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Lillian Daphne de Lissa (25 October 1885 – 1967) was an early childhood educator and educational theorist in Adelaide, South Australia and the United Kingdom in the twentieth century. She was head hunted to lead Gipsy Hill College in South London, a key part of Kingston University, that spread the ideas of Montessori education and the Dalton Plan.

Early life and education

Lillian Daphne de Lissa was born in Darlinghurst on 25 October 1885, the sixth child of Montague de Lissa,^[1] a merchant, and Julia, née Joseph, a Jewish family.^[2]^[3]

She was educated at Riviere College, Woollahra, in 1891 passing the Junior University Examination in seven subjects, then in 1894 passed the Senior examination in eight subjects,^[4] matriculating six months later with first class honours in French and German. She was awarded a Walker Exhibition, enabling her to enrol in an arts degree course at the Women's Institute.^[5]

She had ambitions for a career in music, but was inspired by the transformation of the slums by the Woolloomooloo Free Kindergarten^[6] and decided to pursue studies in early childhood education.^{[citation needed]}

In 1902, de Lissa began studying at the Sydney Kindergarten Teachers College, Sydney where she was influenced by the work and philosophies of the principal Frances Newton who had brought new ideas from Chicago.^{[citation needed]}

Commencing work as a Kindergarten director at Ashfield free Kindergarten in 1905, de Lissa then enrolled in a teacher training course in order to have a broader influence on early childhood education.^{[citation needed]}

Career

In 1905, de Lissa accompanied Frances Newton on a trip to Adelaide, at the invitation of Bertram Hawker, to share their philosophies of early childhood education. The tour led to the formation of the Kindergarten Union of South Australia on 26 September 1905 at a public meeting. The Union sought to establish Free Kindergartens in the poorer parts of the city.^{[citation needed]}

In 1906, de Lissa became the founding director of Adelaide's first free kindergarten, which was established at 214 Franklin Street. She used teaching methods based on the work of Friedrich Fröbel, a German educator who is considered one of the founders of kindergarten education.^[7]

The Kindergarten Teachers College was founded in Adelaide in 1907 and de Lissa was appointed its founding Principal. She visited Perth in 1911, and inspired there the formation of the Kindergarten Union of Western Australia.^[8]

In 1913, de Lissa travelled to Europe to conduct a study tour. She was away from Adelaide for two years.^[9] She travelled to Rome to gain a diploma qualification in Montessori education. de Lissa gave a keynote address at the second Conference of the New Ideals in Education (ie Montessori) conference in East Runton near Cromer in 1914.^[10] Her travels throughout Europe allowed her to complete a report about the state of education in European countries for the South Australian Government. On her return to Adelaide in 1915, de Lissa introduced Montessori methods to both kindergartens and the teacher training college and gave public lectures about the methods.^[11] One of the students she inspired with Montessori ideas was Doris Anne Beeston.^[12] Belle Rennie had organised the first Conference of the New Ideals in Education in 1912 and she was a enthusiast for the Montessori Method. A second Conference of the New Ideals in Education was organised at Runton near Cromer in 1914 and it was agreed that they needed to establish a new training facility where teachers could learn about Montessori's approach. Rennie took the lead on the idea and she persuaded the Board of Education to give accreditation to her new Gipsy Hill College. Rennie needed a new principal for the college and she approached de Lissa who had been a keynote speaker at her Runton conference.^[10]

England

In 1917 de Lissa left Adelaide for England. The Mail newspaper reports that she was invited to take up position of Principal of the Montessori Training College in London.^[13] In 1917, she became foundation Principal of the Gipsy Hill Training College in Surrey, England, a residential college for nursery school teachers. This led to a role in the formation of the Nursery School Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1923. She served as principal of the Gipsy Hill Teachers College for 29 years. She published several books that were well-regarded including Life in the Nursery School (1939)^[14] and Life in the Nursery School and in Early Babyhood (1949).^[15]

Later travels

De Lissa was invited on a lecture tour of the United States for six months in 1943, at the invitation of organisations including the Child Study Association of America and the Progressive Education Association.^{[citation needed]}

In 1955, de Lissa returned to Adelaide for the Kindergarten Union of South Australia's Golden Jubilee.^{[citation needed]}

Death and legacy

De Lissa died in 1967.^{[citation needed]}

The de Lissa Institute of Early Childhood and Family Studies at the Magill campus of the University of South Australia is named for Lillian de Lissa,^[16] and the Lillian de Lissa Scholarship was established to honour her memory.^[17]

The de Lissa Association of Early Childhood Graduates (University of South Australia) previously known as the Kindergarten Club was established in 1911. When the Association was disassociated in 2011 they donated their records to the University of South Australia Library to establish the de Lissa Association Collection.^[18]

References

^ "Family Notices". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 14, 848. New South Wales, Australia. 27 October 1885. p. 1. Retrieved 6 November 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Helen Patricia Jones, 'de Lissa, Lillian Daphne (1885–1967)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/de-lissa-lillian-daphne-5946/text10139, published in hardcopy 1981, accessed online 21 April 2014.
^ 'Lillian de Lissa – her life, her story' University of South Australia Library Website [1] Retrieved 21-4-2014
^ "Springwood". Nepean Times. Vol. 13, no. 652. New South Wales, Australia. 20 October 1894. p. 4. Retrieved 13 November 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "A Successful Lady Student". The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser. Vol. LX, no. 1827. New South Wales, Australia. 13 July 1895. p. 76. Retrieved 13 November 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Feez, Susan. Montessori: The Australian Story. UNSW Press, 2013.
^ "Kindergarten | Early Childhood Education, Social Development & Play-Based Learning | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 28 March 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^ Whitehead, K 2010, 'Contesting the 1944 McNair report: Lillian de Lissa's working life as a teacher educator', History of Education, vol. 39, no 4, July 2010, pp. 507-524
^ 'Miss de Lissa's Lecture,' The Mail, 25 September 1915, p.5
^ ^a ^b Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/48580. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48580. Retrieved 27 February 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ 'Miss de Lissa's Lecture' The Mail, Saturday 18 September 1915, p 6. [2]
^ Jones, Helen, "Doris Anne Beeston (1897–1940)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 12 November 2023
^ 'Miss Lillian de Lissa', The Mail 27 January 1917
^ Lissa, Lillian De (1939). Life in the Nursery School. Longmans, Green and Company.
^ Lissa, Lillian De (1949). Life in the Nursery School and in Early Babyhood. Longmans, Green.
^ Miller, H & Butler, P 2007, Kindergarten Training College One hundred years 1907 – 2007: Memories of graduates 1907 – 1957, The de Lissa Association of Early Childhood Graduates Incorporated, Adelaide
^ Jones, Helen (2001). "Lillian Daphne de Lissa". SA History Hub. Retrieved 14 December 2023. This entry was first published in S.A.'s Greats: The men and women of the North Terrace plaques, edited by John Healey (Historical Society of South Australia Inc., 2001).
^ Sergeant, Kate. "Guides: Special Collections: The de Lissa Association". guides.library.unisa.edu.au. Retrieved 20 March 2024.