Juana de la Caridad Castro Ruz was born in Birán, near Mayarí, in what is now known as the province of Holguín on 6 May 1933.[1][2] She was the fourth child of Ángel Castro y Argiz and Lina Ruz González and had three brothers — Ramón, Fidel, and Raúl — and three sisters — Angelita, Emma, and Agustina.[1] Lina Ruz González was Ángel Castro's cook; he was married to another woman when Juanita and her older brothers were born.[1]
Castro also had five half-siblings: Lidia, Pedro Emilio, Manuel, Antonia, and Georgina, who were raised by Ángel Castro's first wife Maria Luisa Argota, as well as another half-brother, Martín, from her father's relationship with a farmhand.[1]
Politics
Juanita Castro was active in the Cuban revolution, buying weapons for the 26th of July movement during their campaign against Fulgencio Batista.[3] In 1958, she traveled to the US to raise funds to support the insurgent movement.[3] After the revolution, Juanita felt betrayed by the growing influence of Cuban communists in the Cuban government.[4]
Fidel and Raúl's government policies clashed with family interests. When the two revolutionaries insisted on including the family plantation in their agrarian reform program to limit private land ownership, their older brother Ramón, who had been maintaining the property, angrily exploded, "Raúl is a dirty little Communist. Some day I am going to kill him."[3]
In this climate, Juanita Castro started collaborating with, and receiving paychecks from, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) after being recruited by someone close to her brother Fidel.[5] She later reported that the CIA "wanted to talk to me because they had interesting things to tell me, and interesting things to ask me, such as if I was willing to take the risk, if I was ready to listen to them... I was rather shocked, but anyway I said yes".[5] As part of her work with the CIA, she was credited with helping at least 200 people leave Cuba in the immediate post-revolutionary period.[6]Time magazine reported that "after the mother Lina Ruz died in 1963, there was a violent episode when Fidel decided to expropriate the family land once and for all. Juanita started selling the cattle; Fidel flew into a rage, denounced her as a 'counterrevolutionary worm,' and rushed to the [family's] farm."[7]
Emigration
In 1964, Castro left Cuba for Mexico, staying with her sister Emma, who had married a Mexican man in Cuba and emigrated there.[1] Upon her arrival, she called a press conference and announced that she had defected from Cuba. "I cannot longer remain indifferent to what is happening in my country," she said. "My brothers Fidel and Raúl have made it an enormous prison surrounded by water. The people are nailed to a cross of torment imposed by international Communism."[3]
In 1998, she filed a lawsuit in Spain against her niece Alina Fernández, the illegitimate daughter of her brother Fidel Castro, claiming that she had been libeled in some passages in Fernández's autobiography, Castro's Daughter: An Exile's Memoir of Cuba (1998).[8] She claimed the book defamed her family: "People who were eating off Fidel's plate yesterday come here and want money and power, so they say whatever they want, even if it's not true."[8] A Spanish court ordered Fernández and her publisher, Plaza & Janes, a Barcelona-based division of Random House, to pay Castro the equivalent of US$45,000.[8]
On 25 October 2009, Juanita Castro told Univision's WLTV-23 that she had initially supported her brother's 1959 overthrow of the Batista dictatorship but quickly became disillusioned.[5] Her home became a sanctuary for anti-Communists before she fled the island.[5] In the interview, she said she was approached by the CIA.[9][10][5]
Later life and death
After settling in Miami in 1964, Castro opened a pharmacy called Mini Price in 1973.[11] She became a naturalized US citizen in 1984.[2] In December 2006, she sold her pharmacy business to CVS Pharmacy.[11]
Castro published her autobiography in Spanish in 2009 as Fidel y Raúl, mis hermanos. La historia secreta ("Fidel and Raúl, My Brothers: The Secret History").[5] It was co-written with Mexican journalist María Antonieta Collins.[5]
Castro died at a hospital in Miami, Florida, on 4 December 2023, aged 90.[12]
