Already in exile, Maldonado held positions in many parts of the national Republican government, such as Minister of Justice (1949–1951) and Minister of Justice and Information (1962–1971).
At a more practical level, Maldonado lived in Paris and held a variety of teaching jobs. He was also active as a
Freemason.
In 1970 he succeeded Luis Jiménez de Asúa as President of the Republic in exile. In 1977 he recognized the elections in Spain and agreed on the Republic in exile ceasing international relations and disband, as agreed with president José López Portillo of Mexico. He died on 11 February, 1985 at the age of 84.