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Kamaishi Line
Kamaishi Line
	SL Ginga running on Miyamorigawa Bridge
Overview
Native name	釜石線
Status	In operation
Owner	JR East
Locale	Iwate Prefecture, Japan
Termini	Hanamaki; Kamaishi;
Stations	24
Service
Type	Regional rail
Operator(s)	JR East
Rolling stock	KiHa 100 series DMU
History
Opened	25 October 1913
Technical
Line length	90.2 km (56.0 mi)
Number of tracks	Entire line single tracked
Character	Rural
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification	None
Operating speed	85 km/h (53 mph)
Route map
Route map
	Legend
	year
	closed
	Tōhoku
	Main Line
	former line
	(Iwate Light Railway)
	Kisen River
	(Tsuchikurazawa)
	2.975 km
	1.849 mi
	Kamaishi
	Mining Railway
	Sanriku Railway
	Minami-Rias Line
	This diagram: view; talk; edit;

The Kamaishi Line (釜石線, Kamaishi-sen) is a 90.2 km (56.0 mi) rural railway line in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Hanamaki Station in the city of Hanamaki with Kamaishi Station in the city of Kamaishi.

History

Preserved Class 231 locomotive number 233

The precursor to the line opened in 1915 as the Iwate Light Railway (岩手軽便鉄道), a 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) light railway extending 65.4 km from Hanamaki to Sennintōge Station (仙人峠).^[1] The original plan was to link with Kamaishi Mine and Kamaishi Port, but at an altitude of 887m, the mountain pass at Sennintōge prevented immediate expansion eastward to Kamaishi. A ropeway conveyor was used to convey goods onward to Ōhashi, from where a 16 km 762mm (2'6") gauge mining railway (which operated between 1915 and 1965) provided the service to Kamaishi.^[1]

The railway was nationalized in August 1936, and the line became the "Kamaishi Line". Motive power for the line was provided by six JNR Class 231 steam locomotives, built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in the USA, and numbered 231 to 236.^[1] Work started on upgrading and re-gauging the line, and the first section, the 31.2 km from Hanamaki to Kashiwagidaira was regauged to the standard Japanese track gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) and re-opened from September 1943. The mining railway between Rikuchū-Ōhashi and Kamaishi was also upgraded to 1,067 mm gauge by October 1944 to meet the urgent need for increased capacity to transport iron ore during the war period, and was named the Kamaishi East Line (釜石東線, Kamaishi-Higashi-sen). The entire 90.2 km line was finally completed between Hanamaki and Kamaishi in June 1950, opening to traffic on 10 October of that year.

Stations

All stations are in Iwate Prefecture.

Name		Distance (km)	Rapid Hamayuri	Connections	Location
Hanamaki	花巻	0.0	●	Tōhoku Main Line	Hanamaki
Nitanai	似内	3.5	｜
Shin-Hanamaki	新花巻	6.4	●	Tōhoku Shinkansen
Oyamada	小山田	8.3	｜
Tsuchizawa	土沢	12.7	●		Tono
Haruyama	晴山	15.9	｜
Iwanebashi	岩根橋	21.7	｜
Miyamori	宮守	25.1	●
Kashiwagidaira	柏木平	31.2	｜
Masuzawa	鱒沢	33.6	▲
Arayamae	荒谷前	36.4	｜
Iwate-Futsukamachi	岩手二日町	39.3	｜
Ayaori	綾織	41.1	｜
Tōno	遠野	46.0	●
Aozasa	青笹	50.3	｜
Iwate-Kamigō	岩手上郷	53.8	▲
Hirakura	平倉	56.6	｜
Ashigase	足ヶ瀬	61.2	｜
Kami-Arisu	上有住	65.4	｜		Sumita, Kesen District
Rikuchū-Ōhashi	陸中大橋	73.7	｜		Kamaishi
Dōsen	洞泉	79.6	｜
Matsukura	松倉	83.2	▲
Kosano	小佐野	86.5	●
Kamaishi	釜石	90.2	●	Sanriku Railway Rias Line

Closed stations

Yasawa Station (矢沢駅), between Nitanai and Oyamada, 2.5 km east of Nitanai, opened 25 October 1913, closed 14 March 1985 when the nearby Shin-Hanamaki Station opened.^[2]

Rolling stock

Kamaishi Line services are operated using KiHa 110 series diesel trains.

From 12 April 2014, a newly formed SL Ginga "Joyful Train" (excursion train) began operating on the line at weekends using the restored JNR Class C58 steam locomotive C58 239 together with a train of four modified former KiHa 141 series diesel cars purchased from JR Hokkaido (themselves rebuilt from earlier 50 series passenger coaches and made surplus to requirements following the electrification of the Sasshō Line).^[3]^[4]^[5] The diesel cars provide additional power to cope with the line's gradients.^[4] The coach design work was overseen by industrial designer Ken Okuyama.^[4]

Former rolling stock

Following the full opening of the line in 1950, passenger and freight services on the line were hauled by JNR Class D50 2-8-2 steam locomotives, necessary to negotiate the steep gradients on the line of up 25 ‰.^[1] A couple of JNR Class 8620 steam locomotives were also used for shunting at Kamaishi Station. JNR Class C58 2-6-2 steam locomotives were also used on both passenger and freight services running to and from the Yamada Line. Six JNR Class D51 2-8-2 steam locomotives were subsequently transferred to the line, displacing some of the earlier D50s, but steam haulage on the line was entirely replaced by diesel haulage from March 1967.^[1]

Class 8620 steam locomotives
A preserved Class C58 steam locomotive
A Class D50 steam locomotive
A preserved Class D51 steam locomotive

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Miyata, Hiroyuki (June 2014). 釜石線ショートヒストリー～路線と蒸気機関車～ [A short history of the Kamaishi Line: The line and steam locomotives]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 638. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. pp. 24–25.
^ 日本国有鉄道停車場一覧 [JNR Station Directory]. Japan: Japanese National Railways. 1985. p. 555. ISBN 4-533-00503-9.
^ 東北で復活するＳＬによる新しい列車「ＳＬ銀河」 [New "SL Ginga" train using restored steam locomotive in Tohoku] (PDF). News release (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "JR東日本，C58 239を復元" [JR East to restore C58 239]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ ""SL銀河"が営業運転を開始" ["SL Ginga" enters revenue service]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.