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Kandi
Kandi
City
	Nickname: Rice Store of Murshidabad
	Kandi Location in West Bengal, India Kandi Kandi (India)
	Coordinates: 23°57′N 88°02′E / 23.95°N 88.03°E
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Murshidabad
Government
• Type	Federal democracy
• Body	Kandi Municipality
• Chairman	Apurba Sarkar —TMC
Area
• Total	12.97 km2 (5.01 sq mi)
Elevation	25 m (82 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	55,632
• Density	4,300/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Bengali, English
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
Postal Code	742137, 742138, 742139, 742140
Vehicle registration	WB/57, WB/57
Lok Sabha constituency	Baharampore
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Kandi

Kandi is a sub-divisional city and municipality in Murshidabad district in West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Kandi subdivision and is located on the east bank of Kana Mayurakshi River. The town is known for being one of the oldest municipal bodies in India, having acquired municipality status in 1869.^{[citation needed]} The area is also known as the 'rice store' of Murshidabad district, owing to its large production of rice.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

8km
5miles

Tomb of Mir Madan

H

Jalangi
River

Dwaraka
River

Mayurakshi
River

Bhagirathi
River

Panchthupi

R

Nagar

R

Khargram

R

Gram Salkia

R

Gokarna

R

Burwan

R

Bharatpur

R

Surangapur

R

Shaktipur

R

Sarulia

R

Rejinagar

R

Naoda

R

Hariharpara

R

Daulatabad

R

Amtala

R

Karnasuvarna

H

Kandi

M

Beldanga

M

Berhampore

M

Salar

CT

Sibdanga Badarpur

CT

Haridasmati

CT

Gora Bazar

CT

Gopjan

CT

Goaljan

CT

Cossimbazar

CT

Chaltia

CT

Barua

CT

Banjetia

CT

Ajodhya Nagar

CT

Cities, towns and locations in the Berhampore and Kandi subdivisions, Murshidabad district
M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical centres
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

Location

The above map covers the Kandi and Berhampore subdivisions, which are spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district: Rarh and Bagri.^[4]^[5] Kandi is 30 km (19 mi) away from Berhampore, the district headquarters of Murshidabad, and approximately 195 km (121 mi) from Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal. It is near two other districts: Burdwan (32 km) and Birbhum (21 km). According to the District Census Handbook, Murshidabad (2011), Kandi covers an area of 12.97 km².^[3]

The ruins of Karnasubarna, the capital of Shashanka, the first important king of ancient Bengal who ruled in the 7th century, is located 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Berhampore.^[6]^[7]^[8] The entire area is overwhelmingly rural, with over 80% of the population living in the rural areas.^[9]

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Geography

Kandi is located in the Mayurakshi River basin. The area is drained by three main river systems: the Mayurakshi–Bele, the Brahmani–Dwarka, and the Bakreshwar–Kopai–Kuye. All the three systems combine into one and finally flow into the Bhagirathi River through the Babla–Uttarasan system. These river systems carry huge discharges during monsoon season, causing wide-spread flooding and drainage congestion in Kandi and adjoining areas, as most of the decades-old embankments are in dilapidated conditions. During floods, the area can be totally cut off from other parts of the district for days, making the transport of relief materials and rapid evacuation challenging. In 2015, the average annual damage caused by these problems is ₹97.55 crore (equivalent to ₹147 crore or US$17 million in 2023).^[10]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kandi had a total population of 55,632, of which 28,442 (51%) were males and 27,190 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 5,889. The total number of literate persons in Kandi was 40,816 (82.05% of the population over 6 years).^[11]

As of the 2001 census of India, Kandi had a population of 50,345. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kandi has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 60%. In Kandi, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.^[12]

Economy

Economically, the area produces handloom textiles, tobacco, bell metal products.^[3] It has branch offices of 4 nationalised banks, 1 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank, 2 agricultural credit societies, and 45 non-agricultural credit societies.^[3] Among medical facilities, it has 2 hospitals with 200 beds (the governmental Kandi Subdivision Hospital is in the center of the town), one tuberculosis clinic, one non-government nursing home, and one veterinary hospital.^[3]

Banking and financial services

State Bank of India, Main Branch
State Bank of India, Bus Stand Branch
State Bank of India, C.C. Rasorah
Punjab National Bank
INDIAN Bank, Main Road - Beside of LICI Building
Bank of Baroda, Khorsa-High Road
Bank of India, Petrol Pump-High Road
Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank, Zemo Branch -School Road
Oriental Bank of Commerce, Hospital Road
IDBI Bank, Hospital Road
HDFC BANK LTD, Hospital Road
ICICI BANK LTD, BUS STAND
Canara Bank, School Road
Kandi Co-Operative Credit Society, Girls School More
Life Insurance Corporation Of India, Main Road Branch
Axis Bank, Girls School More
Bandhan Bank Near Police Station
The New India Assurance Company Limited, Petrol Pump-High Road
K.D.C.M.P.U. Ltd (Amul)

Tourism and festivals

Some popular tourist spots and festivals of Kandi include:

Netaji Shubash Park
Narayandhar Park
Radhaballav Mandir,Kandi
Kandi Rajbari
Shyamsagar Par
Radhasagar Par
Jemo Rajbati
Dakhina Kali Mandir
Gopal Tungi Mandir
Panchamukhi Shib Mandir
Bagdanga Rudradev Mandir
Kali puja of Eroali
Kali puja of Gokarna
Sarbamangala Temple of Jajan

Transport

Roadways

Kandi Town is the gateway of Murshidabad district, as 10 districts of South Bengal are directly connected to it. Kandi is well connected by road to places like Berhampur, Suri, Bolpur, Tarapith, Rampurhat, Burdwan, Katwa, and Asansol. The SH-11 passes through Kandi.

Public transport systems in Kandi Town include government and private buses, electric rickshaws, taxis, and auto rickshaws.

Railways

There is no railway station in Kandi. The nearest ones are:

Salar (25 km away)
Chowrigacha ( 15 KM )
Khagraghat Road (KGLE) railway station on the Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop line (28 km away)
Berhampur on the Sealdah–Lalgola line (34 km away)
Sainthia Junction on the Sahibganj loop line (39 km away)
Kurmodanga (Futisanko) on the Ahmadpur–Katwa line (34 km away)

Education

Among educational facilities, the Kandi area has 30 primary schools, 1 middle school, 4 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools, and 2 general degree colleges. It has 19 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) and one specialised school for the disabled.^[3]

Colleges

Kandi Raj College was established in 1950 by the Kandi Raj family of Kandi. Affiliated to the University of Kalyani, it has the following departments: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science, Bengali, English, Sanskrit, History, Geography, Political science, Philosophy and Economics.^[13]^[14]

Raja Birendra Chandra College was established in 1965 at Kandi. It was earlier known as Kandi Raj College of Commerce. Affiliated to the University of Kalyani, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, geography and BCom.^[15]

Bimal Chandra College of Law was established at Kandi in 2002 with the untiring efforts of Atish Chandra Sinha, a doyen of the Kandi Raj family. It is affiliated with the University of Kalyani and approved by the Bar Council of India.^[16]

Schools

Kandi Raj High School
Kandi Raja Manindra Chandra Girls' High School
Jemo N.N High School
Sri Bishnu High School
Bahara Adarsha Vidyapith
Bahara Girls School
Bagdanga R.S.S Vidyapith (high school)
Bagdanga P.C. Girls School
Chatinakandi Gurupada High School
Namukandi High School
Rasorah Ambika High School
Saraswati Devi Public High School (affiliated to C.B.S.E.)
Jagriti Public School (affiliated to C.B.S.E)

Regional development in education began when Kandi Raj High School was established by converting a theatre owned by the Zamindars of the Kandi Raj family.^[when?] This was done on an appeal by Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the eminent educationist and social reformer during the renaissance in Bengal. The Zamindar family, commonly referred to as Rajas, have contributed to the spread of education; in particular, they have taken initiative and built momentum for female education in and around the Kandi subdivision.

There are many educational libraries and sporting clubs in neighbouring villages.

Arts and culture

The region has a local sweet confectionery called monohara.

Kandi is one of the major cultural centres of Murshidabad. Renowned groups from the town hold theatre festivals throughout the year, mostly during the winter. On Republic Day (January 26), major sports events, programs, and parades are held in the town. Kandi is also commonly known for the famous Kali Puja of the Roychowdhury royal family, the erstwhile rulers of Kandi and the surrounding areas.

Notable people

Ramendra Sundar Tribedi – scientist and writer
Byomkes Chakrabarti – linguist and educationist
Atish Chandra Sinha – nationalist and politician
Bikash Chandra Sinha – physicist and scientist
Rounak Chakraborty – physicist and scientist
Dr Atanu Roy Chowdhury – doctor
Debabrata Ghosh – physicist and scientist

References

^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Kandi, India". www.fallingrain.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Kandi City".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Section II Town Directory, Pages 981-987: Statement I: Growth History, Pages 990-993: Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 993-995: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 995-1001 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Pages 1 001- 1002: Statement VI: Industry & Banking. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
^ "District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A" (PDF). Physiography, Page 13. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
^ "Murshidabad". Geography. Murshidabad district authorities. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
^ Ray, Nihar Ranjan, Bangalir Itihas Adi Parba, (in Bengali), 1980 edition, pp. 160-161, Paschim Banga Niraksharata Durikaran Samiti
^ Sengupta, Nitish, History of the Bengali-speaking People, p.25, UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
^ Majumdar, Dr. R.C., History of Ancient Bengal, first published 1971, reprint 2005, pp. 5-6, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, ISBN 81-89118-01-3.
^ "District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B" (PDF). District Primary Census Abstract page 26. Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
^ "Kandi Master Plan (A comprehensive flood management scheme for Murshidabad and Birbhum)".
^ "District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B" (PDF). Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 801661, page 44-45. Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
^ "Kandi Raj College". KRC. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
^ "Kandi Raj College". College Admission. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
^ "Raja Birendra Chandra College". RBCC Kandi. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
^ "Bimal Chandra College of Law". BCCL. Retrieved 12 September 2017.