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Journalology (also known as publication science) is the scholarly study of all aspects of the academic publishing process.^[1]^[2] The field seeks to improve the quality of scholarly research by implementing evidence-based practices in academic publishing.^[3] The term "journalology" was coined by Stephen Lock, the former editor-in-chief of the BMJ. The first Peer Review Congress, held in 1989 in Chicago, Illinois, is considered a pivotal moment in the founding of journalology as a distinct field.^[3] The field of journalology has been influential in pushing for study pre-registration in science, particularly in clinical trials. Clinical trial registration is now expected in most countries.^[3] Journalology researchers also work to reform the peer review process.

History

The earliest scientific journals were founded in the seventeenth century. While most early journals used peer review, peer review did not become common practice in medical journals until after World War II.^[4] The scholarly publishing process (including peer review) did not arise by scientific means and still suffers from problems with reliability (consistency and dependability),^[5] such as a lack of uniform standards and validity (well-founded, efficacious).^[6]^[7] Attempts to reform the academic publishing practice began to gain traction in the late twentieth century.^[8] The field of journalology was formally established in 1989.^[3]

References

^ Galipeau, James; Moher, David; Campbell, Craig; Hendry, Paul; Cameron, D. William; Palepu, Anita; Hébert, Paul C. (March 2015). "A systematic review highlights a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of health-related training programs in journalology". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 68 (3): 257–265. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.024. PMID 25510373.
^ Wilson, Mitch; Moher, David (March 2019). "The Changing Landscape of Journalology in Medicine". Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 49 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.11.009. hdl:10393/38493. PMID 30819390. S2CID 73471103.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer (18 September 2018). "'Journalologists' use scientific methods to study academic publishing. Is their work improving science?". Science. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
^ Burnham, John C. (1990-03-09). "The Evolution of Editorial Peer Review". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 263 (10): 1323–1329. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440100023003. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 2406470.
^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=reliable ("reliable, adj. 1. Capable of being relied on; dependable ... 2. Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials.").
^ Oxford English Dictionary (OED Online) (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1989. validity, n. ... 2. The quality of being well-founded on fact, or established on sound principles, and thoroughly applicable to the case or circumstances; soundness and strength (of argument, proof, authority, etc.) ... 4. Value or worth; efficacy. Merging into sense 2, from which in some instances it is hardly distinguishable.
^ Nederhof, A.J. (1988), "The Validity and Reliability of Evaluation of Scholarly Performance", Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology, Elsevier, pp. 193–228, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-70537-2.50012-x, ISBN 978-0-444-70537-2, retrieved 15 September 2020
^ Smith, J (3 October 1990). "Journalology – or what editors do". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 301 (6754): 756–759. doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6754.756. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1664073. PMID 2224255.