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Kagoshima Spinning Mill
UNESCO World Heritage Site
	Kagoshima bōsekijo gishikan (Ijinkan)
Location	Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
Part of	Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining
Criteria	Cultural: (ii), (iv)
Reference	1484
Inscription	2015 (39th Session)
Coordinates	31°36′56″N 130°34′27″E / 31.61556°N 130.57417°E
	Important Cultural Property National Historic Site of Japan
	Location of Kagoshima Spinning Mill in Kagoshima Prefecture Kagoshima Spinning Mill (Japan)

The 'Kagoshima Spinning Mill’ (鹿児島紡績所跡, Kagoshima bōsekijo ato) is a former cotton spinning mill constructed in the Bakumatsu period by Satsuma Domain in the Yoshino neighborhood of the city of Kagoshima Japan. The surviving residence for foreign engineers was designated a National Historic Site in 1959,^[1] and the site as a whole was later designated a component of the Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining, which received UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2015.^[2]

Overview

During the final years of the Tokugawa shogunate, Shimazu Nariakira, the daimyō of Satsuma Domain, was greatly interested in Dutch studies and convinced that Japan needed to industrialize and develop militarily and economically to avoid colonization by the Western powers.^[3] As a result, in 1857 he constructed the Shōko Shūseikan, the first Western-style factory in Japan, to create the materials needed for shipbuilding as well as products for exporting.^[4] Some 1,200 craftsmen worked at these factories every day, but after his death, operations were scaled back, and in 1863, almost everything except the reverberatory furnace was burned down during the Bombardment of Kagoshima.^[5]

His successor, Shimazu Tadayoshi, planned to rebuild Shōko Shūseikan and construct a Western-style textile mill, so sent 19 students to England in 1865. He purchased the necessary machinery through Godai Tomoatsu from the Platt Brothers, including more than 150 spinning machines, including cotton openers, carding machines, spindle spinning frames, and power looms, powered by a steam engine. The domain also invited seven British engineers to Kagoshima to install the machinery and provide operational guidance. These were the predecessors of the O-yatoi Gaikokujin who would later be employed by the Meiji government. Raw cotton was mainly purchased from the Kansai region, and over 200 workers spun 180 kg of cotton in a 10-hour day. In 1869, the mill produced 65,000 bolts of white cotton and 2,600 jin of kasuri cloth, which were sold mainly in the Kansai region.

Kagoshima Spinning Mill Foreign Engineers' Residence

The Kagoshima Foreign Engineers' Residence (鹿児島紡績所技師館, Kagoshima bōsekijo gishikan (Ijinkan)) was a building constructed for use by foreign engineers hired by the domain to establish the mill. It was completed in 1867 and was a two-story wooden structure painted white on the west side of the factory, with a floor area of approximately 344 square meters. However, due to the increasing political instability in Japan, the engineers returned to the United Kingdom after only one year. the building was subsequently used as an office for a cannon factory, and in 1877 it was requisitioned as a temporary hospital by the Satsuma forces in the Satsuma Rebellion.

In 1884, the building was relocated to the site of Kagoshima Castle, but in 1936 was restored to its original location. It was initially thought to have been designed by Thomas Waters, who was also involved in the design of Ginza Bricktown, but because Waters had been building a sugar mill on Amami Oshima since 1866, it is now believed to have been designed and supervised by an Englishman connected to spinning mills.

In 1962 the building was designated an Important Cultural Property. ^[6]

As a result of excavation work in 2010, the remains of the foundations of the main body of the Kagoshima Spinning Mill were discovered in the neighboring area, and on October 17, 2013, the designated area was expanded and the designated name of the National Historic Site was changed from "Kagoshima Spinning Mill Engineers' House (Ijinkan)" to "Kagoshima Spinning Mill Site".

References

^ "鹿児島紡績所跡" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
^ "Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining". UNESCO. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
^ 三訂版,367日誕生日大事典,世界大百科事典内言及, デジタル大辞泉,精選版日本国語大辞典,百科事典マイペディア,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),朝日日本歴史人物事典,改訂新版世界大百科事典,ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典,山川日本史小辞典改訂新版,デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plus,旺文社日本史事典. "島津斉彬(シマヅナリアキラ)とは？意味や使い方". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Sengan-en and Shoko Shuseikan". 【公式】鹿児島市の観光・旅行情報サイト｜かごしま市観光ナビ. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
^ "かごしま文化財事典プラス - 旧集成館機械工場". かごしま文化財事典プラス (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-08-02.
^ "旧鹿児島紡績所技師館" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved December 20, 2023.