In 2018, Foscue's freshman season for the Mississippi State Bulldogs, Foscue appeared in 58 games, batting .241 with three home runs and twenty runs batted in (RBIs).[5] As a sophomore in 2019, he moved from third base to second base[6] and slashed .331/.395/.564 with 14 home runs, sixty RBIs, and 22 doubles over 67 starts.[7][8][9] He earned All-SEC First-Team honors.[10] That summer, he played for the United States collegiate national team.[11][12][13] In 2020, Foscue's junior year, he hit .302 with two home runs and 16 RBIs over 16 games before the college baseball season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[14]
To begin the 2021 season, Foscue was assigned to the Hickory Crawdads of the High-A East.[18] He missed the whole month of June and the beginning of July after suffering a rib injury.[19] He received a cortisone injection and rehabbed with the Arizona Complex League Rangers before returning to Hickory on July 10.[20] From July 9 (his last rehab appearance) to July 23 (with Hickory), Foscue homered in eight consecutive games, tying the Major League Baseball record.[21] In early August, he was promoted to the Frisco RoughRiders of the Double-A Central.[22] Over 62 games for the 2021 season, Foscue slashed .275/.371/.590 with 17 home runs and 51 RBIs.[23] He played in the Arizona Fall League for the Surprise Saguaros after the season, hitting .257/.416/.529/.944 with five home runs and 14 RBIs.[24][25] He opened the 2022 season with Frisco on the injured list with a back injury.[26] Over 101 games with Frisco, he slashed .288/.367/.483 with 15 home runs, 81 RBIs, and 31 doubles.[27]
Foscue was optioned to Triple–A Round Rock to begin the 2024 season.[30] On April 2, 2024, Foscue was promoted to the major leagues for the first time.[31] He made his debut on April 5, and collected his first hit on April 7.[32][33] However, Foscue was placed on the injured list on April 8 with an oblique strain.[34] He was transferred to the 60–day injured list on April 13.[35] Foscue was activated from the injured list on June 26 and stayed in the minors.[36] Foscue got called up for the second time in his career on July 20.[37] He played that day and recorded a hit and a run.