At the 2023 European Athletics Team Championships, Vondrová competed in the 200 metres, where she finished 11th overall with a time of 23.44 seconds. Later the same day, she would anchor the Czech mixed 4 x 400m relay team to a victory in a new national record of time of 3:12.34, an improvement of 2.5 seconds over the previous national record.
Later the same year, she would compete at the 2023 World Athletics Championships, in the mixed 4 x 400m relay as well as the individual 400 metres. The team consisting of Matěj Krsek, Tereza Petržilková, Patrik Šorm and Lada Vondrová finished 3rd in the second heat and would go on to take the bronze medal in the final, with a further improved national record time of 3:11.98. In the individual 400m, Vondrová would improve her personal best to 50.92 seconds in the heats. She would finish 19th in the semifinals, not progressing to the final.