Law without the state

Law without the state (also called transnational stateless law, stateless law, or private legal orderings) is law made primarily outside of the power of a state.

Such law may be established in several ways:

• It may emerge in systems such as existed in feudal Europe prior to the emergence of the modern nation state with the treaty of Westphalia.^[1][2]
• It can be established as customary law such as that practiced by indigenous communities.^[3][4]
• Non-state actors may create it,^[5][6] for instance in the form of "soft law".
• According to various theories of anarchist law, it could result from how a society would organize itself without formal government.^[7]

See also

• List of national legal systems – System for interpreting and enforcing the laws
• Religious law – Ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions
• Islamic Courts Union – Somalian legal and political organization (2000–2009)
• Beth Din – Rabbinical court of JudaismPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Kris (Romani court) – Romani traditional courtPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• Jirga – Assembly of Pashtun tribal leaders
• Lex Mercatoria – Part of the history of contract lawPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

References

1. Berman, Harold J. (1983). Law and Revolution: the Formation of the Western Legal Tradition.
2. Emily Kadens, 'Myth of the Customary Law Merchant' (2011) 90 Texas Law Review 1153.
3. van Schooten, H.; Verschuuren, J. (2008). International Governance and Law: State Regulation and Non-state Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
4. JC Bekker Seymour's Customary Law in Southern Africa 5 ed (1989).
5. Schultz, Thomas (2014). Transnational Legality: Stateless Law and International Arbitration. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641956.003.0004.
6. Schultz, Thomas (2007). "Private legal systems: what cyberspace might teach legal theorists". Yale Journal of Law and Technology. 10 (151).
7. Chartier, Gary (2012). "Anarchy and Legal Order: Law and Politics for a Stateless Society". Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.