Leucaspius delineatus

Leucaspius delineatus
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Cyprinidae
Subfamily:	Leuciscinae
Genus:	Leucaspius Heckel & Kner, 1858
Species:	L. delineatus
Binomial name
Leucaspius delineatus Heckel, 1843
Synonyms
Leucaspius abruptus Heckel & Kner, 1858 Leucaspius delineatus delineatus (Heckel, 1843) Leucaspius delineatus dimorphus Ruzskii, 1914 Leucaspius relictus Warpachowski, 1889

Leucaspius delineatus, known as the sunbleak, belica or moderlieschen is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is currently the only species included in genus Leucaspius, whereas formerly others were included, which now have been moved to Ladigesocypris or Pseudophoxinus or merged with L. delineatus.

Description

The belica is a slender fish with a tapered body which is usually from 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) long and seldom grows larger than 10 cm (3.9 in). It has an upward-turned mouth and a short lateral line which extends about seven to ten scales from the gill cover. The anal fin is short and consists of eleven to fourteen rays. This is a silvery fish with a particularly intense band of colour running along the flank.^[2]

Distribution

"Motherless" juvenile fish in a drying-out ephemeral pond

The belica is found all over temperate continental Europe and barely extends to Central Asia in the Caucasus region. The southern limits of its range are essentially marked by the Pyrenees and the Alpide belt.

The common name Moderlieschen is of German origin. Although it looks like a proper word that can be approximately transliterated as "mouldy Lizzy", it is actually a bowdlerized version of an older name which survives in parts of Germany as Mutterloseken. Literally meaning "the little motherless one", this ultimately refers to the fact that the sticky eggs of the moderlieschen can withstand exposure to air for a remarkably long time. Deposited on water plants, they sometimes stick to the feet of ducks and similar birds and are carried by these to ephemeral ponds. Large numbers of young moderlieschens are thus sometimes encountered when such ponds dry up, and with no adult fish being present this gave rise to the belief that they were "motherless".

It has been introduced to Great Britain,^[3] and appears to be established in the Avalon Marshes in Somerset and has been implicated in transmitting a new species of parasitic fluke to both European otter and American mink in the area but where it may now be an important prey species for piscivorous birds.^[4][5]

See also

• Abiogenesis

References

1. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008). "Leucaspius delineatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T11873A3311162. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T11873A3311162.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
2. "Belica: Leucaspius delineatus". NatureGate. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
3. Grzegorz Zięba; Gordon H. Copp; Gareth D Davies; Paul Stebbing; Keith J. Wesley; Rob Britton (June 2010). "Recent releases and dispersal of non-native fishes in England and Wales, with emphasis on sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843)" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 5 (2): 155–161. doi:10.3391/ai.2010.5.2.04.
4. James Williams (2006). "Otters on the Somerset Levels" (PDF). Somerset Otter Group. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
5. "Preparing for another Spring". The Grumpy Ecologist. 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

• Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Leucaspius delineatus". FishBase. August 2011 version.