Karstedt's catalyst is an organoplatinum compound derived from divinyl-containing disiloxane. This coordination complex is widely used in hydrosilylation catalysis. It is a colorless solid that is generally assumed to be a mixture of related Pt(0) alkene complexes.[1][2] The catalyst is named after Bruce D. Karstedt, who developed it in the early 1970s while working for General Electric.[3]
Applications
Carbon-silicon bonds are often generated via hydrosilylation of alkenes. This reaction has very important applications to industry. While it is favorable thermodynamically, hydrosilylation does not proceed in the absence of a catalyst, such as Karstedt's catalyst. The catalyst is produced by treatment of chloroplatinic acid by the divinyltetramethyldisiloxane.[4][5]
The oxidation state of the platinum is 0. Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of Pt2[(Me2SiCH=CH2)2O]3 has been confirmed. Each Pt(0) center is surrounded by three alkene ligands provided by three 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane ligands. The Pt center and six coordinated carbon atoms are approximately coplanar, as found for simpler complexes such as Pt(C2H4)3.[7]
^Stein, Judith; Lewis, L. N.; Gao, Y.; Scott, R. A. (1999). "In Situ Determination of the Active Catalyst in Hydrosilylation Reactions Using Highly Reactive Pt(0) Catalyst Precursors". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 121 (15): 3693–3703. doi:10.1021/ja9825377.
^US Patent 3775452, Bruce D. Karstedt, "Platinum complexes of unsaturated siloxanes and platinum containing organopolysiloxanes", published 1973-11-27, assigned to General Electric
^Richard T. Beresis, Jason S. Solomon, Michael G. Yang, Nareshkumar F. Jain, James S. Panek (1998). "Synthesis of Chiral (E)-Crotylsilanes: [3R- and 3S-]-(4E)-Methyl 3-(Dimethylphenylsilyl)-4-Hexenoate". Organic Syntheses. 75: 78. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.075.0078.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Kohei Tamao; Yoshiki Nakagawa; Yoshihiko Ito (1996). "Regio- and Stereoselective Intramolecular Hydrosilylation of a-hydroxy Enol Ethers: 2,3-syn-2-Methoxymethoxy-1,3-Nonanediol". Organic Syntheses. 73: 94. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.073.0094.
