before closest approach
Rows highlighted green indicate objects discovered more than one week before closest approach
Rows highlighted blue indicate objects discovered more than one year before closest approach, i.e. objects successfully cataloged on a previous orbit, rather than being detected during final approach.
Year
Date of
Date
Object
Nominalkm )
NominalLD )
Size of objectmeters )
(H )
Ref
2095
2095-09-06
2010-09-05
2010 RF12 39.1
0.10
7
28.4
JPL · CAD
2034
2034-05-06
2014-04-29
2014 HB177 88.9
0.23
6–14
28.1
JPL · CAD
2032
2032-08-14
2008-02-18
2008 DB 125.0
0.32
19–43
25.7
JPL · CAD
2029
2029-04-13
2004-06-19
99942 Apophis 38.0
0.10
310–340
19.7
JPL · CAD
2028
2028-06-26
2001-11-20
(153814) 2001 WN5 248.7
0.65
610–1400
18.2
JPL · CAD
2023
2023-07-13
2023-07-15
2023 NT1 100
0.26
26–59
23.8
JPL · CAD
2022
2022-03-11
2022-03-11
2022 EB5 5.0(Impact)
0.0130(Impact)
1.3-3.0
31.4
JPL · CAD
2022-03-25
2022-03-25
2022 FD1 14.8
0.022
2-4
31
JPL · CAD
2021
2021-02-09
2021-02-09
2021 CZ3 22.7
0.06
1.7–3.9
30.9
JPL · CAD
2020
2020-11-13
2020-11-14
2020 VT4 9.3
0.02
4.8–11
28.7
JPL · CAD
2020-09-24
2020-09-18
2020 SW 28
0.07
4.3–9.7
28.9
JPL · CAD
2020-08-16
2020-08-16
2020 QG 9.3
0.02
2.9–6.4
29.8
JPL · CAD
2020-05-04
2020-05-04
2020 JJ 13.5
0.03
2.7–6
30
JPL · CAD
2020-02-01
2020-02-01
2020 CW 15.7
0.04
0.83–1.9
32.6
JPL · CAD
2019
2019-10-31
2019-10-31
2019 UN13 12.6
0.033
1.0–2.2
32.1
JPL · CAD
2019-04-04
2020-02-15
2020 CD3 13.1
0.034
1.9–3.5
31.7
JPL · CAD
2019-01-08
2018-01-08
2019 AS5 15.1
0.039
0.7–2.5
32.3
JPL · CAD
2019-03-01
2019-03-01
2019 EH1 23.5
0.061
2–6
30.1
JPL · CAD
2019-03-04
2019-03-05
C09Q4H2
26.6
0.069[ note 2]
1–3
31.9
Pseudo-MPEC CNEOS Distance (T)
2019-01-17
2019-01-16
P10LGkb
33.7
0.088[ note 3]
1–3
31.6
Pseudo-MPEC CNEOS Distance (H) (T)
2019-09-05
2019-09-06
2019 RP1 37
0.10
7.3–16
27.8
JPL · CAD
2018
2018-06-02 2018-06-02 2018 LA 5.0(Impact)
0.0130(Impact)
2–4 30.5 JPL · CAD
2018-10-19
2018-10-19
2018 UA 13.7
0.036
2–6
30.2
JPL · CAD
2018-01-22
2018-01-22(Unconfirmed)
A106fgF 20?
0.03?
2–5
30.6
—
2018-06-17
2018-06-17(Unconfirmed)
A107j4p
30.8
0.080
4–11
28.9
—
2018-11-16
2018-11-17
2018 WG 30.9
0.080
3–10
29.3
JPL · CAD
2018-12-02
2018-11-29
2018 WV1 33.0
0.086
4
30.2
JPL · CAD
2018-08-10
2018-08-11
2018 PD20 33.5
0.087
7–22
27.4
JPL · CAD
2018-01-18
2018-01-18
2018 BD 39.2
0.10
2–6
30.2
JPL · CAD
2017
2017-04-04
2017-04-03
2017 GM 16.3
0.042
2–7
29.9
JPL · CAD
2017-10-20
2017-10-21
2017 UJ2 18.0
0.047
1–5
30.8
JPL · CAD
2017-10-22
2017-10-30(Unconfirmed)
YU95BEF
19.4
0.051
5–15
28.2
—
2017-03-02
2017-03-02
2017 EA 20.9
0.054
1–5
30.7
JPL · CAD
2017-11-26
2017-11-26
2017 WE30 30.1
0.078
1–3
31.8
JPL · CAD
2017-11-14
2017-11-20(Unconfirmed)
P10ELNY
31.7
0.083
4–12
28.8
—
2017-11-08
2017-11-16(Unconfirmed)
A104Vqx
33.2
0.086
4–14
28.4
—
2016
2016-02-25
2016-02-26
2016 DY30 14.3
0.04
2–5
30.5
JPL · CAD
2016-09-11
2016-09-11
2016 RN41 23.7
0.06
1–5
31.0
JPL · CAD
2016-01-12
2016-01-13
2016 AH164 26.7
0.07
3–7
29.6
JPL · CAD
2016-03-11
2016-03-15
2016 EF195 [ 5] 31.7
0.08
16–31
25.6
JPL · CAD
2016-11-05
2016-11-14(Unconfirmed)
XV88D4F
36.7
0.09
2–7
30.0[ 6]
—
2016-01-14
2016-01-14
2016 AN164 37.0
0.10
2–5
30.5
JPL · CAD
2015
2015-09-22
2015-09-24
2015 SK7 26.6
0.07
3–14
28.9
JPL · CAD
2015-11-15
2015-11-14
2015 VY105 34.6
0.09
4–9
29.0
JPL · CAD
2015-02-17
2015-02-18
2015 DD1 39.3
0.10
1–3
30.4
JPL · CAD
2014
2014-01-02 2014-01-01 2014 AA 0.45[ 7] [ 8] (Impact)
0.001(Impact)
2–4 30.9 JPL · CAD
2014-06-03
2014-06-02
2014 LY21 16.7
0.04
4–8
29.1
JPL · CAD
2014-09-07
2014-09-01
2014 RC 39.9
0.10
12–25
26.8
JPL · CAD
2013
2013-12-23
2013-12-23
2013 YB 27.3
0.07
3
31.4
JPL · CAD
2013-02-15
2012-02-23
367943 Duende 34.1
0.09
30
24.0
JPL · CAD
2012
2012-05-29
2012-05-28
2012 KT42 20.8
0.05
9
29.0
JPL · CAD
2011
2011-02-04
2011-02-04
2011 CQ1 [ 9] 11.9
0.03
1
32.1
JPL · CAD
2011-06-27
2011-06-22
2011 MD 18.7
0.05
14
28.0
JPL · CAD
2011-02-06
2011-02-07
2011 CF22 40.2
0.10
2.4
30.9
JPL · CAD
2010
2010-11-17
2010-11-16
2010 WA 38.9
0.10
2–6
30.0
JPL · CAD
2009
2009-11-06
2009-11-06
2009 VA 20.4
0.05
4–13
28.6
JPL · CAD
2008
2008-10-07 2008-10-06 2008 TC3 5.9(Impact)
0.0152(Impact)
4.1 30.4 JPL · CAD
2008-10-09
2008-10-09
2008 TS26 12.6
0.03
0.5-1.6
33.2
JPL · CAD
2008-10-20
2008-10-21
2008 US 32.9
0.09
1–4
31.4
JPL · CAD
2007
2007-10-17
2007-10-21
2007 UN12 69.7
0.18
4–11
28.7
JPL · CAD
2006
2006-02-23
2006-02-22
2006 DD1 117.5
0.31
12–30
26.5
JPL · CAD
2005
2005-11-26
2005-11-25
2005 WN3 83.8
0.22
3–6
29.9
JPL · CAD
2004
2004-03-31
2004-03-31
2004 FU162 12.9
0.03
4–12
28.7
JPL · CAD
2003
2003-09-27
2003-09-28
2003 SQ222 84.2
0.22
2–6
30.1
JPL · CAD
2002
2002-12-11
2002-12-13
2002 XV90 117.7
0.31
19–47
25.5
JPL · CAD
2001
2001-01-15
2001-01-19
2001 BA16 79.0
0.21
15–38
26.0
JPL · CAD
1999
1999-03-12
2013
2013 EC20 315.4
0.82
3–12
29.0
JPL · CAD
1994
1994-12-09
1994-12-09
1994 XM1 105.5
0.27
5–16
28.2
JPL · CAD
1993
1993-05-20
1993-05-21
1993 KA2 149.2
0.39
3–11
29.0
JPL · CAD
1991
1991-01-18
1991-01-18
1991 BA 168.2
0.44
4–13
28.6
JPL · CAD
1990
1990-09-19
2003
2003 SW130 213.9
0.56
3–10
29.1
JPL · CAD
1984
1984-01-10
2016
2016 TB57 294.8
0.77
13–43
26.0
JPL · CAD
1982
1982-11-04
2012
2012 TY52 314.4
0.82
111–358
21.2
JPL · CAD
1979
1979-09-02
2014
2014 WX202 334.3
0.87
3–8
29.6
JPL · CAD
1976
1976-10-17
2013
2013 UG1 328.1
0.85
70–226
22.4
JPL · CAD
1971
1971-04-11
2002
(612358) 2002 JE9 237.0
0.62
122–393
21.2
JPL · CAD
1965
1965-10-27
2005
2005 VL1 289.2
0.75
10–33
26.6
JPL · CAD
1959
1959-01-27
2012
2012 BX34 203.4
0.53
6–21
27.6
JPL · CAD
1957
1957-12-10
2010
2010 XW58 60.8
0.16
22–71
24.9
JPL · CAD
1955
1955-06-19
2015
2015 LR21 225.6
0.59
11–34
26.5
JPL · CAD
1954
1954-03-13
2013
2013 RZ53 102.7
0.27
1–4
31.1
JPL · CAD
1949
1949-01-01
2003
2003 YS70 259.6
0.68
3–10
29.1
JPL · CAD
1938
1938-11-02
2018
2018 RW 105.0
0.27
2-5
30.3
JPL · CAD
1936
1936-01-06
2010
2010 VB1 212.6
0.55
61–140
23.2
JPL · CAD
1935
1935-03-08
2015
2015 DD54 182.8
0.48
18–57
25.4
JPL · CAD
1925
1925-03-29
2012
2012 FT35 39.3
0.10
4-9
29.2
JPL · CAD
1922
1922-06-07
2017
2017 LD 18.2
0.047
11
27.5
JPL · CAD
1918
1918-09-17
2011
(458732) 2011 MD5 350.1
0.91
556–1795
17.9
JPL · CAD
1914
1914-12-31
1998
(152680) 1998 KJ9 232.9
0.61
279–900
19.4
JPL · CAD
1910
1910-05-09
2007
2007 JB21 288.7
0.75
18–57
25.4
JPL · CAD
A notable case is the relatively large asteroid Duende , which was predicted nearly a year in advance, coincidentally approaching just a few hours after the unrelated Chelyabinsk meteor, which was unpredicted, but injured thousands of people when it impacted.
Largest per year
From the lists in the first section, these are the largest known asteroids per year that approach Earth within one LD. (More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its size is 100 m [330 ft] or more.) For comparison, the 1908 Tunguska event was caused by an object about 60–190 m (200–620 ft) in size, while the 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor , which injured thousands of people and damaged buildings when it generated a large airburst over Russia, was estimated to be just 20 m (66 ft) across.
The table shows about 14 events in the decades 1900–2020 involving a body with an upper size estimate of 100 m (330 ft) or more making a close approach to Earth within one LD, with one (the Tunguska object) making impact.
Trajectory of the relatively large 2005 YU55 Earth and the Moon on 8–9 Nov 2011 The year 2011 was notable as two asteroids with size 100 m (330 ft) or more approached within one lunar distance.
Fastest per year
The average near-Earth asteroid, such as 2019 VF5 , passes Earth at 18 km/s. The average short-period comet passes Earth at 30 km/s, and the average long-period comet passes Earth at 53 km/s.[ 10] Oort cloud comet (e=1, i=180°) could pass Earth at 72 km/s when 1 AU from the Sun.
Fastest asteroid within 1 LD for each yeareccentric orbits)
Date of
Object
EarthLD )
SunAU )
Velocity
Velocity
Approx.m )
(H )
References
2022-12-23
2022 YW6 0.55
0.983
29.8
38.1
4.8–11
28.7
JPL Horizons
2021-10-27
2021 UA7 0.33
0.994
27.7
37.0
4.7–11
28.8
JPL Horizons
2020-03-14
2020 FD2 0.85
0.995
33.4
38.6
19–43
25.7
JPL Horizons
2019-03-28
2019 FC1 0.27
0.998
25.9
37.1
20–45
25.6
JPL Horizons
2018-04-15
2018 GE3 0.50
1.003
29.6
35.9
46–100
23.8
JPL Horizons
2017-08-14
2017 QP1 0.16
1.013
24.0
33.4
37–83
24.3
JPL Horizons
2016-03-08
2016 EV28 0.40
0.993
25.6
36.6
5.3–12
28.5
JPL Horizons
2015-03-12
2015 EO6 0.29
0.994
23.8
37.5
2.4–5.4
30.2
JPL Horizons
Slowest asteroids passing within 1 LD of Earth
Date of
Object
EarthLD )
SunAU )
Velocity
Velocity
Approx.m )
(H )
References
2007-03-25
2006 RH120 0.92
0.997
1.37
31.1
3.3–7.5
29.5
JPL Horizons
2018-10-26
2020 CD3 0.84
0.994
1.45
31.3
1.2–2.7
31.7
JPL Horizons
2014-12-07
2014 WX202 0.98
0.985
1.67
30.6
3.2–7.1
29.6
JPL Horizons
Passed by outside atmosphere
Objects with distances greater than 100 km (62 mi) are listed here, although there is no discrete beginning of space.
Asteroids smaller than about 50 m (160 ft).[ 11]
2020 QG —Closest asteroid flyby not to hit Earth, at 2,900 km (1,800 mi); closest approach on 16 August 2020.[ 12] [ 13]
NominalAU )
Nominal
Size (m)
Date of
Object
Ref
0.000079
11,900
1
February 4, 2011
2011 CQ1 JPL · CAD
0.000084
12,500
1
October 9, 2008
2008 TS26 JPL · CAD
0.000086
12,900
6
March 31, 2004
2004 FU162 JPL · CAD
0.000088
13,100
1.9–3.5
April 4, 2019
2020 CD3 JPL · CAD
0.000125
18,700
10
June 27, 2011
2011 MD [ 14] JPL · CAD
0.000137
20,400
7
November 6, 2009
2009 VA JPL · CAD
0.000139
20,800
4–10
May 29, 2012
2012 KT42 JPL · CAD
0.000177
26,500
3–14
September 22, 2015
2015 SK7 JPL · CAD
0.00018
27,000
3
December 23, 2013
2013 YB JPL · CAD
0.000221
33,000
4
December 2, 2018
2018 WV1 JPL · CAD
0.000227
33,900
5
December 19, 2004
2004 YD5 JPL · CAD
0.000228
34,100
40×20[ 15]
February 15, 2013
367943 Duende [ 16] JPL · CAD
0.000260
38,900
3
November 17, 2010
2010 WA JPL · CAD
0.000262
39,300
1–3
February 17, 2015
2015 DD1 JPL · CAD
0.000267
39,900
12–25
September 7, 2014
2014 RC JPL · CAD
0.000269
40,200
2.4
February 6, 2011
2011 CF22 JPL · CAD
0.000328
49,100
30
March 18, 2004
2004 FH JPL · CAD
0.000346
51,800
5–10
October 12, 2010
2010 TD54 JPL · CAD
0.000383
57,300
25
May 28, 2012
2012 KP24 [ 17] JPL · CAD
0.000437
65,400
8
January 27, 2012
2012 BX34 JPL · CAD
0.000482
72,100
9
September 8, 2010
2010 RK53 JPL · CAD
0.000483
72,200
19
March 2, 2009
2009 DD45 JPL · CAD
0.000484
72,400
2–7
December 11, 2013
2013 XS21 JPL · CAD
0.000531
79,400
7
September 8, 2010
2010 RF12 JPL · CAD
0.000564
84,300
5
September 27, 2003
2003 SQ222 JPL · CAD
0.000568
85,000
15
March 18, 2009
2009 FH JPL · CAD
0.000635
95,000
17
October 12, 2012
2012 TC4 JPL · CAD
0.000704
105,400
10
December 9, 1994
1994 XM1 [ 18] JPL · CAD
0.000856
128,000
2
October 13, 2015
2015 TC25 JPL · CAD
0.000862
129,000
15–30
January 13, 2010
2010 AL30 JPL · CAD
0.000998
149,200
7
May 20, 1993
1993 KA2 [ 18] JPL · CAD
0.001124
168,200
6–10
January 18, 1991
1991 BA JPL · CAD
0.001539
230,200
47
April 1, 2012
2012 EG5 JPL · CAD
0.001655
247,600
12
September 8, 2010
2010 RX30 JPL · CAD
0.002454
367,100
10–17
March 4, 2013
2013 EC JPL · CAD
0.00257
384,400
average distance to the Moon [ 3]
0.002899
433,600
22
April 9, 2010
2010 GA6 JPL · CAD
Goldstone radar image of asteroid 2005 YU55 Asteroids larger than about 50 m (160 ft).[ 11] [ 19]
NominalAU )
Nominal
Size (m)
Date of
Object
Ref
0.000521
78,000
57–130
July 25, 2019
2019 OK JPL · CAD
0.000802
120,000
73
June 14, 2002
2002 MN JPL · CAD
0.00155*
233,000
500
December 31, 1914
(152680) 1998 KJ9 JPL · CAD
0.00159*
239,000
200
April 11, 1971
(612358) 2002 JE9 JPL · CAD
0.00210*
314,000
200
November 4, 1982
2012 TY52 JPL · CAD
0.002172
324,900
360
November 8, 2011
(308635) 2005 YU55 JPL · CAD
0.00219*
328,000
150
October 17, 1976
2013 UG1 JPL · CAD
0.0022**
329,000
100
April 8, 1991
2012 UE34 JPL · CAD
0.0023*
340,000
730
August 30, 1925
(163132) 2002 CU11 JPL · CAD
0.0023
340,000
100
December 3, 2011
2011 XC2 JPL · CAD
0.00257
384,400
average distance to the Moon [ 3]
<0.00266*
<398,000
100
January 6, 1936
2010 VB1 JPL · CAD
0.002891
432,400
500
July 3, 2006
(612901) 2004 XP14 JPL · CAD
0.003704
554,200
250
January 29, 2008
2007 TU24 JPL · CAD
0.004241*
634,500
300
April 26, 1942
69230 Hermes JPL · CAD
0.004572
684,000
300
March 22, 1989
4581 Asclepius JPL · CAD
0.004950
740,500
300
October 30, 1937
69230 Hermes JPL · CAD
0.0062*
930,000
200
December 27, 1976
2010 XC15 JPL · CAD
0.00836
1,251,000
325
June 8, 2014
2014 HQ124 JPL · CAD
0.0093*
1,390,000
5000
August 27, 1969
(192642) 1999 RD32 JPL · CAD
0.0124855
1,867,800
400
December 16, 2001
(33342) 1998 WT24 JPL · CAD
0.036415
5,447,600
1000
June 14, 2012
2012 LZ1 JPL · CAD
0.043294
6,476,600
1600
November 5, 2012
(214869) 2007 PA8 [ 20] JPL · CAD
0.046332
6,900,000
5400
December 12, 2012
4179 Toutatis [ 21] JPL · CAD
Asteroids with large uncertainty regions are not included.
* Asteroid approach did not occur during an observed apparition. Passage is calculated by integrating the equations of motion .
** Only the nominal (best-fit ) orbit shows a passage this close. The uncertainty region is still somewhat large due to a short observation arc.
Predicted encounters
Incomplete list of asteroids larger than about 50 m (160 ft) predicted to pass close to Earth (see also asteroid impact prediction and Sentry (monitoring system) ):[ 19] [ 22]
NominalAU )
Nominal
Size (m)
Date of
Object
JPL-Ref
0.000256
38,300
325
April 13, 2029
99942 Apophis JPL · CAD
0.000670
100,200
75–170
October 19, 2129
2007 UW1 JPL · CAD
0.000721
107,800
50–120
April 8, 2041
2012 UE34 JPL · CAD
0.001572
235,200
170–370
January 2, 2101
(456938) 2007 YV56 JPL · CAD
0.001585
237,000
360±40
November 8, 2075
(308635) 2005 YU55 JPL · CAD
0.001629
243,700
370–840
December 1, 2140
(153201) 2000 WO107 JPL · CAD
0.001635**
244,600
190–420
October 25, 2077
(549948) 2011 WL2 JPL · CAD
0.001663
248,800
700–1500
June 26, 2028
(153814) 2001 WN5 JPL · CAD
0.001980
296,200
170–370
January 22, 2148
(85640) 1998 OX4 JPL · CAD
0.002222
332,500
190–250
May 28, 2065
2005 WY55 JPL · CAD
0.002241
335,200
75–170
March 23, 2146
2009 DO111 JPL · CAD
0.00257
384,400
for comparison, this is the average distance to the Moon [ 3]
A list of predicted NEO approaches at larger distances is maintained as a database by the NASA Near Earth Object Program.[ 23]
** Only the nominal (best-fit ) orbit shows a passage this close. The uncertainty region is still somewhat large due to a short observation arc.
Earth-grazers
All-sky photo with the Earth-grazing meteoroid of 13 October 1990 (the light track across the picture going from the south to the north) taken at Červená hora (Czechoslovakia ), one of the stations of the European Fireball Network . The bright track on the left is the Moon . Objects which enter and then leave Earth's atmosphere , the so-called Earth-grazers , are a distinct phenomenon, inasmuch as entering the lower atmosphere can constitute an impact event rather than a close pass. Earth-grazer can also be short for a body that "grazes" the orbit of the Earth, in a different context.
Altitude
Size (m)
Mass (kg)
Date of
Object
Note
Ref.
0
mean sea level
8.8
Mount Everest (height)
58
5
105 –106
August 10, 1972
1972 Great Daylight Fireball above the United States and CanadaFirst scientifically observed
[ 24]
71.4
100
March 29, 2006
2006 Earth-grazing Fireball above Japan
[ 25]
98.7
44
October 13, 1990
1990 Earth-grazing Fireball above Czechoslovakia and PolandFirst captured from 2 distant locations, which enabled computing its orbit by geometrical methods
[ 26]
August 7, 2007
2007 Earth-grazing Fireball
Its pre-encounter orbit belonged to the rare Aten type
[ 27]
100
Kármán line
Animations
Animation of the
2015 TB145 (
NEO ) flyby, as seen from the center of the
Earth , with hourly trace circles along the path of motion
Overview
Diagram showing spacecraft and notable asteroids (past and future) between the Earth and the Moon.
Plot of orbits of known Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (size over 140 m [460 ft] and passing within 7.6 million km [4.7 million mi] of Earth's orbit) as of early 2013 (alternate image )
Notes
^ Distance from the center of Earth to the center of the object. See the NASA /JPL Solar System Dynamics Glossary: Geocentric Archived 2013-02-14 at the Wayback Machine . Earth has a radius of approximately 6,400 km.
^ the asteroid is unconfirmed and will likely never receive a provisional designation.
^ Distance error: 0.000420 AU, approach range: 0.016 to 0.25 LD. There was a roughly 2% chance of impact. The asteroid is most likely between 1 and 14 meters across, so would probably be detectable. The asteroid is unconfirmed and will likely never receive a provisional designation.
References
^ "Responding to Potential Asteroid Redirect Mission Targets" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory Archived from the original on 2014-02-26. Retrieved 2014-02-21 .^ Chang, Kenneth (June 14, 2018). "Asteroids and Adversaries: Challenging What NASA Knows About Space Rocks - Relevant Comments" . The New York Times Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018 . ^ a b c d NASA Staff (10 May 2011). "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures" . NASA. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2011 . ^ "Fireballs" . Archived from the original on 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2018-07-23 .^ "Small asteroid detected 4 days after passing as close as satellites" . 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-04-22. Retrieved 2016-04-21 .^ With an arc of 1.5 hours and 6 observations, there is a roughly 40% chance it passed further than 0.1 LD, with a maximum distance of 0.13 LD.
^ Farnocchia, Davide; Chesley, Steven R.; Brown, Peter G.; Chodas, Paul W. (1 August 2016). "The trajectory and atmospheric impact of asteroid 2014 AA". Icarus 274 : 327– 333. Bibcode :2016Icar..274..327F . doi :10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.056 . ^ de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R.; Mialle, P. (13 October 2016). "Homing in for New Year: impact parameters and pre-impact orbital evolution of meteoroid 2014 AA". Astrophysics and Space Science 361 (11): 358 (33 pp.). arXiv :1610.01055 Bibcode :2016Ap&SS.361..358D . doi :10.1007/s10509-016-2945-3 . S2CID 119251345 . ^ Yeomans, Don; Chodas, Paul (4 February 2011). "Very Small Asteroid Makes Close Earth Approach on February 4, 2011" . Near-Earth Object Program Office . NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2013 . ^ "Impact Cratering Mechanics" . Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). Retrieved 2011-09-16 .^ a b "Closest Approaches to the Earth by Minor Planets" . International Astronomical Union/Minor Planet Center . Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013 .^ MPEC 2020-Q51 : 2020 QG , Minor Planet Center, https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20Q51.html , 17 August 2020, accessed 17 August 2020.^ Newly-discovered asteroid ZTF0DxQ passed less than 1/4 Earth diameter yesterday, making it the closest-known flyby that didn't hit our planet. , Tony Dunn, 17 August 2020.^ Benner, Lance A. M. "2011 MD Goldstone Radar Observations Planning" . Asteroid Radar Research . JPL/California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013 . ^ Benner, Lance A. M. "2012 DA14 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning" . Asteroid Radar Research . JPL/California Institute of Technology . Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2013 . ^ "NEOs Removed from Impact Risk Tables" . Near-Earth Object Program Office . NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2013 .^ Plait, Phil (25 May 2012). "Small asteroid to buzz Earth on May 28" . Discover . Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013 . ^ a b Williams, David R. "Near Earth Object Fact Sheet" . Lunar & Planetary Science . NASA Goddard Space Flight Center . Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2013 . ^ a b "NEO Earth Close-Approaches (Between 1900 A.D. and 2200 A.D., NEOs with H <=22, nominal distance within 5 LD)" . Near-Earth Object Program Office . NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2015 .^ Benner, Lance A. M. "(214869) 2007 PA8 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning" . Asteroid Radar Research . JPL/California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013 . ^ Atkinson, Nancy (11 December 2012). "Two Asteroids Will Buzz Past Earth on December 11" . Universe Today . Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013 . ^ "PHA Close Approaches To The Earth" . International Astronomical Union/Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011 .^ NASA, Near Earth Object Program, database NEO Earth Close-Approaches Between 1900 A.D. and 2200 A.D. limited to encounters with reasonably low uncertainty Archived 2013-02-17 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 20 Sept. 2013)
^ Ceplecha, Z. (March 1994). "Earth-grazing daylight fireball of August 10, 1972". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 283 (1): 287– 288. Bibcode :1994A&A...283..287C . ISSN 0004-6361 . ^ S., Abe; J., Borovička; P., Spurný; P., Koten; Z., Ceplecha; Meteor Network Team in Japan (18–22 September 2006). "Earth-grazing fireball on March 29, 2006" . European Planetary Science Congress 2006 . Berlin. p. 486. Bibcode :2006epsc.conf..486A . Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 2015-03-14 . ^ Borovička, J.; Ceplecha, Z. (April 1992). "Earth-grazing fireball of October 13, 1990". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 257 (1): 323– 328. Bibcode :1992A&A...257..323B . ISSN 0004-6361 . ^ Spurný, P.; Borovička, J.; Ceplecha, Z.; Shrbený, L. (2008), "Precise Multi-Instrument Data on 45 Fireballs Recorded over Central Europe in the Period 2006-2008" (PDF) , Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008 held July 14–18, 2008 in Baltimore, Maryland , vol. 1405, p. 8217, Bibcode :2008LPICo1405.8217S , archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03, retrieved 2015-03-14
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