This is a list of consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
Honorific and titles
Hatun
Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: خاتون) was used as an honorific for women in the Ottoman period, roughly equivalent to the English term Lady. The term was being used for the Ottoman sultan's consorts. When the son of one of the consorts ascended the throne she became Valide Hatun (Mother of Sultan).
Sultan
Sultan (سلطان) is a word of Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, the title of sultan, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men), with imperial women carrying the title of "Sultan" after their given names. Consequently, the title "Valide Hatun" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's legal wife and first haseki sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.[1] Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal.
Kadın
Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادين) was the title given to the consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The title officially first came in use during the reign of Sultan Suleiman II. The Sultan could have up to four and some times five women with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of women with the rank of Ikbal.
Ikbal
Ikbal (Ottoman Turkish: اقبال) was the title given to the official consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadın. Their honorific was "Hanim".
Daughter of the Hungarian count Janos, she was freed by Timur and handed over to Henry III of Castile. She later married Payo Gomez de Soto Mayor[3][5].
^Iyigun, Murat (2015). War, Peace & Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution. University of Chicago Press. p. 119. ISBN978-0-226-23228-7. Handan Sultan... Greek...
^Ruth Barzilai-Lumbroso (2008). Turkish Men, Ottoman Women: Popular Turkish Historians and the Writing of Ottoman Women's History. ProQuest. ISBN978-0-549-48355-7.
^A.D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955, p.83
^ abcSakaoğlu 2008, pp. 253"Saraya ne zaman alındığı ve milliyeti bilinmeyen Dilâşûb, Sultan İbrahim'in ilk hasekilerindendir."
^A.D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955, p.83
^A.D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955, p.83
Alderson, Anthony Dolphin (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
Avtorkhanov, Abdurahman (1996). Marie Bennigsen Broxup (ed.). The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance Towards the Muslim World. Hurst. ISBN9781850653059.
Barzilai-Lumbroso, Ruth (2008). Turkish Men, Ottoman Women: Popular Turkish Historians and the Writing of Ottoman Women's History. University of California. ISBN978-0-549-48355-7.
Bardakçı, Murat: Şahbaba. Pan Yayıncılık, Istanbul 1998.
Mislimelek, Prinzessin: Saray'dan Sürgüne Bir Osmanlı Prensesi, Istanbul 2012 (Memoiren der Nichte von Emine Nazikeda und Schwiegertochter von Sultan Abdulhamit II.)
Öztuna, Yılmaz: İslam Devletleri. Istanbul 1989 (Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Band 2).
Uluçay, Çağatay: Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ankara 1992
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