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Karel Reisz
Karel Reisz
	Reisz in 1966
Born	21 July 1926; Ostrava, Czechoslovakia
Died	25 November 2002 (aged 76); Camden, London, England
Spouse(s)	Julia Werthimer ; (m. 1953; div. 1963); Betsy Blair (m. 1963)
Children	3

Karel Reisz (21 July 1926 – 25 November 2002) was a Czech-born British filmmaker and film critic, one of the pioneers of the new realist strain in British cinema during the 1950s and 1960s. Two of the best-known films he directed are Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960), a classic of kitchen sink realism, and the romantic period drama The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981).

Early life

Reisz was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, to a family of Jewish ancestry.^[2] His father was a lawyer. Reisz became a refugee, one of the 669 children rescued and evacuated from the country by Sir Nicholas Winton.^[3]^[4]

He was transported to England in 1938, speaking almost no English, and he eradicated his foreign accent as quickly as possible.^[5] After attending Leighton Park School, he joined the Royal Air Force toward the end of the war. After the war ended, he learned that both his parents were murdered at Auschwitz.^[6]^[7] Following his war service, Reisz read Natural Sciences at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and began to write for film journals, including Sight and Sound. He co-founded Sequence in 1947 with Lindsay Anderson and Gavin Lambert.

Career

Free Cinema

Reisz was a founder member of the Free Cinema documentary film movement. His book The Technique of Film Editing was first published in 1953, and became a standard textbook in the field.

His first short film, Momma Don't Allow (1955), co-written and co-directed with Tony Richardson, was included in the first Free Cinema program shown at the National Film Theatre in February 1956.^[8] The next year he produced Every Day Except Christmas (1957), directed by Lindsay Anderson, followed by Band Wagon (1958).

Reisz and Anderson produced and directed March to Aldermaston (1959). Reisz alone directed We Are the Lambeth Boys (1959), a naturalistic depiction of the members of a South London boys' club, unusual in showing the leisure life of working-class teenagers, with skiffle music and cigarettes, cricket, drawing, and discussion groups.^[9] The film was chosen to represent Britain at the Venice Film Festival. (The BBC made two follow-up films about the same people and youth club, broadcast in 1985.) Reisz also produced I Want to Go to School (1959), directed by John Krish.

Early features

Reisz's first feature film, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960), was based on the social-realism novel by Alan Sillitoe, and used many of the same techniques as his earlier documentaries. In particular, scenes filmed at the Raleigh factory in Nottingham have the look of a documentary, and give the story a vivid sense of verisimilitude.^[10] The film won the Grand Award for Best Feature Film at the 1961 Mar del Plata International Film Festival.^[11] It was successful at the box office and made a film star of Albert Finney.

Reisz directed a TV series, Adventure Story (1961). He produced Anderson's feature directorial debut This Sporting Life (1963), then he and Finney reunited on Night Must Fall (1964).

Reisz directed Morgan – A Suitable Case for Treatment (1966) adapted by David Mercer from his 1962 television play.

His fourth feature as director was Isadora (1968), a biography of dancer Isadora Duncan, with a screenplay by Melvyn Bragg that starred Vanessa Redgrave.

Reisz joined the British Film Institute's Board of Governors in 1969 with the aim of bolstering support for independent British directors, but left the role after only a year.^[12]

Hollywood

Reisz's first film shot in America was The Gambler (1974) with James Caan.^[13]^[14]

He made Who'll Stop the Rain (1978) with Nick Nolte and Tuesday Weld.^[15] He was meant to follow it with an adaptation of Brian Moore's novel The Doctor's Wife based on a script by Joe Eszterhas, but the film was never made.^[16]

Back in London, Reisz directed The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), which was perhaps the most successful of his later films.^[17] Adapted from the John Fowles novel by Harold Pinter, it starred Jeremy Irons and Meryl Streep. In 1982, Reisz directed John Guare's Gardenia Dreams on stage in Boston.^[18]

He directed Sweet Dreams (1985), based on the life of country singer Patsy Cline, starring Jessica Lange. After it, he made a script about Libby Holman for Ray Stark, but it was never produced.^[19]

Later career

Reisz's last feature was Everybody Wins (1990), with a screenplay by Arthur Miller, and based on his play.

From 1991 to 2001, Reisz focused on theatre directing in London, Dublin and Paris.^[20] He directed an adaptation of The Deep Blue Sea (1994) for British TV. In 1995, he directed Moonlight by Harold Pinter, starring Jason Robards and Blythe Danner. At a Beckett festival at the Lincoln Center in 1996, he directed Happy Days. In 1999, he did Pinter's Ashes to Ashes (play)Ashes to Ashes, featuring Lindsay Duncan and David Strathairn, with the Roundabout Theater Company. At the Pinter Festival at the Lincoln Center in 2001, he staged A Kind of Alaska and Landscape. When the Gate Theatre filmed all Beckett's stage plays, Reisz did Act Without Words I (2001).

Personal life

Reisz had three sons by his first wife Julia Coppard, whom he later divorced.^[21] Reisz wed Betsy Blair, the former wife of Gene Kelly, in 1963, and remained married to her until his death.

Filmography

Films

Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960)
Night Must Fall (1964)
Morgan – A Suitable Case for Treatment (1966)
Isadora (1968)
The Gambler (1974)
Who'll Stop the Rain (1978)
The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981)
Sweet Dreams (1985)
Everybody Wins (1990)

Short films

Momma Don't Allow 1955 (documentary)
Every Day But Christmas 1957 (documentary about Covent Garden Market)
We Are the Lambeth Boys 1958 (documentary)
March to Aldermaston 1959 (documentary) about the first of the Aldermaston Marches

Television

Adventure Story (1961) (6 episodes)
Performance (TV series) (1 episode) (1994)

Book

Reisz, Karel (1953). The Technique of Film Editing. London: Focal Press. ISBN 0240521854.

References

^ Deaths England and Wales 1984–2006
^ Milne, Tom; "Obituary: Karel Reisz" Guardian.co.uk, 28 November 2002 (Retrieved: 3 July 2009)
^ Gardner, Colin (2006). Karel Reisz. Oxford Road, Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0719075483.
^ Latynski, Maya (1992). Reappraising the Munich Pact: Continental Perspectives. Washington, D. C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 6. ISBN 0943875390.
^ "Karel Reisz". London: telegraph.co.uk. 28 November 2002. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
^ Newsmakers: the people behind today's headlines, 2004. Quote: "After the war's end, the boys learned that both parents had died at Auschwitz, the German-run concentration camp"
^ Peter Worsley. An academic skating on thin ice, Page 52, 2008. "My best friend at College, Karel Reisz, a Czech, never told me what I only learned from his recent obituary – that both of his parents had been killed at Auschwitz."
^ Aufderheide, Patricia (2007). Documentary Film, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University.
^ Hill, John (1986). Sex, Class and Realise: British Cinema 1956 – 1963. London: British Film Institute. p. 128. ISBN 0851701337.
^ Rule, John (1994). Saturday night and Sunday morning: time and the working classes. Southampton: University of Southampton. ISBN 0854325247.
^ "Mar del Plata Awards 1961". Mar del Plata. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
^ Sterritt, David (Winter 2012). "Book Review: The British Film Institute, the Government and Film Culture, 1933–2000 by Geoffrey Nowell-Smith; Christophe Dupin". Film Quarterly. 66 (2): 56. doi:10.1525/fq.2012.66.2.55.
^ Karel Reisz Gambles on Las Vegas By A. H. WEILER. New York Times 8 April 1973: 171.
^ "Karel Reisz: From Viewer to Doer in the World Cinema," Warga, Wayne. Los Angeles Times, 20 October 1974: q30.
^ 'We wanted to connect with British life in the way American cinema connected with American life. Politically our films were tangential.' Karel Reisz, his new film opening on Thursday, talks to Clancy Sigal The Guardian 16 December 1978: 13.
^ KAREL REISZ: 'Dog Soldiers' Dedicated Director Thomas, Kevin. Los Angeles Times 30 May 1977: g8.
^ Welsh, Jim (1982). "The Man Who Made the French Lieutenant's Woman". Literature Film Quarterly. 10 (1).
^ John Guare play; Gardenia Drama by John Guare. Directed by Karel Reisz.Beufort, John. The Christian Science Monitor, 6 May 1982.
^ "Karel Reisz and His Three-Year Itch", Mann, Roderick. Los Angeles Times, 15 September 1985: 18.
^ "Karel Reisz", Milne, Tom. The Guardian (1959–2003); London (UK) [London (UK)]28 Nov 2002: 26.
^ Vallance, Tom; "Karel Reisz: Director of 'Saturday Night and Sunday Morning'"^{[dead link‍]} Independent.co.uk, 28 November 2002 (Retrieved: 18 March 2009)