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Lao Duang Duean (Thai: ลาวดวงเดือน, Thai pronunciation: [laːw duaŋ dɯan]) is the classical Thai musical composition of Prince Benbadhanabongse, son of King Rama V. It was composed in 1909 as the original title Lao Damnoen Kwian and was later changed to the new title Lao Duang Duean.

Prince Benbadhanabongse, the composer of *Lao Duang Duean*.

Meaning

In Thai, Lao Duang Duean (original title: Lao Damnoen Kwian) means Moonlight Serenade^[1] or The Moon (in Lao accent),^[2] and the original title Damnoen Kwian means cart proceeding.^[3] The term Lao describes a Lao dialect of northeastern Thailand and Lan Na,^[2]^[4] and the term Duang Duean means the moon,^[3] which means praising the girl's beauty by comparing the face of a young girl to the full moon.^[5]

Due to misunderstandings, some Lao believe that all Thai compositions with the Lao accent and Lao identity, e.g., Lao Duang Duean, Lao Siang Thian, and Lao Charoen Si, are originally Lao melodies adapted by Thai composers. In fact, most Thai compositions with the Lao accent (samniang lao) were derived from the music of Lan Na (now Chiang Mai), which is called Lao Chiang and Lao Kao for northeastern Thailand (Isan) by the Siamese royal court during 1851–1925.^[6]^[2]

History

In 1909, Prince Benbadhanabongse, the director general of the Department of Agriculture,^[7] composed a new song to emphasize the song Lao Damnoen Sai during his wanderings to the silk weaving factory in Ubon Ratchathani, Siam (now Thailand). He entitled the new song Lao Damnoen Kwian (Thai: ลาวดำเนินเกวียน)^[8]^[9] because he had to ride a cart (kwian) along certain routes.^[10] Luang Amnat Narongran (Phaithun Benyakul), a Thai noble in the Ministry of Defense, was the first person to sing the Lao Damnoen Kwian in the reign of King Rama V. Its melody and downbeat are similar to Antonín Dvořák’s Humorous Symphony No. 7 (1894).^[10]

Since the lyrics start and end with the Thai word Duang Duean, it is popular to call the new song title Duang Duean, which means the moon, instead of the original song title, Lao Damnoen Kwian, which was given by Prince Benbadhanabongse.^[11]

In the reign of King Prajadhipok, the Fine Arts Department of Thailand has adopted the Lao Duang Duean for Thai classical dance, called Fon Lao Duang Duean (Thai: ฟ้อนลาวดวงเดือน). The first performance was set in the audience hall; there were Siamese royal ladies and ladies-in-waiting performing the dance in front of his majesty. King Prajadhipok also refines the Fon Lao Duang Duean by adding a rhythm and had Thanpuying Puangroi Apaiwong play the piano to accompany the performance.^[12]

In the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the song Lao Duang Duean was revamped for the Thai dance, Fon Duang Duean, by the Fine Arts Department of Thailand; the performance was led and sang by Montri Tramote, and its dance movements were created by Paew Snidvongseni, to honor his majesty and Queen Sirikit on the occasion of the state visit.^[10]

In 1962, Queen Ingrid of Sweden and King Frederik IX of Denmark had visited Thailand. There is a record in His Majesty's Footsteps: A Personal Memoir, said that Queen Ingrid watched the performance of the crown prince of Thailand (now King Vajiralongkorn) singing the thai classical music Lao Duang Duean:–

Queen Ingrid might have been surprised to see the crown prince sing the famous traditional Thai song ‘Lao Duang Duean’ and to hear Princess Sirindhorn play a Thai fiddle and sing traditional Thai songs as well.^[13]

The dance Fon Duang Duean was later performed many times, such as,^[10]

On the occasion of the state visit of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Prinz von Preußen of the Federal Republic of Germany at Sivalai Garden in the Grand Palace of Thailand on October 10, 1963.
On the occasion of a state visit for Prince Masahito, and Princess Hanako, Prince and Princess Hitachi of Japan, in the Dusit Palace Thailand on December 1, 1965.
On the occasion of hosting a royal dinner for a state visit at the Boromphiman Throne Hall in the Grand Palace Thailand on March 9, 1966.

Since the lyrics of this song are a lamentation of the love between a young man and a young woman, the newly invented Fon Duang Duean dance shows beautiful courting gestures in the style of Thai dance.^[10]

In popular cultures

Lao Duang Duean appears in various contemporary cultures and media as follows:

Drama and movie

Four Reigns (2004 Thai drama)
E Riam Sing (Riam Fighting Angel) (2020) (Sang by Ranee Campen).
Eternity (2010 Thai film).
Under The Same Moon (2021 Thai MV), (chorus by Perawat Sangpotirat, Prachaya Ruangroj, and Ada Chunhavajira).
Roi Duriyang; The Musical (2015 Thai stage play at the Thailand Cultural Centre).

Computer program

Loa Duang (Aliases: Lao Duang).^[14] The Loa Duang, also known as the Lao Duang Duean virus,^[15] is a type of computer virus that was discovered in May 1991 in Thailand. The virus caused the system boot sector and directory corruption and decreased computer memory.^[16]

References

^ Patnaik, Srikanta and Li, Xiaolong. (2014). Proceedings of International Conference on Soft Computing Techniques and Engineering Application at ICSCTEA 2013, September 25-27, 2013, Kunming, China. New Delhi: Springer. p. 135. ISBN 978-813-2-21695-7
^ ^a ^b ^c Miller, Terry and Williams, Sean. (2011). The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor and Francis. p. 152, 197. ISBN 978-113-5-90155-4
^ ^a ^b Koizumi Fumio, Tokumaru Yoshihiko, and Yamaguchi Osamu. (1977). Asian Musics in an Asian Perspective: Report of Asian Traditional Performing Arts 1976, Academia Music. Tokyo: Heibonsha. p. 332. OCLC 4114327
^ Klangprasri, Sanong. (1994). "ลาวดวงเดือน...ลาวไหนกันแน่," The Music and Instruments, Mahidol College of Music, Vol. 1 Issue 3 วารสารเพลงดนตรี วิทยาลัยดุริยางคศิลป์ ปีที่ 1 ฉบับที่ 3 (In Thai). Nakhon Prathom: College of Music, Mahidol University. p. 71. ISSN 0858-9038
^ Renard, Ronald D. "The Image of Chiang Mai: The Making of a Beautiful City," Journal of the Siam Society 87(1-2)(1999): 93.
^
Miller, Terry E., Chonpairot, Jarernchai, and Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University. "A History of Siamese Music Reconstructed from Western Documents," Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 8(2)(1994): 155. JSTOR i40038845 :- "It is not Lao in origin, but rather "samniang lao" or in Lao accent."
- Kadi, Ismail Hakki, and Peacock, A.C.S. (2019). Ottoman-Southeast Asian Relations: Sources from the Ottoman Archives. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 383. ISBN 978-900-4-40999-6
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Arts. (1992). "การปฏิรูปการปกครองหัวเมืองลาวเฉียงในรัชสมัยพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว," Collection of abstracts of the historical theses, 1945–1991 รวมบทคัดย่อวิทยานิพนธ์ประวัติศาสตร์ พ.ศ. 2488–2534 (in Thai). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. p. 155. ISBN 978-974-5-82076-0
^ Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Thailand. (1956). Prawat Krasuang Kasettrathikan Ro So 128 [History of Ministry of Agriculture R.E. 128 (1909 CE)] ประวัติกระทรวงเกษตราธิการ ร.ศ. ๑๒๘ (in Thai). Bangkok: n.p. p. 80. OCLC 880646653
^ Bunnag, Ariya. (2005). The Support Foundation of Her Majesty Queen Sirikit of Thailand: on the auspicious occasion of her Majesty Queen Sirikit's sixth-cycle. (2nd ed). Bangkok: Darnsutha Printing Co., Ltd. p. 176. ISBN 978-974-6-19132-6
^ Wiphkphothanakit, Tœm. (1999). Prawatsart Isan [History of Isan] ประวัติศาสตร์อีสาน (in Thai). Bangkok, Faculty of Sociology and Anthropology, Thammasart University. p. 474. OCLC 934471883
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "โอ้ะ! พี่เป็นห่วงนัก เจ้าดวงเดือนเอย...". Office of Performing Arts, The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. Retrieved on 16 October 2024.
^ The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. (2509). Kret khwam ru rueang dontri Thai [Basics of Thai music] เกร็ดความรู้เรื่องดนตรีไทย (in Thai). Memorial at the royal cremation ceremony of Mr. Phitsanu Chaembang at the crematorium of Wat Rakhangkhositaram, Thonburi, on June 6, 1966. Bangkok: Amphon Pittaya. pp. 59–66.
^ Klamcharœn, Amara, Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya Teachers College. (1983), Suntharīya khō̜ng nāttasin Thai [The aesthetics of Thai dance] สุนทรีย์ของนาฏศิลป์ไทย (in Thai). Bangkok: Odian Sato. p. 191. ISBN 978-974-2-75839-4
^ Dejkunjorn Vasit, Suriyasarn Busakorn, and Moore Christopher. (2006). In His Majesty's Footsteps: A Personal Memoir. Bangkok: Heaven Lake Press; distributed in Thailand by Asia Document Bureau. p. 154. ISBN 978-974-9-41258-9
^ "Loa Duong Virus". Patricia Hoffman's September 1998 edition of VSUM, online. Retrieved on 16 October 2024.
^ Klongnaivai, Sanya. "ไวรัสคอมพิวเตอร์ [Computer Virus]," NECTEC Technical Journal 1(6)(Jan – Feb, 2000): 237. ISSN 1513-2145
^ Feudo, Christopher V. (1992). The computer virus desk reference. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin. p. 241. ISBN 978-155-6-23755-3