After his release from prison he was drafted and sent to the reserve artillery division in the city of Luga, and then to the front near Warsaw, where Czarist Russia was fighting against Germany in World War I. In the fall of 1915, in a battle in the Volyn area, he was captured by Austro-Hungarian troops and remained a prisoner until November 1918. Held in captivity in Hungary, Gurtyev was liberated, along with the other prisoners, by revolutionaries during the 1919 uprising. On returning home he volunteered in the Red Army.[1]
Military officer
Gurtev fought in the Russian Civil War, taking part in the battle of Tsaritsyn, and rose through the Red Army officers' ranks.[note 1] In 1929, he graduated from the Shot course. In 1939, he was appointed Assistant Head of the Infantry School of Omsk.[2] In March 1942, Colonel Gurtyev started the formation of the military unit that was to become the 308th Rifle Division and in May assumed its command.[1]
Stalingrad
Gurtyev's Division crossed the Volga river during the night of the 30th of September 1942 and immediately engaged the enemy. They were ordered to defend the silicate plant just north of the Barikady factory. On 23 October fighting began inside the factory, with German tanks brought in and Luftwaffe aircraft bombing Soviet defences, while the attackers also used Nebelwerfermortars for close-quarter bombing. The factory's workshops changed hands several times.[3]: 177–180
As was customary during the battle of Stalingrad, and during the Eastern Front fighting generally,[4]: 228 the word "retreat" and its derivatives were not used in military communications from and to Gurtyev's division during its engagement with the enemy.[5]: 247 [note 2]
Gurtyev's division dug in and held on in defense of the factory, while also conducting continuous counter-attacks.[6]: 187–188
Gurtyev's division fought in the extended operations around Kursk, which lasted from July through August 1943. On the 8th of August, during the battle for the recapture of Orel, a shell exploded at the officers' observation post and Gurtyev, protecting with his body GeneralAlexander Gorbatov, died immediately from the shrapnel.[3]: 273
Awards
On 4 May 1943, Gurtyev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Post-humously, the Order of Lenin was awarded as well as the Order of the Red Banner for a second time. On 27 August 1943, the Soviet Presidium, citing his "exemplary performance in command assignments in battle with the German invaders and the heroism and courage displayed," awarded Gurtyev posthumously the medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union.[7]
Notes
^Antony Beevor quotes a description of Gurtyev as a "silent and reserved Siberian." Grossman (2005): xiv
^"For the first time during the entire period of combat in the city, I had to order a part of the troops to retreat 200 to 300 meters toward the Volga. By this time the [Stalingrad] front was straightened out and the battle deployment made denser. In the order there was no mention of retreat but rather this was said: 'The divisions of Gurtyev will at 4:00 on October 19 occupy and defend the sectors of the streets Sormovskaya, Tupikovskaya'." Chuikov (1962): 247
