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This is a list of the most notable films produced in the Cinema of Germany in 1928.

Title	Director	Cast	Genre	Notes
1928
The Abduction of the Sabine Women	Robert Land	Ralph Arthur Roberts, Ida Wüst	Comedy
Accident	Ernö Metzner	Heinrich Gotho, Sybille Schmitz	Drama
Adam and Eve	Rudolf Biebrach	Reinhold Schünzel, Elza Temary	Comedy
Almenrausch and Edelweiss	Franz Seitz	Leo Peukert, Gritta Ley, Walter Slezak	Drama
Alraune	Henrik Galeen	Brigitte Helm, Paul Wegener	Drama	Based on the story by Hanns Heinz Ewers
Anastasia, the False Czar's Daughter	Arthur Bergen	Lee Parry, Hans Stüwe	Drama
Angst	Hans Steinhoff	Gustav Fröhlich, Henry Edwards	Drama	Co-production with Britain
Ariadne in Hoppegarten	Robert Dinesen	Alfred Abel, Maria Jacobini	Sports
Artists	Géza von Bolváry	Gyula Szőreghy, Anton Edthofer	Silent
At Ruedesheimer Castle There Is a Lime Tree	Johannes Guter	Werner Fuetterer, Marija Leiko	Silent
Autumn on the Rhine	Siegfried Philippi	Albert Steinrück, Julius Brandt	Silent
Band of Thieves	Hans Behrendt	Paul Hörbiger, Leonhard Frank	Silent
The Beaver Coat	Erich Schönfelder	Ralph Arthur Roberts, Lucie Höflich	Comedy
Because I Love You	Johannes Guter	Suzy Vernon, Willy Fritsch	Romance
Behind Monastery Walls	Franz Seitz	Georg Jacoby, Georg Henrich	Drama
The Beloved of His Highness	Jacob Fleck, Luise Fleck	Vivian Gibson, Mary Kid, Paul Richter	Comedy
A Better Master	Gustav Ucicky	Leo Peukert, Lydia Potechina	Comedy
The Blue Mouse	Johannes Guter	Jenny Jugo, Harry Halm	Silent
The Carnival Prince	Rudolf Walther-Fein	Marianne Winkelstern, Harry Liedtke	Silent
The Carousel of Death	Heinz Paul	Claire Rommer, Anton Pointner	Silent
Casanova's Legacy	Manfred Noa	Andrée Lafayette, Maly Delschaft	Silent
The Case of Prosecutor M	Rudolf Meinert, Giulio Antamoro	Maria Jacobini, Jean Angelo	Mystery
Charlotte Somewhat Crazy	Adolf E. Licho	Lya De Putti, Livio Pavanelli	Comedy
Children's Tragedy	Phil Jutzi, Karl Lutz	Hermann Picha, Jaro Fürth	Drama
The Countess of Sand	Hans Steinhoff	Käthe von Nagy, Jack Trevor	Silent
The Crazy Countess	Richard Löwenbein	Ralph Arthur Roberts, Werner Fuetterer	Silent
The Criminal of the Century	Max Obal	Luciano Albertini, Hans Albers, Vivian Gibson	Crime
Cry for Help	Franz Hofer	Hans Mierendorff, John Mylong	Drama
Dame Care	Robert Land	Fritz Kortner, Mary Carr	Silent
Darling of the Dragoons	Rudolf Walther-Fein	Maria Paudler, Harry Liedtke	Comedy
Das deutsche Lied	Karl Pindl	Gritta Ley, Theodor Becker, Wilhelm Diegelmann	Drama
The Devious Path	Georg Wilhelm Pabst	Gustav Diessl, Brigitte Helm	Drama
Docks of Hamburg	Erich Waschneck	Jenny Jugo, Willy Fritsch	Drama
Doctor Schäfer	Wolfgang Neff	Evelyn Holt, Iván Petrovich	Drama
Don Juan in a Girls' School	Reinhold Schünzel	Reinhold Schünzel, Lydia Potechina	Comedy
The Duty to Remain Silent	Carl Wilhelm	Marcella Albani, Vivian Gibson	Drama
Dyckerpotts' Heirs	Hans Behrendt	Paul Hörbiger, Georg Alexander	Comedy
Eddy Polo in the Wasp's Nest	Léo Lasko	Eddie Polo, Grit Haid	Adventure
Escape	Carl Froelich	Henny Porten, Max Maximilian	Drama
Escape from Hell	Georg Asagaroff	Jean Murat, Louis Ralph	Drama
Eva in Silk	Carl Boese	Lissy Arna, Walter Rilla	Silent
Eve's Daughters	Carl Lamac	Anny Ondra, Wolfgang Zilzer	Drama	Co-production with Czechoslovakia
Fair Game	Holger-Madsen	Evelyn Holt, Fred Louis Lerch	Drama
The Fate of the House of Hapsburg	Rolf Raffé	Fritz Spira, Leni Riefenstahl	Drama
The First Kiss	Carl Lamac	Anny Ondra, Eugen Burg	Comedy
Five Anxious Days	Gennaro Righelli	Maria Jacobini, Anton Pointner	Drama
Flucht vor Blond	Louis Ralph	Georg Alexander, Lia Eibenschütz, Ágnes Eszterházy	Silent
Folly of Love	Robert Wiene	Maria Jacobini, Jack Trevor	Comedy
The Foreign Legionnaire	James Bauer	Dorothea Wieck, Ferdinand Martini	Adventure
The Gallant Hussar	Géza von Bolváry	Ivor Novello, Evelyn Holt	Romance	Co-production with Britain
The Gambling Den of Montmartre	Willy Reiber, Franz Seitz Sr.	Eric Barclay, Suzy Vernon	Silent
The Game of Love	Victor Janson	Harry Liedtke, Kurt Vespermann	Silent
Der gefesselte Polo	Léo Lasko	Eddie Polo, Harry Hardt, Grit Haid	Action
The Girl from the Revue	Richard Eichberg	Dina Gralla, Werner Fuetterer	Silent
A Girl with Temperament	Victor Janson	Eugen Neufeld, Maria Paudler	Silent
Girls, Beware!	Valy Arnheim	Egon von Jordan, Hanni Weisse	Drama
Give Me Life	Klaus Fery	Grete Reinwald, Henry Stuart	Drama
The Great Adventuress	Robert Wiene	Lili Damita, Georg Alexander	Comedy
The Green Alley	Richard Oswald	Grete Mosheim, Gustav Fröhlich	silent
Guilty	Johannes Meyer	Suzy Vernon, Willy Fritsch	Drama
Gaunerliebchen	Max Reichmann	Charlotte Ander, Raimondo Van Riel, Hans Mierendorff	Silent
Hands Up, Eddy Polo	Léo Lasko	Eddie Polo, Ernst Reicher, Otz Tollen	Action
The Hangman	Theodor Sparkuhl, Adolf Trotz	Andrée Lafayette, Bernhard Goetzke	Silent
The Happy Vagabonds	Jacob Fleck, Luise Fleck	Georg Alexander, Lotte Lorring	Silent
The Harbour Baron	Ernst Winar	Colette Brettel, Hans Brausewetter	Silent
Das Hannerl von Rolandsbogen	Wolfgang Neff	Gritta Ley, Wilhelm Diegelmann	Silent
He Goes Right, She Goes Left!	Fred Sauer	Livio Pavanelli, Lotte Neumann, Georg Alexander	Romance
Herkules Maier	Alexander Esway	Reinhold Schünzel, Claire Rommer	Comedy
Der Herzensphotograph	Max Reichmann	Harry Liedtke, Robert Garrison, La Jana	Silent
His Strongest Weapon	Harry Piel	Harry Piel, Vera Schmiterlöw, Philipp Manning	Thriller
Die Hölle der Jungfrauen	Robert Dinesen	Werner Krauss, Elizza La Porta	Drama
Homecoming	Joe May	Lars Hanson, Dita Parlo	War/Drama
Honeymoon	E.W. Emo	Margot Landa, Harald Paulsen	Silent
Honour Thy Mother	Paul L. Stein	Mary Carr, Walter Rilla	Silent
The House Without Men	Rolf Randolf	Ossi Oswalda, Iwa Wanja	Comedy
Hungarian Rhapsody	Hanns Schwarz	Lil Dagover, Willy Fritsch	Drama
Hurrah! I Live!	Wilhelm Thiele	Max Gülstorff, Nathalie Lissenko	Comedy
I Once Had a Beautiful Homeland	Max Mack	Leo Peukert, Grete Reinwald	Silent
Immorality	Willi Wolff	Ellen Richter, Nicolas Rimsky	Drama
The Insurmountable	Max Obal	Luciano Albertini, Vivian Gibson	Silent
In Werder the Trees are in Bloom	Fred Sauer	Teddy Bill, Fritz Schulz	Silent
It Attracted Three Fellows	Carl Wilhelm	Hans Albers, Eugen Burg	Comedy
Jahrmarkt des Lebens	Béla Balogh	Gustav Fröhlich, Vera Schmiterlöw	Silent
The Joker	Georg Jacoby	Henry Edwards, Elga Brink	Drama
Kaczmarek	Carl Wilhelm	Evi Eva, Fritz Schulz, Hanni Weisse	Silent
The King of Carnival	Georg Jacoby	Gabriel Gabrio, Renée Héribel	Silent
Knights of the Night	Max Reichmann	Ivan Koval-Samborsky, La Jana	Silent
The Lady and the Chauffeur	Manfred Noa	Jack Trevor, Elisabeth Pinajeff	Comedy
The Lady from Argentina	Siegfried Philippi	Hans Albers, Gritta Ley	Silent
The Lady in Black	Franz Osten	Liane Haid, Marcella Albani	Silent
The Lady with the Mask	Wilhelm Thiele	Max Gülstorff, Arlette Marchal	Silent
The Last Fort	Curtis Bernhardt	Rolla Norman, Maria Paudler	War
The Last Night	A.W. Sandberg	Diomira Jacobini, Gösta Ekman	Silent
The Last Performance of the Circus Wolfson	Domenico Gambino	Lydia Potechina, Hermann Vallentin	Silent
Lemke's Widow	Carl Boese	Lissy Arna, Sophie Pagay	Silent
Leontine's Husbands	Robert Wiene	Claire Rommer, Georg Alexander	Comedy
Life's Circus	Max Reichmann	Raimondo Van Riel, Kurt Gerron	Drama
The Little Slave	Jacob Fleck, Luise Fleck	Grete Mosheim, Fritz Richard	Comedy
Looping the Loop	Arthur Robison	Werner Krauss, Jenny Jugo	Thriller
Lotte	Carl Froelich	Sig Arno, Kurt Gerron	Silent
A Love, A Thief, A Department Store	Karl Theodor Wagner	Colette Brettel, Rudolf Klein-Rhoden	Romance
Love and Thieves	Carl Froelich	Henny Porten, Anton Pointner	Drama
The Love Commandment	Victor Janson	Dina Gralla, Lilian Harvey	Silent
Love in the Cowshed	Carl Froelich	Henny Porten, Eugen Neufeld	Drama
Love on Skis	Rolf Randolf	Harry Liedtke, Georg Henrich	Comedy
Love's Masquerade	Augusto Genina	Carmen Boni, Hans Junkermann	Silent
Luther	Hans Kyser	Eugen Klöpfer, Rudolf Lettinger	Historical
Mädchenschicksale	Richard Löwenbein	Vera Schmiterlöw, Eugen Burg, Gina Manès	Drama
Majestät schneidet Bubiköpfe	Ragnar Hyltén-Cavallius	Hans Junkermann, Brita Appelgren	Drama	Co-production with Sweden
Man Against Man	Harry Piel	Harry Piel, Dary Holm	Thriller
The Man with the Limp	Willy Reiber, Franz Seitz Sr.	Christa Tordy, Alfred Abel	Silent
Mariett Dances Today	Frederic Zelnik	Lya Mara, Fred Louis Lerch	Silent
The Market of Life	Béla Balogh	Gustav Fröhlich, Hans Mierendorff, Vera Schmiterlöw	Silent
Marriage	Rudolf Walther-Fein	Hans Junkermann, Fritz Kampers	Silent	Co-production with Austria
Mary Lou	Frederic Zelnik	Lya Mara, Fred Louis Lerch	Silent
Mary's Big Secret	Guido Brignone	André Mattoni, Ralph Arthur Roberts	Silent
Master and Mistress	Alfred Theodor Mann	Hans Albers, Maly Delschaft, Carl de Vogt	Silent
Mikosch Comes In	Rolf Randolf	Gyula Szőreghy, Lydia Potechina	Comedy
Milak, the Greenland Hunter	Georg Asagaroff	Ruth Weyher, Lotte Lorring	Adventure
Miss Chauffeur	Jaap Speyer	Mady Christians, Johannes Riemann	Comedy
A Modern Casanova	Max Obal, Rudolf Walther-Fein	Harry Liedtke, María Corda	Comedy
Modern Pirates	Manfred Noa	Jack Trevor, Marietta Millner	Comedy
Moral	Willi Wolff	Ellen Richter, Ralph Arthur Roberts	Silent
The Most Beautiful Woman in Paris	Jacob Fleck, Luise Fleck	Elga Brink, Warwick Ward	Silent
My Friend Harry	Rudolf Walther-Fein, Max Obal	Harry Liedtke, Maria Paudler	Silent
The Mysterious Mirror	Carl Hoffmann	Fee Malten, Fritz Rasp	Fantasy
Number 17	Géza von Bolváry	Guy Newall, Lien Deyers	Crime	Co-production with Britain
Odette	Luitz-Morat	Francesca Bertini, Warwick Ward	Drama
The Old Fritz	Gerhard Lamprecht	Otto Gebühr, Julia Serda	Historical	Released in Two Parts
One Night in Yoshiwara	Emmerich Hanus	Alfred Abel, Rudolf Klein-Rogge	Silent
Only a Viennese Woman Kisses Like That	Arthur Bergen	Werner Fuetterer, Erna Morena	Silent
Orient	Gennaro Righelli	Dolly Davis, Vladimir Gajdarov	Silent
Panic	Harry Piel	Harry Piel, Dary Holm	Crime
The Page Boy at the Golden Lion	Carl Boese	Fritz Kampers, Gustl Gstettenbaur	Comedy
Parisiennes	Gustaf Molander	Margit Manstad, Ruth Weyher	Silent	Co-production with Sweden
Pawns of Passion	Wiktor Biegański, Carmine Gallone	Olga Chekhova, Harry Frank	Drama
Polish Economy	E.W. Emo	Iwa Wanja, Margot Landa	Drama
The President	Gennaro Righelli	Ivan Mozzhukhin, Suzy Vernon	Drama
The Prince of Rogues	Curtis Bernhardt	Hans Stüwe, Lissy Arna	Historical
Prince or Clown	Aleksandr Razumny	Marcella Albani, Barbara von Annenkoff	Silent
Princess Olala	Robert Land	Carmen Boni, Walter Rilla	Drama
Rasputin	Nikolai Larin, Boris Nevolin	Vladimir Gajdarov, Ernst Rückert	Drama	Co-production with the Soviet Union
Rasputin, the Holy Sinner	Martin Berger	Nikolai Malikoff, Diana Karenne	Silent
The Republic of Flappers	Constantin J. David	Käthe von Nagy, Raimondo Van Riel	Comedy
Restless Hearts	Benito Perojo, Gustav Ucicky	Betty Bird, Imperio Argentina	Silent	Co-production with Spain
Robert and Bertram	Rudolf Walther-Fein	Harry Liedtke, Fritz Kampers	Comedy
The Runaway Girl	Hanns Schwarz	Käthe von Nagy, Vivian Gibson	Silent
The Saint and Her Fool	William Dieterle	Lien Deyers, Gina Manès	Drama
Sajenko the Soviet	Erich Waschneck	Michael Bohnen, Suzy Vernon	Drama
Salamander	Grigori Roshal	Bernhard Goetzke Nikolay Khmelyov	Drama	Co-production with Soviet Union
Scampolo	Augusto Genina	Carmen Boni, Livio Pavanelli	Comedy
The Schorrsiegel Affair	Jaap Speyer	Bernhard Goetzke, Walter Rilla	Silent
The Secret Courier	Gennaro Righelli	Lil Dagover, Ivan Mozzhukhin	Adventure
Secrets of the Orient	Alexandre Volkoff	Iván Petrovich, Gaston Modot	Drama
Serenissimus and the Last Virgin	Leo Mittler	Hans Junkermann, Adolphe Engers, Adele Sandrock	Silent
The Serfs	Richard Eichberg	Heinrich George, Mona Maris	Drama
Sensations-Prozess	Friedrich Feher	Gustav Diessl, Anton Edthofer	Silent
Sex in Chains	William Dieterle	William Dieterle, Gunnar Tolnæs	Drama
Shiraz	Franz Osten	Himansu Rai, Enakshi Rama Rao	Drama	Co-production with UK and India
Single Mother	Fred Sauer	Victor Colani, Werner Fuetterer	Drama
Sin	Gustaf Molander	Lars Hanson, Elissa Landi, Gina Manès	Drama	Co-production with Sweden
The Sinner	Mario Bonnard	Elisabeth Pinajeff, Hans Stüwe	Drama
Sir or Madam	Carl Boese	Percy Marmont Ossi Oswalda	Comedy	Co-production with Britain
Six Girls and a Room for the Night	Hans Behrendt	Georg Alexander, Jenny Jugo	Comedy
Sixteen Daughters and No Father	Adolf Trotz	Paul Graetz, Camilla Spira	Comedy
Snowshoe Bandits	Uwe Jens Krafft	Aud Egede-Nissen, Paul Richter	Comedy
Song	Richard Eichberg	Anna May Wong, Heinrich George	Drama	Co-production with Britain
Spione (Spies)	Fritz Lang	Rudolf Klein-Rogge	Thriller, Spy film
Spy of Madame Pompadour	Karl Grune	Liane Haid, Fritz Kortner	Historical
The Story of a Little Parisian	Augusto Genina	Carmen Boni, André Roanne	Silent	Co-production with France and Italy
The Strange Night of Helga Wangen	Holger-Madsen	Lee Parry, Francis Lederer	Silent
Strauss Is Playing Today	Conrad Wiene	Alfred Abel, Hermine Sterler	Drama
Struggle for the Matterhorn	Mario Bonnard, Nunzio Malasomma	Luis Trenker, Marcella Albani	Mountain
Suzy Saxophone	Carl Lamac	Anny Ondra, Hans Albers	Comedy	Co-production with France
Tales from the Vienna Woods	Jaap Speyer	Albert Paulig, Magnus Stifter	Silent
Theatre	Mario Bonnard	Marcella Albani, Heinrich George	Silent
Thérèse Raquin	Jacques Feyder	Gina Manès, Hans Adalbert Schlettow	Drama
The Three Women of Urban Hell	Jaap Speyer	Mona Maris, Fred Doederlein	Silent
Today I Was With Frieda	Siegfried Philippi	Hans Albers, Evi Eva	Silent
Tragedy at the Royal Circus	Alfred Lind	Bernhard Goetzke, Ellen Kürti	Drama
Two Red Roses	Robert Land	Liane Haid, Alexander Murski	Silent
Under Suspicion	Constantin J. David	Hanni Weisse, Gritta Ley	Crime
Under the Lantern	Gerhard Lamprecht	Lissy Arna, Gerhard Dammann	Silent
Vienna, City of My Dreams	Victor Janson	Liane Haid, Käthe von Nagy	Silent
Villa Falconieri	Richard Oswald	Maria Jacobini, Hans Stüwe	Drama	Co-production with Italy
Violantha	Carl Froelich	Henny Porten, Mathilde Sussin	Silent
Volga Volga	Viktor Tourjansky	Hans Adalbert Schlettow, Lillian Hall-Davis	Drama
The Weekend Bride	Georg Jacoby	Elga Brink, Werner Fuetterer	Comedy
When the Guard Marches	Hans Steinhoff	Claire Rommer, Fred Solm	Comedy
When the Mother and the Daughter	Carl Boese	Fritz Spira, Trude Hesterberg	Silent
Whirl of Youth	Richard Eichberg	Fee Malten, Heinrich George	Drama	Co-production with Britain
Who Invented Divorce?	Wolfgang Neff	Hans Albers, Charlotte Ander	Silent
The Woman from Till 12	Erich Schönfelder	Dina Gralla, Werner Fuetterer	Silent
Woman in Flames	Max Reichmann	Olga Chekhova, Ferdinand von Alten	Drama
The Woman on the Rack	Robert Wiene	Lili Damita, Vladimir Gajdarov	Drama
The Women's War	Franz Seitz Sr.	Fritz Kampers, Liane Haid	Silent
A Woman with Style	Fritz Wendhausen	Mady Christians, Hans Thimig	Silent
Yacht of the Seven Sins	Jacob Fleck, Luise Fleck	Brigitte Helm, John Stuart	Drama

Documentaries

Title	Director	Featured cast	Genre	Note
Als Dreijähriger durch Afrika	Colin Roß		documentary
Bits of Africa			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Canada - Das Land der eigenen Scholle	Karl Pindl		documentary
Children of the Sun			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
The Eagle's Nest			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Erstarrte Märchenwelt	Gerhard Lamprecht		documentary
Die Filmstadt Hollywood	Max Goldschmidt		documentary
Fröhliche Pfalz	Phil Jutzi		documentary
Die glückliche Mutter	Rudolf Sieber		documentary
Golden Fleece			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Gottes Wundertaten unter dem Batavolk auf Sumatra			documentary
A Happy Omen			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Henny Porten - Leben und Laufbahn einer Filmkünstlerin	Oskar Kalbus		documentary
Im Hornissenstaat	Wolfram Junghans		documentary
Hunderttausende im Kampf	Albrecht Viktor Blum		documentary
Im Schatten der Maschine	Albrecht Viktor Blum		documentary
Inflation	Hans Richter		documentary
Jungle Round-Up			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Lonely Lapland			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Mit Sven Hedin durch Asiens Wüsten	Rudolf Biebrach, Paul Lieberenz		documentary
Monarch of the Glen			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.^{[citation needed]}
Murder			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.^{[citation needed]}
Nature's Wizardry			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Nuri, der Elefant	Henry Stuart		documentary
Palace of Honey			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Perfume and Nicotine			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Primitive Housekeeping			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
The Sacred Baboon			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Sanctuary			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Secrets of the Sea			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Sleeping Death			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Strange Prayers			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Tokens of Manhood			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Vom Baum zum Papier			documentary
Vorwärts	Werner Hochbaum		documentary
Auf Vorposten im Urwald einer heidnischen Insel	Karl Pindl		documentary
Wanderung durch die Arbeit des Vaterländischen Frauenvereins vom Roten Kreuz	Gertrud David		documentary
Was wir wollen - Was wir nicht wollen	Béla Balázs, Albrecht Viktor Blum		documentary
Der Weltkrieg, 2. Teil - Des Volkes Not	Leo Lasko		documentary
Weltstadt im Grünen	Phil Jutzi		documentary
Where Kisses Come High	Arnold Fanck	Leni Riefenstahl, Luis Trenker	documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Wicked Kasimir			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Wives for Sale			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
World's Playgrounds			documentary	released under the series title "MGM Oddities" in the US.
Zeitbericht - Zeitgesicht	Ernst Angel, Albrecht Viktor Blum		documentary

Animation

Title	Director	Genre	Note
Die chinesische Nachtigall	Julius Pinschewer	animation
Dein Schicksal	Ernö Metzner, Oskar Fischinger	animation	produced by the SPD
Dr. Dolittle und seine Tiere	Lotte Reiniger	animation
Ghosts Before Breakfast	Hans Richter	Animation
Grotesken im Schnee	Lotte Reiniger, Alex Strasser	animation
Der scheintote Chinese	Lotte Reiniger	animation
Willis Zukunftstraum	Paul N. Peroff	animation