Kalākaua's Privy Council of State

King Kalākaua painting by William F. Cogswell

The Privy Council of State of the Kingdom of Hawaii was a constitutionally-created body purposed to advise and consent to acts made by the monarch. The cabinet ministers were ex-officio members. Both the cabinet and other privy counselors were appointed and dismissed by the monarch according to his personal wishes.[1] The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii made a key change in regards to the cabinet ministers. The monarch was still empowered to appoint the ministers, but only the legislature, or a voluntary resignation, could remove them from office.

The 91 men listed below served in varied years as Kalākaua's Privy Council of State. The list is gleened from the Hawaii State Archives Office Records,[2] the Minutes of the Privy Council, 1873–1892, and the Hawaiian Registers and Directories for 1873–1893, published in Thomas G. Thrum’s Hawaiian Almanac and Annual.[3][4] The century-old archived records are often spotty, and should not be considered complete.

Background and diversity

Kalākaua retained many of the counselors who had been advising the kingdom's monarchs since Kamehameha III. The culturally diverse body was represented by men who were native Hawaiians and Asians, as well as American and British immigrants. Native Hawaiian brothers John Tamatoa Baker and Robert Hoapili Baker who served on the Privy Council, posed as the models for the Kamehameha statues ordered by Kalākaua. The statues are now tourist attractions in Hilo, North Kohala, and in front of Aliʻiōlani Hale in Honolulu.[5]

The counselors were diverse in occupations and personal finances. Henry Martyn Whitney founded two newspapers. Frederick H. Hayselden was the sheriff of the island of Maui. William Buckle was warden of Oahu Jail. Longest serving royal court member was Charles Reed Bishop, who advised monarchs for over three decades, from Kamehameha IV to Liliʻuokalani.[6] Chun Afong emigrated from China at age 24 to clerk in his uncle's retail trade, possessing a business acumen that eventually brought him great wealth on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. He left the Privy Council shortly after being appointed, to accept the position of Chinese consular agent for Hawaii.[7] British born William Lowthian Green had been a prospector during the California Gold Rush, before helping establish the Honolulu Iron Works.[8]

Several on his council, such as Henry A. P. Carter and Curtis P. Iaukea, were experienced diplomats. Elisha H. Allen came from a family dedicated to government service. His father Samuel Clesson Allen had been a US Congressman from Massachusetts. Before moving to Hawaii, Elisha had been a US Congressman from Maine, and US Counsel to Hawaii. After relocating, he served 27 years as Minister Plenipotentiary from the Kingdom of Hawaii to the US.[9] While the king's 1874–75 state visit to the United States generated American legislative support for the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875, Carter and Allen had preceded him in Washington, D.C. to lead the negotiations. Elisha Allen's son William Fessenden Allen served as an advisor for both Kalākaua and Liliʻuokalani.[10] Privy counselors William Nevins Armstrong, Charles Hastings Judd and George W. Macfarlane accompanied the king on his 1881 world tour to negotiate plantation labor contracts with friendly nations.

Changes in the cabinet

After the financial success of the reciprocity treaty, Kalākaua began surrounding himself with advisors who told him what he wanted to hear, instead of those who would act as a balance between the ambitions of the monarchy and the needs of the kingdom. He appointed Walter Murray Gibson as his Prime Minister, charged with carrying out the king's agenda, and subsequently creating a large turnover in his cabinet. Italian soldier of fortune Celso Caesar Moreno was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, and forced to resign after four days when denied recognition by the diplomatic corps stationed in Hawaii.[11] The legislature passed the 1887 constitution as a means to create checks and balances over the king's decision making.[12]

Death of Kalākaua

A leisure trip to San Francisco in 1890 was Kalākaua's final trip abroad. He was in failing health, accompanied by George W. Macfarlane and Robert Hoapili Baker. During a month of rest and recreation in California, he met with Minister Carter to discuss the McKinley Tariff.[13] He died in San Francisco on January 20, 1891. MacFarlane and Baker, as well as the king's handmaiden Kalua and valet Kahikina, were at his bedside.[14] Counselors Godfrey Rhodes and Charles Reed Bishop were also in the room.[15]

Privy council members

Name Portrait Privy council service years Notes Ref(s)
Edward P. Adams June 1879 President of the Kilauea Sugar Company founding member of the Planters Labor and Supply Company [16]
Chun Afong
June 5, 1879 Resigned shortly after appointment to become Chinese consular agent for Hawaii [17]
Luther Aholo
Aug 1884 Minister of the Interior
Oct 13, 1886 -July 1, 1887 		[18]
Elisha Hunt Allen
Sept. 5, 1853 – June 11, 1857
Aug 31, 1857 – 		All Privy Councils since Kamehameha III
House of Nobles 1854–1856 		[9]
William Fessenden Allen
June 5, 1879 – Mar 7, 1891 Colonel on staffs of Kamehameha V, Lunalilo and Kalākaua [10]
William Nevins Armstrong
House of Nobles 1880–1882
Attorney General
Nov 29, 1880 – Jan 17, 1881
Nov 5, 1881– May 19, 1882 		[19]
Clarence W. Ashford
Attorney General
July 1, 1887 – June 14, 1890 		[20]
Joseph Ballard Atherton
1887–1891 President of Castle & Cooke, Ltd. [21]
John Tamatoa Baker
1884–1891 Household troops, King's Guard, High Sheriff of the island of Hawaii. Kalākaua appointed his wife Ululani Lewai Baker as Governess of the Island of Hawaii.
He and his brother Robert were the male models for the Kamehameha statues commissioned during Kalākaua's reign. 		[22]
Robert Hoapili Baker
1884–1891 Colonel and aide-de-camp on Kalākaua's staff, at the king's bedside when he died January 20, 1891.
Household troops, King's Guard,
Governor of Maui, Molokai, Lanai.
He and his brother John were the male models for the Kamehameha statues commissioned during Kalākaua's reign. 		[23]
Charles Reed Bishop
June 9, 1859 – 1891 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha IV
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Jan 10, 1873 – Feb 17, 1874 House of Nobles 1859–1886
At Kalākaua's bedside when he died January 20, 1891 		[6]
Edwin Harbottle Boyd
1874 House of Representatives 1864–1870; Chamberlain to Kalākaua 1874–1875; father of James Harbottle Boyd and Robert Napuʻuako Boyd [24]
Godfrey Brown
House of Nobles 1887–1890
Minister of Foreign Affairs
July 1 – Dec 28, 1887
Minister of Finance
July 17, 1890 – Feb 25, 1891 		[25]
William Wahinepiʻo Buckle Sept 4, 1880 – Dec 18, 1883 William Wahinepiʻo Kahakuhaʻakoi Buckle
Warden of Oahu Jail, 1882–1883
 [26]
John Edward Bush
Sept 1, 1878 – 1891 House of Nobles 1880–1886
Minister of Foreign Affairs (acting)
Aug 19 – Sept 22, 1880
Minister of Finance
May 20 – Aug 8, 1882
Minister of the Interior
Aug 8, 1882 – May 14, 1883 		[27]
Henry A. P. Carter
Sept 28, 1874 – 1891 Minister of Foreign Affairs
Dec 5, 1874 – Mar 1, 1878
Minister of the Interior
Sept 27, 1880 – May 20, 1882
Attorney General
Jan 17 – Nov 5, 1881
Minister to the United States
Feb 9, 1883 – Aug 24,1891
Envoy posts
Europe 1877, Portugal 1881, France 1882, Germany 1885 		[28]
Samuel Northrup Castle
All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V Dec 7 1863 – Feb 23, 1874 House of Nobles 1876–1880 [29]
Archibald Scott Cleghorn
Jan 22, 1873 – 1891 Holdover from Lunalilo
Husband of Likelike
House of Nobles 1873–1886 		[30]
Robert James Creighton
House of Nobles 1886
Minister of Foreign Affairs
June 30 – Oct 13, 1886
Father of Liliʻuokalani's Attorney General Charles F. Creighton 		[31]
John Adams Cummins
June 18, 1874 – Mar 7, 1891 House of Nobles 1890–1892
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Jun 17, 1890 – Feb 25, 1891 		[32]
Samuel Mills Damon
Aug 12, 1884 – Mar 7, 1891 Minister of Finance
July 22, 1889 – June 17, 1890 		[33]
John T. Dare
House of Nobles Jul 5, – Oct 13, 1886
Attorney General
Jul 1- Oct 13, 1886
Legal counsel to Claus Spreckels
Prior legislative service in the Arizona Territory, and subsequently in the California State Assembly. 		[34]
John Owen Dominis
Dec 24, 1863 – 1891 Husband of Liliuokalani
All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Nobles 1864–1886 		[35]
James Isaac Dowsett Sr.
Feb 2, 1876 House of Nobles 1873–1888
In the legislature during the Honolulu Courthouse riot. Hawaiian name "Kimo Pelekaue". Building dedicated to him in 1950. First white child born in Hawaii who was not of missionary lineage. Advisor to Kam IV and V. Owned all the property on the waterfront. 		[36]
John Ena
1888–1891 House of Nobles 1892 [37]
Walter M. Gibson
Sept 1880 House of Nobles 1882–1886
Minister of Foreign Affairs
May 20, 1882 – June 30, 1886
Oct 13, 1886 – July 1, 1887
Attorney General (acting)
May 14- Dec 14, 1883
Sept 18, 1884 – Aug 3, 1885 (ad interim)
Minister of the Interior (acting)
May 14, 1883 – Aug 6, 1883
June 30, 1886 – Oct 13, 1886
Prime Minister
June 30, 1886 – Oct 13, 1886 		[38]
William Lowthian Green
Feb 23, 1874 – Mar 5, 1877 House of Nobles 1874–1892
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Feb 17, 1874 – Dec 5, 1876
Sept 22, 1880 – May 20, 1882
Minister of Finance
Jul 1, 1887 – Jul 22, 1889 		[8]
Charles T. Gulick
House of Nobles 1884–1892
Minister of the Interior
Aug 6, 1883 – June 30, 1886
Sept 12, 1892 – Nov 1, 1892
Minister of Finance (acting)
Sept 1, 1885 		[39]
Edwin Oscar Hall
Sept 6, 1849 – Sept 26, 1850, Jan 22, 1873 Privy Counselor for Kamehameha III
House of Nobles 1873–1874 		[40]
Charles Coffin Harris
Aug 26, 1862 – Feb 23, 1874 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha IV
House of Nobles 1864–1872 		[41]
Alfred S. Hartwell
Jan 23, 1873 – Jan 23, 1874 Holdover from Lunalilo
House of Nobles 1874–1878 		[42]
Frederick H. Hayselden
1886–1891 Born in England, son-in-law of Walter Murray Gibson. Sheriff of Maui, inherited the island of Lanai from Gibson. [43]
John Green Hoapili 1883 House of Nobles 1891–1892 [44]
Ferdinand William Hutchison
1864–1874 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Nobles 1866–1872 		[45]
Curtis P. Iaukea
1883–1891 King's private secretary, career diplomat, office holder, and military officer for the Kingdom, Provisional Government, and Territory of Hawaii [46]
William G. Irwin
1886–1891 Business and investment banking partner of Claus Spreckels and former California governor F. F. Low. DBA as Claus Spreckels & Co, the partnership circulated the Kalākaua coinage in Hawaii and floated loans to the monarchy/government. Irwin was also a partner of Samuel Gardner Wilder in the steamship business. [47]
W. Claude Jones
Attorney General
Aug 14, 1880 – Sept 27, 1880 		[48]
Albert Francis Judd
Jan 22, 1873 – Feb 19, 1874 Holdover from Lunalilo
House of Nobles 1873–1875 		[49]
Charles Hastings Judd
Oct 29, 1875 House of Nobles 1879–1886 [50]
Simon Kaloa Kaʻai
Dec 10, 1877 House of Nobles 1876–1882
Minister of Finance
July 3, 1878 – Aug 14, 1880
Aug 8, 1882 – Feb 13, 1883
Minister of the Interior
May 20, 1882 – Aug 8, 1882 		[51]
J. Kahai 1874 [52]
David Kahanu 1879–1891 Appointed to Kalākaua's Privy Council June 25, 1879 [53]
Henry A. Kahanu Dec 7, 1863 – Jan 22, 1873 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Nobles 1864–1880 		[54]
Simon P. Kalama 1864–1874 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Representatives 1853–1870 		[55]
A. Kalauli 1874 House of Representatives 1880 [56]
Charles Kanaʻina
Jul 29, 1845 – 1855 Privy Counselor for Kamehameha III and Kamehameha IV
Father of King Lunalilo
House of Nobles 1841–1876 		[57]
Paul Puhiula Kanoa
June 27, 1883 – Mar 1888 House of Nobles 1882–1892 [58]
Paul Kanoa
Oct 21, 1846 – Feb 23, 1874 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha III
House of Nobles 1845–1882 		[59]
John Mākini Kapena
1874 House of Nobles 1876–1886 [60]
John Kauhane
House of Nobles 1890 [61]
John Lot Kaulukoʻu
June 27, 1883 Attorney General
Oct 13- Oct 23, 1886 		[62]
John K. Kaunamano
1884–1891 [63]
Joseph Ulumaialii Kawainui
Feb 23, 1874 (1842 – Oct 23, 1895)
Attended the Royal School. Editor of the newspaper Ka Nupepa Kūʻokoʻa. Member of the Republic's Council of State 		[64]
David Leleo Kinimaka
1880–1883 Kalākaua's hanai half-brother, son of High Chief Kinimaka and Pai, his Tahitian wife. Member of the royal guards. [65]
Samuel Kipi
House of Nobles 1878 [66]
Moses Kuaea
1879–1882 Minister of Finance
Aug 14 – Sept 27, 1880
pastor of Kaumakapili Church 		[67]
Huaka Kuihelani
1883 House of Nobles 1873–1883 [68]
William Pitt Leleiohoku II
Aug 15, 1874 Kalākaua's brother
House of Nobles Jan 10,1887
Died Apr 9, 1887 		[69]
Edward Kamakau Lilikalani
1883 1883 Privy Council; 1889 Capt. King's Staff; 1890, 1st Lt. King's Guards; 1892, Col. Queen's Staff
Royal Order of Oceania, Order of Oceania, Order of Kalakaua, Order of Kapiolani 		[70]
George W. Macfarlane
1883–1884 House of Nobles 1884–1886; Chamberlain to Kalākaua
At Kalākaua's bedside when he died January 20, 1891 		[71]
Methuselah Mahuka Sept 1880 Uncle of Simon Kaloa Kaʻai [72]
J. W. Makalena Dec 24, 1863, Aug 20, 1864, Jan 22, 1873, Feb 23, 1884 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V [73]
Lawrence McCully
1878–1891 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom; Speaker of the House of Representatives [74]
John Moanauli Jan 22, 1873 Privy Counselor for Lunalilo
House of Nobles 1874–1882
(died Dec 10, 1883) 		[75]
William Luther Moehonua
Feb 23, 1874 House of Nobles Apr 15, 1878
Died in office Sept 8, 1878 		[76]
Celso Caesar Moreno
Minister of the Foreign Affairs
Aug 14–19 1880 		[77]
John Mott-Smith
Apr 5, 1867 – 1874, Mar 7, 1891 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Nobles 1876–1886
Minister plenipotentiary of Hawaii to Washington, D.C. 		[78]
Paul Nahaolelua
Apr 4, 1853 – Se;pt 22, 1875 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha III
House of Nobles 1853–1874
Minister of Finance
Feb 17 – Oct 31, 1874 		[79]
David Hopeni Nahinu
1886–1891 Member of the Legislature, House of Representatives [80]
Paul Neumann
1883–1891 House of Nobles 1884–1892 [81]
William Cooper Parke
Nov 2, 1874 Marshal of the Kingdom 1850–1884
Arrived in Hawaii 1843; dismissed from office by Gibson because he refused to cooperate in the corruption activities 		[82]
Samuel Parker
1883 House of Nobles 1886–1890
Major & Equerry in Waiting on Kalākaua's staff 1886 		[83]
Arthur P. Peterson
House of Nobles 1890–1893
Attorney General
June 17, 1890– Feb 25, 1891 		[84]
Edward Preston
1883 House of Nobles 1876–1882
Attorney General
July 13, 1878 – Aug 14, 1880
May 19, 1882 – May 14, 1883 		[85]
Godfrey Rhodes
Apr 5, 1867 – 1891 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Nobles 1876–1886
(b. Mar 8, 1815 – d. Sept 8, 1897)
3-time president of the Legislature; Born in England, Kauai coffee farm; 1886–1892 lived in Calif, in the room when Kalākaua died January 20, 1891 		[86]
George E. Richardson
1886–1891 House of Representatives; circuit judge of Maui [87]
Antone Rosa
Attorney General
Nov 15, 1886 – June 28, 1887 		[88]
William E. Rowell
Served under Samuel Gardner Wilder in the Dept. of the Interior; son of (Tenth Company) missionaries George Beckley Rowell and Malvena J. Chapin Rowell [89]
William James Smith
Nov 2, 1874 (b. Aug 24, 1839– d. Mar 22, 1896) Born in Tahiti. Attended the Royal School. Secretary of the Board of Education. Decorated with the Royal Order of Kalakaua, and by the Emperor of Japan with the Order of the Sacred Treasure. [90]
Charles Nichols Spencer
House of Nobles 1890–1892
Minister of the Interior
June 17, 1890– Sept 12, 1892 		[91]
Richard H. Stanley 1875 House of Nobles 1874
Attorney General
May 28, 1874 – Nov 5, 1875
Died in office 		[92]
Robert Stirling 1872–1874 All Privy Councils since Kamehameha V
House of Nobles 1873–1874
Listed in Thrum's as still Privy Council 1889 		[93]
Lorrin Andrews Thurston
Minister of the Interior
July 1, 1887 – Sept 27, 1888
Oct 27, 1888 – June 17, 1890 		[94]
Alfred N. Tripp
1874, Aug 13, 1884 – Nov 15, 1892 Port of Honolulu harbormaster
As part of Walter Murray Gibson's failed agenda for a Polynesian Confederation, Tripp was named Special Commissioner for Central and Western Polynesia. The plan called for him to use his own schooner to travel among the Gilbert Islands promoting good will among the individual chiefs. 		[95]
John Smith Walker
Oct 19, 1874 – Mar 7, 1891 House of Nobles 1876–1892
Minister of Finance
Oct 31, 1874 – Dec 5, 1876
Sept 27, 1880 – May 20, 1882
Attorney General
Nov 5, 1875 – Feb 15, 1876
[96]
John T. Waterhouse Jr.
1887–1891 Served on Liliʻuokalani's Privy Council of State [97]
Henry Martyn Whitney
Jan 22, 1873 – 1891 Holdover from Lunalilo
Founder of Pacific Commercial Advertiser and Hawaiian language newspaper Ka Nupepa Kūʻokoʻa. 		[98]
Hermann A. Widemann
Feb 18, 1874 – 1891 House of Nobles 1874–1890
Justice of the Supreme Court
July 10, 1869 – Feb 18, 1874
Appointed by Kamehameha V 		[99]
Samuel Gardner Wilder
Jan 22, 1873 – 1874 Holdover from Lunalilo
House of Nobles 1874–1888
Minister of the Interior
July 3, 1878 – August 14, 1880 		[100]
William Pinehasa Wood Nov 2, 1874 – 1890 ( d. Oct 18, 1894) [101]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kuykendall 1965, pp. 267–268.
  2. ^ "Hawaii State Archives Digital Collections". digitalcollections.hawaii.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  3. ^ Hawaii. Minutes of the Privy Council, 1881–1892. Honolulu: Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law, William S. Richardson School of Law. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1891). "Hawaiian Register and Directory for 1891". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1891. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 161. hdl:10524/661.; Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1892). "Hawaiian Register and Directory for 1892". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1892. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 144. hdl:10524/662.; Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1893). "Hawaiian Register and Directory for 1893". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 139. hdl:10524/663.
  5. ^ Dekneef 2016
  6. ^ a b Kuykendall 1967, p. 473; "Charles R. Bishop office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  7. ^ Kuykendall 1965, p. 139.
  8. ^ a b "William Lowthian Green Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "William Lothian Green". The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  9. ^ a b "Elisha Hunt Allen Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "Elisha Hunt Allen". Bioigraphical Directory of the US Congress. US Congress. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Allen, William F. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  11. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 214–220; "Gazette Extra". The Hawaiian Gazette. August 19, 1880. p. Image 1. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  12. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 367.
  13. ^ Liliuokalani 1898, pp. 205–207
  14. ^ "Crouched upon the floor against the wall near the bedside were the king's valet Kahikina, a Hawaiian youth, and Kalua a young girl from the Gilbert Islands, who had been a most devoted servant to Kalakaua." "Kahikina and Kalua". San Francisco Chronicle. January 21, 1891. p. 10. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  15. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 472.
  16. ^ "E. Payson Adams office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "Charter Granted to "The Planters Labor and Supply Company". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. March 25, 1882. p. 9, cols 1–2.; "1880 Kilauea Sugar Company, Edward P. Adams president". The Hawaiian Gazette. March 3, 1880.
  17. ^ "Afong, Chun office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  18. ^ "Aholo, Luther office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  19. ^ "William Nevins Armstrong Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  20. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 172, 175, 178, 288.
  21. ^ George F. Nellist, ed. (1925). "Joseph Ballard Atherton". The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders. Honolulu Star-Bulletin.; "Joseph Ballard Atherton Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  22. ^ Dekneef 2016; Lydecker 1918, pp. 156, 178; Kuykendall 1967, p. 271; "John T. Baker Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  23. ^ Dekneef 2016; Kuykendall 1967, pp. 205–211, 473; Lydecker 1918, p. 143; "The Election". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 14, 1880. p. 2.; "Robert Hoapili Baker Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  24. ^ "Edwin Harbottle Boyd office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 13, 2019.; "Resolutions of Condolence (Privy Council on the death of E. H. Boyd)". The Hawaiian Gazette. September 15, 1875. p. 2, col. 2.
  25. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 172, 178, 287; "Godfrey Brown office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  26. ^ Died Jan 27, 1884, but the newspapers listed him on the Privy Council through July.."The Buckle Inquiry". The Hawaiian Gazette. February 6, 1884. p. Image 9, col. 3. Retrieved January 20, 2019.; "William Buckle office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 13, 2019.; Victoria S. Creed, Waihona ʻAina Corp. & Cultural Surveys Hawaii and Isaaca Hanson, a descendant of Leoiki (Oct 17–19, 2008). "Early Western Diminishment of the Hawaiian Women's Rights". Society for Hawaiian Archaeology Conference. Archived from the original on January 27, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "John Edward Bush office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  28. ^ "Henry Augustus Peirce Carter office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  29. ^ "Samuel Northrup Castle office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  30. ^ "Archibald Scott Cleghorn office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  31. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 156, 288; "Death of R. J. Creighton". The Hawaiian Gazette. June 6, 1893. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "R. J. Creighton Dead". The Hawaiian Star. June 1, 1893. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "Robert James Creighton office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  32. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 127, 178, 182; "John Adams Cummins office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  33. ^ "Samuel Mills Damon office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  34. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 156, 288; "John T. Dare office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  35. ^ "John Owen Dominis Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  36. ^ "James Isaac Dowsett Sr. Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "An Old Identity Is Gone". Evening Bulletin. June 15, 1898. pp. 1, 5. Retrieved January 14, 2018.; "New City Mill Building Dedicated to J. I. Dowsett 1950". The Honolulu Advertiser. December 28, 1950. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "Kimo Pelekane". Images of Old Hawaiʻi. 17 July 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  37. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 182, 189, 225; "John Ena Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  38. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 139, 143, 147, 152, 156, 289; "Walter M. Gibson Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  39. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 152, 156, 182, 289; "Charles T. Gulick Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  40. ^ "Edwin Oscar Hall Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  41. ^ "Charles Coffin Harris Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  42. ^ "Alfred S. Hartwell Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  43. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 281, 283, 363, 365; "1924 Death of F. H. Hayselden". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. January 3, 1924. p. 6.Free access icon; "1903 Death of Mrs. Talula Hayselden". Hawaii Herald. May 28, 1903. p. 2.Free access icon
  44. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 107, 109, 182; "John Green Hoapili Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  45. ^ "Ferdinand William Hutchison Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  46. ^ "Curtis P. Iaukea obit". The Honolulu Advertiser. March 6, 1940. Retrieved January 14, 2019.Free access icon; "Curtis P. Iaukea Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  47. ^ George F. Nellist, ed. (1925). "William G. Irwin". The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders. Honolulu Star-Bulletin.; "William George Irwin Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; Kuykendall 1967, pp. 60, 82, 85, 90, 102, 291–292
  48. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 113, 291; "W. Claude Jones Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  49. ^ "Albert Francis Judd Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  50. ^ "Charles Hastings Judd Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  51. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 117, 121, 124, 127, 136, 143, 147, 291;"Simon Kaloa Kaʻai Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
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  79. ^ "Peter (Paul) Nahaolelua Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
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  83. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 581; "Samuel Parker Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  84. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 178, 188, 298; "Arthur P. Peterson Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  85. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 136, 139, 143, 298; "Edward Preston Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  86. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 39, 129–130, 195, 255, 272, 473; "Godfrey Rhodes Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection.; "Godfrey Rhodes:Died This Morning After Short Illness". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. September 8, 1897. p. Image 1.
  87. ^ "Privy Council of State". The Daily Bulletin. April 22, 1892. p. Image 2. col. 1. Retrieved January 14, 2018.; "George E. Richardson Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.l "George Richardson Death". The Honolulu Advertiser. April 18, 1892.Free access icon
  88. ^ Lydecker 1918, p. 299;"Antone Rosa Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  89. ^ "W. E. Rowell to Be Interred at Old Kawaiahao". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. March 20, 1916. pp. 11, col. 3. Retrieved January 14, 2018.; "William E. Rowell Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "W. E. Rowell To Be Interred In Old Kawaihao". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. March 20, 1916.Free access icon
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  92. ^ "Resolutions Passed In". November 13, 1875. p. Image 2, col. 3. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "Richard H. Stanley Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  93. ^ "Robert Stirling Death". Evening Bulletin. January 2, 1890. Retrieved January 13, 2019.; "Robert Stirling Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  94. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 172, 175, 178, 299.
  95. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 314; "Captain Tripp Will Be Laid At Rest Today". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. December 29, 1913. p. Image 5. Retrieved January 5, 2019.; "Alfred N. Tripp Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  96. ^ "John Smith Walker Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
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  99. ^ "Hermann A. Widemann Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  100. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 113, 132, 136, 139, 143, 156, 175, 247; "Samuel G. Wilder Sr. Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  101. ^ Lydecker 1918, pp. 107, 109, 113; "William P. Wood Office Record" (PDF). Hawaii State Archives Digital Collection. Retrieved January 14, 2019.; "W. P. Wood died". The Hawaiian Star. October 20, 1894. Retrieved January 19, 2019.

Bibliography

Thrums

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Ka Huli Ao Digital Archives, Punawaiola.org

Minutes of the Privy Council, 1873–1892

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