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Kedar
Thaat	Kalyan
Type	Chanchal raga
Time of day	1st prahar of Singing
Season	No specific season but sung mostly in rainy season
Arohana	S M G P D N Ṡ
Avarohana	Ṡ N D P M̄ P M R S
Pakad	The pakad of this raga is सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा
Chalan	सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा
Vadi	Ma
Samavadi	Sa
Synonym	Hameer raga
Equivalent	Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat.
Similar	raga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga)

Raga Kedar, also known as Kedara, is a Hindustani classical raga. Named after Lord Shiva, the raga occupies a high pedestal in Indian classical music. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.

Origin

The raga emerges from the Kalyan thaat. This raga is named after Lord Shiva and is loved by Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in Gokul was mesmerized.

Technical description

The raga is of shaadava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent), only six notes are used, and in avarohana (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using arohana and avarohana.

The raga uses only natural (shuddha) versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (tivra) versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- tivra, M- shuddh)" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (komal) version (n).

Arohana: S M, M'P D M, D N S`

Avarohana: S' N D P, m P D P M~, S R S

Pakad: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S

The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is tivra) p d n s.

The most prominent (vadi) note is M, and the second most prominent (samvadi) is S.

Samay

The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first prahar of night. Most ragas with teevra ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas).

Further information

The meend from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a grace note in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one swara to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different swaras often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like khayals, thumris, dhrupads, as well as light classical songs based on it.

According to the Guru Granth Sahib, raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism.

Variants

Adambari Kedar
Anandi Kedar
Basanti Kedar
Chandni Kedar
Deepak Kedar
Jaladhar Kedar
Kedar Bahar
Kedari Malhar
Maluha Kedar
Nat Kedar
Shuddha Kedar
Shyam Kedar
Tilak Kedar

Film songs

Language : Hindi

Song	Movie	Composer	Singers
Dharsan Do Ghan Shyam^[1]	Narsi Bhagat	Shankar Rao Vyas	Hemant Kumar & Manna Dey & Sudha Malhotra & G.S.Nepali & Ravi
Hum Ko Man Ki Shakti Dena^[2]	Guddi (1971 film)	Vasant Desai	Vani Jairam & Chorus
Main Pagal Mera Manwa Pagal	Ashiana	Madan Mohan	Talat Mahmood
Aap Yun Hi Agar Humse Milte Rahe^[3]	Ek Musafir Ek Hasina	O. P. Nayyar	Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi
Bole To Baansuri	Sawan Ko Aane Do	Raj Kamal	K. J. Yesudas
Bekas pe karam kijie ye	Mughal-e-Azam	Naushad	Lata Mangeshkar

Songs listed below sound closer to Hameer Kalyani(Carnatic) which is similar to Kedar(Hindustani).

Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
En Uyir Thozhi	Karnan	Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy	P. Susheela
Udaluku Uyir Kaaval	Manapanthal	Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy	P. B. Sreenivas
Kannizhantha	Enippadigal	K. V. Mahadevan	P. Susheela
Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho	Chandhrodhayam	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Vellaikkamalathiley	Gowri Kalyanam		Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi
Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu	Silambu		K. S. Chitra
Netru parthatho	En Kanavar	S. P. Venkatesh	K. S. Chitra
Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja (Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani, Valaji)	Madhanamaaligai	M. B. Sreenivasan	P. Suseela, K. J. Yesudas
Kadhal Oviyam	Kavikkuyil	Ilaiyaraaja	Sujatha Mohan
Kaiyil Veenai	Vietnam Colony		Bombay Jayashree
Inimel Naalum	Iravu Pookkal		S. Janaki
Nila Kaikiradhu	Indira	A. R. Rahman	Hariharan, Harini
Swasame Swasame (Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani, Maand)	Thenali		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sadhana Sargam
Kanava Illai Kaatra	Ratchagan		Srinivas
Murali Mogha	Galatta Kalyanam		Haricharan, K. S. Chitra
Manasukkul	Kalyana Agathigal	V. S. Narasimhan	Raj Sitaraman, P. Susheela
Iruvathu Vayathu Varai	Kannodu Kanbathellam	Deva	Hariharan, S. Janaki
Pirivellam	Soori	Deva	Harish Raghavendra, Chinmayi

Language : Telugu

Song	Movie	Composer	Singers
Sridevini	Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam	Pendyala (composer)	S. Varalakshmi
Sadhinchanouna	Rahasyam (1967 film)	Ghantasala (musician)	Ghantasala (musician) & P. Susheela
Nee Madhu Murali gaana leela	Bhakta Jayadeva	S. Rajeswara Rao	Ghantasala (musician)
Lalitha Kalaradhanalo	Kalyani (1979 film)	Ramesh Naidu	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

Hindi

Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:

Bekas pe karam kijie ye - Mughal-e-Azam (1960)- Lata Mangeshkar
Bole to bansuri kahi - Sawan Ko Aane Do (1979)- Yesudas
Darshan do Ghanashyam naath – Narsi Bhagat (1957) – Hemant Kumar, Manna Dey, Sudha Malhotra, Chorus
Hum ko mann ko shakti dena - Guddi (1971) – Vani Jairam

References

^ Mani, Charulatha (13 September 2013). "The joy of Hamirkalyani". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
^ GoldMinesGaaneSuneAnsune. "HumkoManKiShaktiDena". youtube(videostreaming). Retrieved 9 May 2021.
^ SEPLvintage. "AapYunHiAgarHumseMilteRahe". youtube(videostreaming). Retrieved 29 April 2015.